UWYO Geology - Chapter 3

The image below shows the atomic structure of a graphite Crystal. The hexagons are made by strong covalent bonds, while the sheets are held together by much weaker Van Der Waal forces. Based on this information and the shape of the structure, how many planes of cleavage could graphite be expected to have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. None

1

Which if the following statements about hardness is TRUE: A. Calcite will scratch fluorite B. A copper penny will scratch gypsum C. Apatite is harder than orthoclase D. Diamond has a Mohs hardness of 10 because it's 10x harder than talc (hardness of 1) (This question usually provides a photo)

A copper penny will scratch gypsum

The size of mineral crystals could be influenced by the speed of cooling. The picture below shows an amethyst geode. Match the letter with the appropriate term for crystal shape. Choice 1: A-euhedral, B-subhedral, C-anhedral Choice 2: A-cubic, B-tetrahedral, C-euhedral Choice 3: A-anhedral, B-covalent, C-metallic Choice 4: A-subhedral, B-anhedral, C-euhedral

A-euhedral, B-subhedral, C-anhedral

Identify the FALSE statement. Silicates. . . A. Have the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron as their structural unit B. Are classified on the basis of how the tetrahedrons join and share oxygen atoms C. Are a large category of minerals and include the common minerals and calcite dolomite D. Are a major component of continental crust

Are a large category of minerals and include the common minerals and calcite dolomite

Which if the following statements is FALSE? Crystals. . . A. Are formed by the high-temperature, extremely rapid process known as solid-state diffusion B. Display symmetry C. Have an orderly internal arrangement of atoms arranged in a lattice pattern D. Grow outward from a seed

Are formed by the high-temperature, extremely rapid process known as solid-state diffusion

Which if the following statements is FALSE? Diamonds: A. That have weathered out of ore bodies can end up in stream gravels B. Are brought from the mantle to the surface in magma that hardens into kimberlite C. Are found in carrot-shaped structures called pegmatites D. Of industrial quality are used as abrasives

Are found in carrot-shaped structures called pegmatites

Calcite and aragonite minerals that constitute clam shells are examples of which method of mineral formation A. Biomineralization B. Solid-state diffusion C. Precipitation from a solution D. Solidification if a melt

Biomineralization

Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break in a predictable manner when subjected to a force. The image below shows a calcite fragment. Which statement about calcites cleavage is true? A. Calcite has 1 plane of cleavage B. Calcite has 3 planes of cleavage, on of which is inclined C. Calcite has 2 perpendicular planes of cleavage D. Calcite has 2 inclined planes of cleavage

Calcite has 3 planes of cleavage, on of which is inclined

Which of the following statements accurately describes a property that is NOT useful in identifying quartz? A. Color, because quartz can be many different colors. B. Fracture, because quartz does not have fracture. C. Hardness, because quartz is softer than most minerals on Mohs scale. D. Crystal habit, because quartz has a fibrous crystal habit.

Color, because quartz can be many different colors.

The quartz in this figure shows a very specific type,of breakage. Its not cleavage. What is this type of break called? A. Concave fracture B. Irregular fracture C. iilnternal fracture D. Conchoidal fracture

Conchoidal fracture

The tendency of a mineral to break and produce smooth, curving, shell-shaped surfaces is termed. . . A. Cleavage B. Streak C. Luster D. Conchoidal fracture

Conchoidal fracture

What type of chemical bond occurs when atoms share electrons, as shown in this diagram? o//\\o o o\\//o A. Metallic B. Covalent C. Ionic

Covalent

There are 2 physical properties of minerals that both result in smooth, flat surfaces with specific angles between them. The first property is externally visible and is the result of how the mineral forms; the second is inherently internal and is the result of breaking a sample of the mineral. These properties are called. . . A. Crystal habit and cleavage B. Hardness and cleavage C. Cleavage and hardness D. Cleavage and crystal habit

Crystal habit and cleavage

Mineral crystals come in many different shapes. The image below shows a halite Crystal. Which of the following statements regarding the minerals characteristics is false? A. Halite has cubic crystal habit B. The atoms with Halite molecules are held together by chemical binds C. Halite has one strong plane of cleavage D. Halite has sodium and chlorine ions in its chemical formula

Halite has one strong plane of cleavage

Which if the following groups of silicate minerals exhibits a single strong cleavage in one direction? A. Independent tetrahedra silicates B. Sheet silicates C. Single-chain silicates D. Framework silicates

Sheet silicates

Which if the following statements about gemstones is FALSE? A. In order to be considered precious or semiprecious, a gemstone must be transparent B. Many gemstones come from pegmatites, which are particularly coarse-grained igneous rocks C. A gemstone is a mineral that has value because of its rarity and beauty D. Ruby is a gemstone variety of the common mineral conundrum

In order to be considered precious or semiprecious, a gemstone must be transparent

Chemical bonding is responsible for many of the physical properties we observe in minerals. The following figure shows one such bond type. Please choose the correct name for the chemical bonds shown: A. Metallic B. Ionic C. Covalent D. Hydrogen

Ionic

Which if the following is FALSE? Formation of table salt A. Is, in mineralogic terms, formation of the halide mineral halite B. Results in cubic crystals C. Takes place when a solution has become saturated D. Is an example of a solidification of a melt

Is an example of a solidification of a melt

Which of the following is NOT a mineral A. Oil because its a liquid, not a solid B. A gold nugget, because its a native metal C. An oyster shell, because its not crystalline D. Pyrite, because it's a chemical compound

Oil because its a liquid, not a solid

Identify the FALSE statement: A. Crystals can be a variety of geometric shapes, including cubes, trapezoid, pyramids, octahedrons, hexagons, columns, blades and needles B. There's an angle of 120 degrees between each crystal face of the hexagonal column of a quartz crystal C. The faces of a crystal need to be the same size throughout the crystal, but the angle of intersection between comparable faces is the same throughout D. Polymorphs of the same mineral have the same crystal shape because they contain the same basic atoms bonded in the same way

Polymorphs of the same mineral have the same crystal shape because they contain the same basic atoms bonded in the same way

The following figure shows a sample of pyrite (FeS2). Which of the following statements can you verify by visual inspection of this sample? A. Pyrite has one plane of cleavage and is magnetic B. Pyrite has a golden streak and a cubic crystal habit C. Pyrite has metallic luster and a cubic crystal habit D. Pyrite has nonmetallic luster and 2 planes of cleavage

Pyrite has metallic luster and cubic crystal habit

An unknown mineral scratches glass, has only average specific gravity, and shows no cleavage but does show conchoidal fracture. Which of the following could it be. . . A. Quartz B. Talc C. Mica D. Halite

Quartz

Which if the following is a mineral A. Sugar B. Salt C. Amber D. Glass

Salt

To correctly identify a mineral, geologist run several tests to gather information about the minerals physical and chemical properties. Which test method is being demonstrated in the following figure A) Luster B) Streak C)Crystal habit D) Cleavage

Streak

When you scrape a mineral along a ceramic plate to observe the color of its powder, you are checking the physical property known as . . . A. Streak B. Specific gravity C. Cleavage D. Luster

Streak

The classes of silicate minerals differ from one another based on how the capital Si-O molecules are linked to each other. The image below shows many of the different arrangements. What shape is the best silicon-oxygen molecule that makes up these different arrangements? A. Tetrahedron B. Hexahedron C. Octahedron D. Decahedron

Tetrahedron

Graphite is . . . A. The polymorph of galena B. The "lead" in the pencil you write with C. Harder than glass D. Pure silicon

The "lead" in the pencil you write with

Which is NOT a physical property commonly used in the field to identify minerals. . . A. Color B. X-ray diffraction C. Luster D. Specific gravity

X-ray diffraction