USA Test prep Ionic and Covalent Compounds

You are given two unknown solutions, A and B. One of the solutions contains water and table salt, and the other contains water and table sugar. Without any testing, using the data table and your knowledge of chemical bonds, you are able to determine which solution contains sugar and which contains salt. Which solution is which?

A) A contains sugar and B contains salt, because salt is ionic and a good conductor of electricity.

NH3 is nitrogen trihydride (ammonia) and BF3 is boron trifluoride. What is the name for AlCl3 and why?

A) Aluminum chloride - It does not have the prefix "tri-" since it is ionic.

What is the formula of the most stable oxide of francium?

A) Fr2O

A lithium oxide compound is represented by which formula?

A) Li2O

Lithium fluoride is used as a flux in the production of ceramics and glazes. Given their location on the periodic table, identify the ionic charge for each element and predict the chemical formula of the compound formed.

A) Lithium, Li, is an alkali metal and is in Group IA with an ionic charge of +1. While fluorine, F, is a halogen and is in Group VIIA with a charge of -1. These will form LiF(s).

Sodium chloride comprises 97%-99% of table salt. Given their location on the periodic table, identify the ionic charge for each element and predict the chemical formula of the compound formed.

A) Sodium, Na, is an alkali metal and is in Group IA with an ionic charge of +1. While chlorine, Cl, is a halogen and is in Group VIIA with a charge of -1. These will form NaCl(s).

Which is true of all covalent compounds?

A) They share electrons in bonds.

A positively charged ion will bond with

A) a negatively charged ion.

What is the correct name for the compound, P2O5?

A) diphosphorus pentoxide

Sodium chloride, NaCl, is formed when a sodium atom transfers its electron to a chlorine atom. The difference in charge between the two atoms creates a(n) ___________ attraction that bonds them together.

A) electrostatic

Which has covalent bonds?

A) glucose

The strong crystal structure of an ionic compound is one of the main reasons why ionic compounds have a __________ melting point.

A) high

Electrons are transferred in the formation of ______________ bonds.

A) ionic

In ____________, electrons are gained by atoms and lost by others.

A) ionic bonds

The characteristics listed describe

A) ionic compounds.

Crystalline salts such as cesium bromide form _____ bonds with __________.

A) ionic, electrostatic attractions

Which set of atoms will form an ionic compound?

A) one calcium atom with an oxygen atom

Nitrogen can ionically bond with an unknown element X from group 2. How many ions of element X are required to create a stable ionic compound with nitrogen?

B) 3

What is the chemical formula for aluminum fluoride?

B) AlF3

Carbon dioxide can be represented by the chemical formula

B) CO2

Which elements will bond ionically with barium such that the formula would be written as BaX2?

B) Chlorine, Iodine, and Fluorine

Which statement accurately describes covalent bonds?

B) Covalent bonds are typical of carbon compounds.

Which formulas and their respective names match? I) Li3N lithium nitride II) H2S hydrogen sulfite III) SO2 sulfur dioxide IV) AlF3 aluminum trifluoride

B) I and III

Which substance(s) will be good conductors of electricity? I. H2O (s) II. NaCl (s) III. NaCl (l) IV. Au (s)

B) III and IV only

Which of these BEST describes why an ionic solution is a good conductor of electricity while a covalent solution is a poor conductor?

B) Ionic compounds form charged particles in solution, and electricity will only flow if charged particles are present.

Determine the correct name for the compound, Mg3N2.

B) Magnesium nitride

An atom of an element with two valence electrons reacts with two atoms of an element with atomic number 17 to form an ionic compound. What is the compound MOST LIKELY formed as described?

B) MgCl2

The IUPAC name for the common household cleaner, ammonia, is nitrogen trihydride. Identify the formula of ammonia.

B) NH3

The chemical formula for sodium fluoride is

B) NaF

Tetraphosphorus decaiodide is represented by which formula?

B) P4I10

What do all of these compounds have in common?

B) They are all covalent.

Carbon and oxygen, both nonmetals, bond to form a compound. What is the name of the carbon compound with one carbon and two oxygens?

B) carbon dioxide

All of these may be classified as

B) covalent compounds

Water, H2O, is a molecule made of oxygen and hydrogen. The bonds that hold water molecules together are due to shared electrons, and known as __________ bonds. In contrast, the bonds that hold NaCl molecules together are _________ bonds, arising from a charge difference between the atoms.

B) covalent; ionic

The formation of lithium fluoride (seen here) is due to

B) increased stability in the completion of fluorine's outer shell.

What is the correct name for the ionic compound, MgCl2?

B) magnesium chloride

Use IUPAC rules to name this compound.

B) nitrogen triiodide

A compound containing sodium and chlorine, in a binary ionic compound, would be named

B) sodium chloride.

A chlorine atom reacts with a sodium atom to form sodium chloride, NaCl. A chlorine atom can also react with another chlorine atom to form a chlorine molecule, Cl2. Which statement BEST explains the behavior of chlorine in these two reactions?

C) A chlorine atom can form ionic bonds by accepting an electron and covalent bonds by sharing electrons.

What is the chemical formula for aluminum fluoride?

C) AlF3

Which statement about covalent bonds is true?

C) Covalent bonds are generally weaker than ionic bonds because they overlap electrons to fill their outer shell.

How is electron movement related to the bonding in sodium chloride?

C) Electrons exchange creating ions to form an ionic bond by electrostatic attraction.

Which formulas and their respective names DO NOT match? I) BaO barium hydroxide II) CCl4 carbon tetrachloride III) N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide IV) HF monohydrogen monofluoride

C) I and IV

A potassium iodide compound is represented by which formula?

C) KI

The illustration depicts the formation of an ionic chemical bond between lithium and fluorine atoms. Why is the resulting compound more stable than the individual atoms?

C) The transferred electron from lithium to fluorine provides each atom with a full outer energy level.

Using IUPAC nomenclature, give the name of BH3 and AlH3 and elaborate why that name is correct.

C) boron trihydride - boron and hydrogen are both non-metals and form covalent bonds. aluminum hydride - aluminum is a main group metal and hydrogen is a non-metal and they form ionic bonds.

Determine the name of this compound according to IUPAC nomenclauture.

C) copper (II) chloride

Which nonmetal would an ion of Ca2+ MOST LIKELY ionically bond with in a 1:1 ratio?

C) one atom of oxygen

The electrons of carbon and hydrogen are _____________ in this molecule of methane.

C) shared

A stable, binary ionic compound exists where the cation (A) has a charge twice in magnitude than that of the anion (X). What would be the correct formula for this compound?

D) AX2

Which statement correctly explains how magnesium and chlorine combine to form magnesium chloride?

D) An Mg atom donates one electron to each of the two Cl atoms.

Carbon and fluorine combine covalently to form a binary compound. What is the formula of the compound with the name carbon tetrafluoride?

D) CF4

A calcium bromide compound is represented by which formula?

D) CaBr2

Two common ions of manganese are Mn2+ and Mn3+. Which binary ionic compound is likely to form?

D) MnO

Unknown element X is a metal that ionically bonds to sulfur. Is the formula, X3S feasible? Why or why not?

D) No, it is not feasible. Three metallic ions cannot provide the exact number of electrons that one sulfur needs for the ionic bond.

Which pair of atoms will form a covalent molecule?

D) One atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen

Sulfur hexafluoride is represented by which formula?

D) SF6

When naming ternary compounds such as HNO3, the structure of the compound helps predict the name of compound. Which statement is not correct in naming this compound?

D) The presence of oxygen in the anion indicates the prefix "hydro-" is used.

Use the IUPAC nomenclature rules to give the name for this compound - N2O3.

D) dinitrogen trioxide

The illustration depicts the formation of an ionic chemical bond between sodium and chlorine atoms. The result of this bonding is a chemical compound that is stable because the

D) transferred electron provides both elements with a full outer energy level.