USH Ch. 16 Review

How did Dr. King's assassination affect the civil rights movement? A.The movement lost the unity and grounding he had given it. B.The movement gained momentum without his insistence on passive resistance. C.The movement splintered into two factions that exist to this day. D.The movement began to increase in acceptance among whites.

A

How did President Kennedy initially respond to the clash between white Southerners and the Freedom Riders? A.He attempted to compromise and get both sides to calm down for a time. B.He asked his brother Robert to file suit against Southern companies that segregated. C.He met with African American leaders and asked them to end the Freedom Rides. D.He sent the National Guard to enforce desegregation laws.

A

How did the Brown v. Board of Education decision help the civil rights movement? A.It led to the overturning of many public segregation laws. B.It caused Southern leaders to reevaluate their position on civil rights. C.It resulted in the appointment of the first African American Supreme Court justice. D.It led to the formation of the NAACP.

A

In 1965, only 15 percent of African Americans ________________ compared to 44 percent of whites. A.held professional, managerial, or clerical jobs B.received college degrees C.were registered voters D.lived in urban areas

A

SNCC drew many Northern African Americans to the South in order to A.help register rural African Americans to vote. B.protest the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. C.desegregate college campuses. D.put pressure on local governments to enforce civil rights laws.

A

What civil rights passive resistance protest proved effective and helped give the movement momentum? A.the Montgomery Bus Boycott B.the march on Washington, D.C. C.the response to Brown v. Board of Education D.the black power movement

A

What is "de facto segregation"? A.segregation by tradition and custom rather than law B.state-legislated segregation C.segregation in the school system D.military segregation

A

Why was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement? A.It protected African American voting rights, giving the community a political voice in the South. B.It was achieved through compromise between African American leaders and Southern white leaders. C.It was the first civil rights law passed since Reconstruction. D.It caused an upsurge of violence against protesters in Selma.

A

Why were many young African Americans drawn to the black power movement? A.They were frustrated at the continued economic discrimination faced by their communities. B.They wanted to explore alternatives to inner-city living by adopting African customs and names. C.They had given up the hope of an ideal American society with equality for all. D.They hoped to get African American voters to support civil rights candidates.

A

How did President Eisenhower respond politically to the civil rights debate? A.He created a new federal court that would only hear civil rights cases. B.He introduced a civil rights bill to Congress. C.He tried to influence African Americans to vote Republican. D.He convened a commission of African American leaders.

B

In "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King, Jr., proposed what principle? A.that whites would eventually accept civil rights B.that unjust laws must be disobeyed C.that segregation had only worked for a short period of time D.that African Americans were now free to use violence

B

What event in 1955 sparked the long legal battle to desegregate the country? A.Thurgood Marshall became the first African American justice on the Supreme Court. B.An African American woman refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus. C.Martin Luther King, Jr., and supporters marched on Montgomery, Alabama. D.The Supreme Court handed down the verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson.

B

What spurred the black power movement? A.the notion that white Americans would only accept equality with African Americans through violence B.the perception that economic disparity could not be solved using passive resistant methods C.the belief that the federal government would never become involved in civil rights issues D.the feeling that Dr. King had lost his passion for civil rights

B

What was one failing of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling? A.It required states to determine the best way to handle desegregation on their own. B.It failed to set a timetable for desegregation, allowing school districts to continue the practice for years. C.It failed to clearly explain why segregation of schools was inconsistent with constitutional principles. D.It required schools to adopt their own testing laws to help prevent African Americans from attending white schools.

B

What was the primary focus of the Civil Rights Act of 1968? A.investigating the cause of Dr. King's assassination B.creating fair housing standards C.ending discrimination in the workplace D.creating commissions to study race riots

B

Who were the Freedom Riders? A.a group of white supremacists that attempted to threaten protesters with violence B.a group of African American and white volunteers that rode interstate buses in protest of segregation C.a group of civil rights leaders that moved about the South registering African American voters D.a group of attorneys that filed several segregation lawsuits throughout the South

B

Why did African American communities continue to suffer despite civil rights legislation? A.African American families lived largely in poor, rural areas. B.Racism was still common in the United States, and those attitudes continued despite new laws. C.The federal government never enforced civil rights legislation. D.African American leaders attempted to focus on poverty.

B

Among the provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was A.the right of states to legislate segregation. B.the ability of states to bring pro-segregation lawsuits against the federal government. C.the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. D.the enactment of a federal anti-lynching law.

C

The frustration of impoverished African Americans resulted in _______ in the late 1960s. A.economic protests B.civil lawsuits C.race riots D.new anti-discrimination laws

C

What American ideal did Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, "I Have a Dream" speech reinforce? A.that Congress has a duty to act on behalf of its citizens B.that nonviolent passive resistance is the only way to win the struggle for civil rights C.that freedom is for everyone, regardless of their race, religion, or creed D.that voting in a democracy is the greatest gift a person can receive

C

What movement within the civil rights campaign drew record numbers of college students to the struggle for equal rights? A.visits to schools by Martin Luther King, Jr. B.discussion groups at college campuses C.sit-ins at businesses D.desegregation of colleges

C

What strategy did the leaders of CORE use in Northern cities to shame restaurants into serving African American customers? A.political pressure B.protests C.sit-ins D.lawsuits

C

What was the result of the Birmingham mob action against the Freedom Riders? A.The governor of Alabama was impeached and replaced with a civil rights advocate. B.Police officials who allowed the violence were prosecuted by the federal government for their actions. C.More Americans became aware of the plight of African Americans in the South and the federal government became involved. D.White supremacists gained standing among the Southern community and were able to continue segregation.

C

Why did Martin Luther King, Jr., advocate nonviolent passive resistance as a primary means of achieving civil rights? A.Whites were responding to African American protests with violence. B.Other civil rights leaders advised him to use this strategy. C.He believed it was moral and would also win the hearts of whites. D.He was afraid that confrontation would cost the movement followers.

C

_______ became the foremost figure of the black power movement of the 1960s. A.Huey P. Newton B.Martin Luther King, Jr. C.Malcolm X D.Stokely Carmichael

C

intended to protect voting rights of African American

Civil Rights Act 1957

most comprehensive civil rights law ever enacted granting all citizens equal access to facilities, making segregation illegal in most places, and prohibiting job discrimination (focused on desegregation)

Civil Rights Act 1964

8._______ were a group of African Americans who sought to end racial oppression and gain control over various social institutions. A.The Kerner Commission B.The Birmingham Council C.The Black Power Coalition D.The Black Panthers

D

How did President Eisenhower respond to the Arkansas governor's use of troops to prevent integration? A.He gave a public address appealing to Southerners to obey the new laws. B.He allowed the governor to prevent desegregation. C.He had the attorney general file suit in the Supreme Court. D.He sent in the military to protect African American rights.

D

How did news of the attacks on African American protesters affect the movement nationwide? A.It created an atmosphere of tension among African American leaders over a response to the violence. B.It caused President Kennedy to avoid appointing African Americans to high-level posts. C.It created a backlash among Northern whites. D.It drew more support for the movement's goals.

D

Once civil rights legislation was passed, Dr. King focused on ending A.the continued segregation of public institutions in the South. B.the urban flight of white Americans from inner cities. C.police brutality against African Americans. D.the economic hardships of African Americans.

D

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education? A.that African American students are allowed to attend white schools but would remain in separate classrooms B.that students cannot be bused from their hometown to another school because of segregation C.that "separate but equal" facilities were allowed to segregate African Americans D.that the segregation of public schools is unconstitutional

D

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

NAACP official and executive director of the SCLC; helped establish Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Ella Baker

helped organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Fannie Lou Hamer

worked to form the Black Panthers

Huey P. Newton

young African American girl who was denied admission to her Kansas school; Supreme Court ruled unanimously that segregation in the public schools was unconstitutional

Linda Brown

symbol of the black power movement; one of the most powerful black nationalist leaders in the United States; later joined the Nation of Islam, commonly known as Black Muslims, which preached black nationalism

Malcolm X

urged the NAACP to start helping rural southern African Americans

Robert Moses

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama and so triggered the national civil rights movement

Rosa Parks

signed by 101 members of Congress to counter the landmark Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court 1954 ruling. School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and several northern states at the time.

Southern Manifesto

leader of the SNCC in 1966; supporter of black power

Stokely Carmichael

chief counsel for NAACP, Civil rights lawyer/96th justice of supreme court and 1st African American justice. advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor

Thurgood Marshall