USAID- Diarrheal Disease

In 2008, what percentage of deaths in children under five in Ghana were attributed to diarrhea?

10%

What clinical signs are used to determine the level of dehydration?

Child's general condition (lethargic or unconscious, or restless and irritable) Child's reaction when offered a drink (not able to drink or drinking poorly or drinking eagerly, thirsty) Elasticity of the skin and sunken eyes

Why is the weaning period dangerous for infants?

Complementary foods and fluids that are provided can be contaminated with bacteria, viruses or parasites that can cause diarrhea.

A common case definition of diarrhea is the passage of five or more loose or watery stools per day.

False; 3

Which of the following frameworks provides strategies and evidence needed to reduce childhood death and illness from pneumonia and diarrhea?

Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD)

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is based on the principle that:

Intestinal absorption of electrolytes and water is enhanced by active absorption of food molecules.

Which of the following statements about acute diarrhea are true? (Select all that apply.)

It causes dehydration It contributes to malnurition

For effective diarrhea control, the following should be addressed:

Lack of knowledge on diarrhea treatment and prevention in families and communities Lack of access to health facilities Lack of knowledge and skills among health providers Inadequate supportive supervision of coverage and quality

The immediate goal for diarrhea treatment is to:

Replace fluids and electrolytes until the diarrhea stops

What pathogen is the most common cause of diarrheal deaths in children under the age of five?

Rotavirus

Which of the following is NOT an effective measure to prevent diarrhea?

Treatment of other medical conditions with efficient drugs

Infants and children should always be fed during diarrhea.

True

Which of the following are barriers to the coordination of diarrheal control programs? (Select all that apply.)

Underuse and poor coordination of public private partnerships Policies not linked to standard IMCI or treatment guidelines

One of the major components of the SUZY (Scale Up of Zinc for Young children) project in Bangladesh was to educate ______________ of the benefits of zinc over standard treatment.

care-takers health providers private sector health care workers

Which of the following are technologies to disinfect water at the point of use?

chemical disinfection membrane, ceramic, composite, or granular media filters solar disinfection thermal technologies coagulation and precipitation and/or sedimentation

The major cause of death from diarrhea is:

dehydration

Hospital policies should promote breastfeeding by:

encouraging mothers to start breastfeeding immediately after delivery

Feeding (or breastfeeding) should NOT be continued during diarrhea and oral rehydration.

false

Diarrheal pathogens are spread through mostly:

fecal-oral transmission

Of deaths due to diarrhea, 72% occur in the:

first two years of life

The most powerful interventions to prevent diarrhea are related to:

improving water and sanitation

According to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) approach, which one of the following is NOT a possible classification of dehydration in a child with diarrhea:

medium dehydration

The factor that increases risk of persistent diarrhea is:

previous diarrhea infection nutritional status feeding practices

Which of the following factors were fundamental to the SUZY (Scale Up of Zinc for Young children) project's early success?

program flexibility public-private partnerships use of social marketing

In 2009, the World Health Organization's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts recommended that which vaccine be included in all countries' national immunization programs?

rotavirus

The percentage of health facilities with ORS and zinc available is a good example of an indicator that can be used for monitoring diarrheal disease programs.

true

Therapeutic zinc shortens the duration of diarrhea and prevents future cases.

true