VASCULAR ARTERIAL

PVR demonstrates a lack of dicrotic notch in the recordings at the thigh. Decreased pulses at the upper calf, and flat tracings at the ankle. The most likely interpretation of this study is: A. Aortic occlusion B. Mild iliofemoral, superficial femoral, and tibial artery occlusive disease C. Severe iliofemoral, superficial femoral, and tibial artery occlusive disease D. Mild iliofemoral, superficial femoral, and severe tibial artery occlusive disease E. Mild iliofemoral stenosis, severe superficial femoral stenosis or occlusion, and severe infrapopliteal occlusive disease

e. mild iliofemoral stenosis, severe superficial femoral stenosis or occlusion, and severe infrapopliteal occlusive disease

a normal response of ankle pressure to exercise testing (such as treadmill) is: A. A gradual decrease of 50% over five to ten minutes B. A gradual increase of 50% over five to ten minutes C. A dramatic decrease, at least 50% in normals D. A dramatic increase, 50% or more E. No change

e. no change

normal values in TcPO2 assessment are: A. 60-80 mmHg B. 10-20 mmHg C. Not yet established D. Approximately 760 mmHg (atmospheric pressure) E. 0 mmHg, changing to 10-20 mmHg with O2 challenge

a. 60-80 mmHg

what risk factor for arterial disease cannot be controlled? a) Age b) Hypertension c) Hyperlipidemia d) Diabetes

a. age

a diabetic patient with redness of the skin in the foot and toe probably has: A. An infection B. Low central temperature C. Increased sympathetic tone D. Emboli E. Popliteal aneurysm

a. an infection

the ankle/arm index is obtained by dividing the: A. Ankle pressure by the higher brachial pressure B. Ankle pressure by the lower brachial pressure C. Higher of the two brachial pressures by ankle pressure D. Lower of the two brachial pressures by ankle pressure E. Ankle pressure average of the two brachial pressures

a. ankle pressure by the higher brachial pressure

the innominate artery is a branch of the: A. Aortic arch B. Brachiocephalic artery C. Subclavian artery D. Common carotid artery

a. aortic arch

a common evaluation for advanced lower extremity ischemia involves raising the supine patient's leg and them having the patient sit and dangle the leg. A positive result is described as: A. Elevation pallor, dependent rubor B. Elevation rubor, dependent cyanosis C. Elevation pallor, dependent cyanosis D. Elevation rubor, dependent pallor E. Elevation paresthesia, dependent pain

a. elevation pallor, dependent rubor

patients referred for testing with a diagnosis of ischemic rest pain may complain of: A. Foot pain with the legs in a horizontal position relieved by standing or by "dangling" the foot in a dependent position B. A "numbing" weakness produced by standing C. Irregularly occurring nighttime foot pain D. "Tingling" in the foot that is relieved by elevation

a. foot pain with the legs in a horizontal position relieved by standing or by dangling the foot in a dependent position

a pt with mild claudication like symptoms has an ABI for the affected leg of 1.02. this finding: A. Is an incomplete evaluation of this patient B. Rules out the presence of any arterial disease C. Demonstrates calcific arteries D. Indicates the disease is limited to the tibial arteries E. Implicates neurogenic claudication as the cause of symptoms

a. is an incomplete evaluation of this patient

Distal to an aortoiliac occlusion, the common femoral signal is: A. Low pitched and monophasic B. Hard to distinguish from a pulsatile venous signal C. High-pitched D. Multiphasic E. Biphasic

a. low pitched and monophasic

in the presence of tibial arterial calcification in the diabetic patient, the ankle/arm index: A. May be in the normal range or abnormally decreased, yet falsely elevated B. May be in the abnormal range yet falsely reduced C. Is reliable unless immeasurable because of arterial incompressibility D. Is always nondiagnostic E. Cannot be in the normal range

a. may be in the normal range or abnormally decreased, yet falsely elevated

rubor is defined as: A. Red skin color B. Abnormal stiffness of digits C. Thickened, wrinkled skin D. Small, purple areas of discoloration on the dorsum of the foot E. Slackening of the muscles of the ischemic foot

a. red skin color

one of the following arteries normally has a lower pulse amplitude than the other: A. Aorta B. Iliac artery C. Femoral artery D. Popliteal artery

aorta

the key technology in arterial pneumoplethysmography is: A. Two photocells monitoring subcutaneous color changes B. A pressure transducer monitoring cuff pressure over a limb C. A large air cuff enclosing the entire calf D. A silastic tube filled with mercury that changes resistance with changes of limb circumference E. Two pairs of electrode bands monitoring impedance changes in a limb segment

b. a pressure transducer monitoring cuff pressure over a limb

a vibration noted while palpating pulses is called: A. A scintillation B. A thrill C. A pulse D. A buzz E. A bruit

b. a thrill

doppler waveform abnormalities include: A. variations in the waveform configuration that are present at other sites B. An absent flow-reversal component, blunting of the peak velocity, and prolonged upslope and downslope C. Decreased peak-to-peak amplitude D. the presence of a Dicrotic notch on the downslope

b. an absent flow-reversal component, blunting of the peak velocity, and prolonged upslope and downslope

Common sites for auscultation of bruits in the lower extremity circulation include all EXCEPT: A. Popliteal space B. Dorsum of foot C. Abdomen D. Groin E. All are common auscultatory sites

b. dorsum of the foot

Computed tomography is useful in the lower extremities primarily for detection of: A. Artreriovenous malformation B. Femoral or popliteal aneurysm C. Esophageal varices D. Arterial occlusion E. Venous thrombosis

b. femoral or popliteal aneurysm

in a study of the upper extremities, PVR shows lack of dicrotic notch at all levels of a patient with warm hands and fingers bilaterally. The patient: A. Has a lacunar stroke B. Is vasodilated C. Has bilateral subclavian artery stenosis D. Is vasoconstricted E. Has had a sympathectomy in the past

b. is vasodilated

what layer of the arterial wall is the thickest, and has connective tissue and smooth muscle to give it strength? a) Intima b) Media c) Adventitia d) Capillary

b. media

A 54 yo male relates a history of calf and thigh pain, the right worse than the left. The pain resolves upon sitting down. The pain usually starts after the first few steps of walking, but does not limit the patient's ability to walk 3 blocks. Since he never walks more than this distance, he cannot relate that he would have to stop at a greater distance. Some days the pain is quite mild. The etiology of these symptoms can be: A. Bilateral iliac artery disease B. Bilateral superficial femoral and profunda disease C. Abdominal aortic disease D. A, B, and C are potential etiologies E. These symptoms are not typical of vascular disease

e. these symptoms are not typical of vascular disease

Your segmental pressure indicate 126 mmHG at the high thigh, 144 at the low thigh, and 120 at the below knee level. These findings might be the result of all EXCEPT: A. Poor cuff application B. calcified arteries in a diabetic patient C. SFA obstruction D. Cuff artifact E. All are possible causes

c. SFA obstruction

which one of the following conditions will cause and increase in the pulse amplitude of the arterial pressure wave? A. Young age B. A decrease in left ventricular function C. An increase in peripheral resistance D. Mild atherosclerosis E. Vasodilation secondary to heating

c. an increase in peripheral resistance

the term cyanosis describes: A. Loss of hair growth due to chronic ischemia B. Pale skin due to ischemia C. Blue color of tissue due to ischemia D. Red color of tissue due to ischemia E. Thickening of toenails due to chronic ischemia

c. blue color of tissue due to ischemia

which of the following is not a branch off the aortic arch? a) Innominate b) Left subclavian c) Celiac axis d) Brachiocephalic

c. celiac axis

parameters usually assessed in exercise testing include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Patient complaint of leg pain during exercise B. Magnitude of pressure drop C. Changes in thigh-to-ankle index D. Time required for recovery to pre-stress pressure level E. Length of time of exercise

c. changes in the thigh to ankle index

patients presenting with symptoms of claudication complain of: A. Numbing weakness in the legs while standing B. Pain in hips or knees not relieved by rest C. Cramping pain in the calf, thigh, or buttocks with exercise and relieved by rest D. Nocturnal muscle cramps

c. cramping in the calf, thigh, or buttocks with exercise and relieved by rest

which technique is LEAST likely to be used to record digital pulses or changes in arterial volume? A. Pneumatic technique B. Air plethysmography C. Duplex ultrasonography D. Photoplethysmography E. Strain gauge

c. duplex US

a patient with a history of rest pain, 100-foot calf and thigh claudication, and an ulcer on the great toe of the left foot has an ankle pressure of >300 mmHG. This result is: A. Elevated due to a cuff that is too narrow B. Consistent with small vessel disease C. Erroneous due to probable arterial calcification D. Diagnostic of a diabetic foot E. Demonstrable of severe hypertension

c. erroneous due to probable arterial calcification

a patient presenting with ischemic rest pain complains of: A. A weakness produced with standing B. Numbness in the foot relieved by elevation C. Foot pain when supine, relieved by standing D. foot pain at night occurring occasionally

c. foot pain when supine, relieved by standing

which one of the following changes occurs in the peripheral blood flow of limbs with obstructive arterial disease in response to laboratory induced ischemia (reactive hyperemia procedure) or exercise? A. Cardiac output is reduced B. Flow decreases in order to redistribute blood volume to the central circulation C. Hyperemia is prolonged in obstructed limbs in comparison to limbs with not obstruction D. Peripheral resistance is increased due to muscle contraction E. Flow increases more in obstructed limbs than in limbs with no obstruction

c. hyperemia is prolonged in obstructed limbs in comparison to limbs without obstruction

the type of revascularization surgery that requires the use of valvulatome is: B. Side-to-side synthetic graft C. In situ saphenous graft D. Graft vein taken from upper extremity E. Reversed saphenous graft F. End-to-side synthetic graft

c. in situ saphenous graft

a clenched fist will change the following parameter in the brachial artery doppler waveform: A. increase the average velocity B. Increase diastolic flow C. Increase the pulsatility index D. Decrease the pulsatility index E. Decrease systolic flow

c. increase the pulsatility index

hypertensive patients may notice worsening of claudication symptoms when their blood pressure is being controlled because: A. controlled hypertensives frequently experience pseudoclaudication that mimics worsening of their symptoms B. Controlled hypertensives are anticoagulated, leading to a decrease in cellular oxygenation C. Increased systemic pressure forces more blood through the obstructed arterial tree when hypertension is uncontrolled D. Atherosclerosis rapidly worsens when hypertension is under control E. Controlled hypertensives do not notice worsening of claudication because decreased systemic pressure permits increased flow to the obstructed arterial tree

c. increased systemic pressure forces more blood through the obstructed arterial tree when hypertension is uncontrolled

a 4 level pressure cuff technique is used to assess arterial disease in the legs. The high thigh pressure is 140 mmHG, with an arm pressure or 160. All of the following lesions can cause this except: A. Common iliac or external iliac artery disease B. Significant aortic stenosis C. Isolated profunda femoral artery disease D. Common femoral artery disease E. Superficial femoral plus profunda artery occlusion

c. isolated profunda femoral artery disease

the deep palmar arch is located: a) distally over the metacarpals b) Over the metatarsals c) Over the proximal aspect of the palm d) Distally to the dorsalis pedis artery

c. over the proximal aspect of the palm

ischemic ulcers (lesions) have which of the following characteristics: A. Pain is mild an is relieved by elevation B. They are completely painless but bleed with manipulation and are located over pressure points or calluses C. Pain is severe; lesions are commonly located distally over the dorsum of the foot D. They are caused by pathogenic organisms

c. pain is severe, lesions are commonly located distally over the dorsum of the foot

while monitoring of the femorodistal bypass graft using duplex US, the graft may be at risk of failure if: A. The ankle blood pressure stays the same B. The graft velocity has been around 30 cm/sec for over three years since its implantation C. The graft velocity has dropped from 70 cm/sec, as measured 6 months earlier, to 30 cm/sec D. The graft velocity is 130 cm/sec E. The graft velocity is more than 45 cm/sec

c. the graft velocity has dropped from 70 cm/sec, as measured 6 months earlier, to 30 cm/sec

tunica intima refers to one of the following in the arterial wall: A. The middle layer B. The outer lining C. The inner layer D. Circumferential muscle fibers

c. the inner layer

ischemic ulcers (lesions) are: A. Very painful and are usually located around the malleolus B. Caused by pathogenic organisms C. Very painful and commonly located distally over the dorsum of the foot D. Completely painless but bleed with manipulation and are located over pressure points or calluses E. Only mildly painful and relieved by elevation

c. very painful and commonly located distally over the dorsum of the foot

your segmental pressure readings disclose a 36 mmHG decrease in pressure from the low thigh to the below knee anterior tibial artery, and a 10 mmHg decrease from low thigh to below the knee posterior tibial artery. These findings localize obstruction to the: A. Posterior tibial artery B. Distal superficial femoral artery C. Popliteal artery D. Anterior tibial artery E. Peroneal artery

d. ATA

assessment of palmar arch patency is useful: A. When evaluating a patient with suspected subclavian steal B. Before placement of an artreriovenous arm shunt C. To evaluate blood flow to the digital arteries D. B and C E. A and B

d. B and C

which statement is correct regarding digital subtraction arteriography (DSA)?

d. a mask, often without contrast, is selected to be subtracted from the frames obtained during injection of the contrast solution

what is a bruit? a) An occlusion b) A stenosis c) Flow turbulence d) A noise

d. a noise

when assessing a digital artery with doppler, patency of the palmar arch can be determined by: A. Compressing the radial artery while listening for changes in the digital artery signal B. Compressing the ulnar artery while listening for changes in the digital artery signal C. Compressing the brachial artery while listening for changes in the digital artery signal D. Alternately compressing the radial and ulnar arteries while listening for changes in the digital artery signal E. Inflating a digital cuff to suprasystolic pressure

d. alternately compressing the radial and ulnar arteries while listening for changes in the digital artery signal

while performing a treadmill test, the patient complains of pain in the left arm and jaw, but denies any other pain. The examiner should consider that this could possibly be: A. Carotid artery disease B. Arm claudication C. Unimportant symptoms D. Angina E. Subclavian steal

d. angina

Your segmental pressure readings indicate the following: Rt. brachial: 144 mmHg Lt. brachial: 140 Rt. high thigh: 110 Lt. high thigh: 164 These findings could result from all of the following EXCEPT: A. Right common iliac obstruction B. Right common femoral obstruction C. Right external iliac obstruction D. Aortoiliac obstruction E. Right proximal superficial femoral obstruction

d. aortoiliac obstruction

which of the following is NOT correct regarding peripheral arterial angiography? A. There are problems with vessel overlap using angiography B. It is frequently used prior to elective operation for peripheral arterial occlusive disease C. Digital subtraction angiography may be performed with intravenous or intraarterial injections D. Arteriography is used for routine postoperative follow-up E. Contrast reactions are less of a problem than in years past

d. arteriography is used for routine post op followup

Early atherosclerosis of the lower extremities will be associated with: A. Blue toe B. Rest pain C. Pregangrene D. Claudication E. Swelling

d. claudication

exercise induces peripheral vasodilation in the microcirculation which (select one): A. Decreases blood flow B. Is not influenced by sympathetic innervation C. Increases the distal peripheral resistance D. Decreases the distal peripheral resistance

d. decreases the distal peripheral resistance

the radial artery terminates at the: a) Digital artery b) Superficial palmar arch c) Brachial artery d) Deep palmar arch

d. deep palmar arch

the risk of claudication in diabetic patients is: A. Close to 10% if the risk in the general population B. Claudication is not an ischemic symptom for diabetics C. Equal to the risk in the general population D. Greater than 4 times the risk in the general population E. Lower than that in the general population

d. greater than 4 times the risk in the general population

at what anatomic level does the axillary artery become the brachial artery? a) Elbow b) Wrist c) Sternum d) Head of humerus

d. head of the humerus

all of the following cause vasodilation of a high resistance bed EXCEPT: A. Stenosis B. Body heating C. Exercise D. Hyperventilation

d. hyperventilation

when the external iliac artery passes underneath this structure, it becomes the CFA: A. Gastrocnemius muscle B. Adductor canal C. Psoas muscle D. Inguinal ligament

d. inguinal ligament

which statement probably does NOT describe aspects of Raynaud's disease? A. Sequential white, blue, then eventually red color changes in toes when the foot is immersed in cold water B. Sequential white, blue, then eventually red color changes in fingers when the hand is immersed in cold water C. Decreased pressures when the hand is immersed in cold water D. Normal digital pressures when the hand is immersed in cold water E. Normal wrist pressure when the hand is immersed in cold water

d. normal digital pressures when the hand is immersed in cold water

ulcers due to arterial insufficiency are found most often: A. In the gaiter area, near the medial malleolus B. Behind the knee C. Over the lesion, usually along Hunter's canal D. On toes and distal foot E. Mid calf

d. on the toes and distal foot

all of the following vessels are palpable except: A. Popliteal artery B. Femoral artery C. Posterior tibial artery D. Peroneal artery

d. peroneal artery

a 28 yo male complains of exercise induced cramping of the right calf that occurs after walking 6 blocks and is relieved within 5 mins of rest. Bounding pedal pulses are noted and resting ankle pressures are normal. the symptoms are reproduced with exercise. the ankle pressure remains normal on the left but drops to 40 mmHG on the right. These signs are consistent with: A. Deep venous thrombosis B. Compartment syndrome C. Occlusion of the superficial femoral artery D. Popliteal entrapment E. Coarctation of the aorta A. Deep venous thrombosis B. Compartment syndrome C. Occlusion of the superficial femoral artery D. Popliteal entrapment E. Coarctation of the aorta

d. popliteal entrapment

auscultation of the abdomen, aortoiliac, and common femoral areas is important because: A. Only significant stenosis can cause bruits B. Abdominal bruits are significant because they are usually radiating from the aortic arch C. Absence of a bruit suggests absence of arterial disease D. Presence of a bruit may be the first indication of arterial disease E. B, C, and D

d. presence of a bruit may be the first indication of arterial disease

arteriography would be containdicated or approached very cautiously in a patient with: A. Cancer B. Mad cow disease C. Peripheral vascular disease D. Renal failure E. Diabetes mellitus

d. renal failure

mean velocity cannot be used as a determinant of arterial disease because: A. The mean velocity value progressively diminishes distally from the heart B. The value of mean velocity is extremely difficult to obtain C. It varies inconsistently with heart rate and general patient status D. The peripheral vasomotor adjustment tends to maintain mean flow even in the presence of arterial disease

d. the peripheral vasomotor adjustment tends to maintain mean flow even in the presence of arterial disease

the most important reason doppler evaluations should be performed with the patient in a basal state and warm temperature is: A. The results can be expected to vary from day to day B. Metabolic activity is increased, making results more reliable C. The exam will be easier to perform D. The results are influenced by the patient's peripheral resistance E. The results are influenced by the pressure differential found in each vessel

d. the results are influenced by the patient' peripheral resistance

which of the following statements regarding popliteal aneurysms is false? A. They pose a significant risk of limb loss due to embolism or occlusion B. They pose a significant risk to the patient related to rupture C. Claudication is a rare symptom D. They are found bilaterally in<10% of cases where they exist E. They can cause symptoms related to compression of contiguous structures

d. they are found bilaterally in <10% of cases where they exist

a pt. with a 50% diameter stenosis in a lower extremity vein graft. The systolic velocity at the stenosis: A. Is greater than 150 cm/sec, less than 240 cm/sec B. Will be 50% higher than the prestenotic velocity C. Is less than 45 cm/sec D. Will be 100% greater than the prestenotic velocity followed by a drop in velocity E. Is the same as the velocities measured distally in the graft

d. will be 100% greater than the the prestenotic velocity followed by a drop in velocity

You are performing CW doppler on a pt's lower extremity arteries. You obtain a signal at the prox DP level. When you move proximally, the signal becomes higher in pitch. This could be the result of all EXCEPT: A. You have moved over a segment of the artery which is going deeper B. You are pushing too hard on the probe, artificially narrowing the artery under it C. You have moved over a stenotic area D. You have stood the probe up, increasing the angle of incidence E. You have leaned the probe back, decreasing the angle of incidence

d. you have stood the probe up, increasing the angle of incidence

Match the symptoms with the likely ankle arm index: 1. Claudication 2. Rest pain a. ABI > 1.30 b. ABI between 1.0-1.30.04 c. ABI between 0.5-0.9 d. ABI < 0.5 A. 1-b and 2-c B. 1-b and 2-d C. 1-a and 2-d D. 1-c and 2-a E. 1-c and 2-d

e. 1 - c and 2 - d

Common signs of advanced arterial insufficiency of the lower extremity include: A. Thickening of the toenails B. Dependent rubor C. Dermatitis with skin pigmentation D. Loss of hair growth over the dorsum of the toes and feet E. A, B, and D

e. A B and D

a normal ankle-pressure response to reactive hyperemia is: A. A gradual increase of approximately 50% B. A quick, transient drop of greater then 50% C. A gradual decrease of approximately 50% D. A transient increase of approximately 50% E. A transient decrease of approximately 20%

e. a transient decrease of approximately 20%

delayed return of the capillary blush after pressure on the pulp of the digit is a sign of: A. Hyperlipidemia B. Hypercholesterolemia C. Venous occlusive disease D. Thoracic outlet syndrome E. Advanced ischemia

e. advanced ischemia

patients with arterial peripheral vascular disease exhibit which of the following skin changes: A. Shiny, scaly skin B. Pallor on elevation C. Dependent rubor D. Pigmentation E. All except D

e. all except D

patients found to have ulcerating lesions or gangrene may have which of the following diseases: A. Venous disease B. Neuropathy C. Arterial insufficiency D. Vasospasm E. All of the above

e. all of the above

possible errors that can occur when recording a femoral arterial waveform using CW include: A. Recording two vessels simultaneously B. Using an improper probe frequency C. Insonating an artery other than the intended one D. B and C only E. All of the above

e. all of the above

the common radiologic terms "inflow, outflow, and runoff" refer respectively to: A. Arterial side, venous side, and perforating veins B. Arterial side, capillaries, and venous side C. Right heart, pulmonary bed, and systemic circulation D. Upper extremity, lower extremity, and torso arteries E. Aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and trifurcation arteries

e. aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and trifurcation arteries

the upper extremity vein most commonly used for an arterial bypass in the leg is the: A. Axillary vein B. Brachial vein C. Radial vein D. Basilic vein E. Cephalic vein

e. cephalic vein

the symptom or sign most likely not associated with acute arterial occlusion is: A. Blue toe B. Paresthesia C. Pale or white extremity D. Pain of sudden onset E. Claudication

e. claudication

the usual site of puncture for percutaneous lower extremity (or any) angiography is: A. Brachial artery B. Posterior tibial artery C. Internal jugular vein D. Axillary artery E. Common femoral artery

e. common femoral artery

the velocities measured in a reversed saphenous vein bypass graft are usually: A. Unreliable due to vein-wall differences relative to a native artery B. The same throughout the graft C. Lower proximally and higher distally D. Greater than 100 cm/sec throughout the graft E. Higher proximally and lower distally

e. higher proximally and lower distally

Anterior compartment syndrome is suspected in a trauma patient with a closed fracture of the fibula. Clinically the calf is tense and tender to palpation, and there is decreased sensation in the foot. The dorsalis pedis pulse is present, with an audible Triphasic Doppler signal. The dorsalis pedis pressure is 140mmHg, with an arm pressure of 130mmHg. Indicate the reason why this finding is unreliable in ruling out a diagnosis of compartment syndrome: A. Noninvasive testing is inadequate in this situation. Venous testing would be necessary to make the diagnosis B. Nerve and/or motor dysfunction due to compartment syndrome may occur without any alteration of arterial hemodynamics C. Dorsalis pedis flow is not via the anterior tibial compartment; thus one would not expect the signal to be altered D. Compartment syndrome is not related to closed fractures E. The posterior tibial or the peroneal artery may supply collateral flow such that the dorsalis pedis artery is unaffected

b. nerve and or motor dysfunction due to compartment syndrome may occur without any alteration of arterial hemodynamics

Rest pain is characterized by: A. Upper calf pain that goes away with leg dependency B. Pain at night in the forefoot or foot that may go away with leg dependency C. Upper calf pain D. Any calf pain that goes away with leg dependency E. Pain while walking that goes away with rest

b. pain at night in the forefoot or foot that may go away with leg dependency

a damped doppler velocity waveform of the subclavian artery isolates a significant lesion: A. Near the origin of the subclavian artery B. Proximal to the point of insonation C. At or distal to the brachial artery D. To the innominate artery E. To the vertebral artery

b. proximal to the point of insonation

the right high thigh pressure measurement is 108 mmHg, while the left high thigh is 142 mmHg. The brachial pressure is 122 mmHG. Of the following, this most likely suggests: A. Left femoral artery obstruction B. Right femoral artery obstruction C. Right popliteal artery obstruction D. Aortoiliac obstruction E. Left iliac artery obstruction

b. right femoral artery obstruction

an analog doppler waveform of the subclavian or axillary artery in a normal individual would typically resemble: A. A vertebral carotid artery waveform B. A common femoral or superficial femoral artery waveform C. A renal artery waveform D. A common carotid artery waveform E. None of the above

b. the common fem or superficial fem artery waveform

the volume flow rate in a reversed saphenous vein bypass graft should be: A. Lower proximally and higher distally B. The same throughout the graft C. Variable throughout the graft D. Higher proximally and lower distally E. Inversely proportional to the diameter of the graft

b. the same throughout the graft

which vein is NOT commonly used as a bypass graft? A. The cephalic vein B. The superficial femoral vein C. The lesser saphenous vein D. The greater saphenous vein E. The basilic vein

b. the superficial femoral vein

A pt. walks on the treadmill until forced to stop at 3 mins by left calf and thigh pain. The right leg was asymptomatic throughout the course of the testing. The following was obtained: Before exercise Right arm 150 Right pt 120 Left pt 120 mmHg After exercise Right arm 150 Right pt 75 Left pt 60 mmHg Which of the following statements is true? A. The patient has aortoiliac arterial disease B. There is arterial disease in both legs C. The arm pressure normally increases after treadmill testing, raising questions of the validity of these results D. Retest the patient in 15 minutes should result in a shorter walking time

b. there is arterial disease in both legs

the most effective lytic treatment for acute arterial thrombosis is: A. Heparin B. Urokinase or streptokinase C. Vasopressors D. Inotropic agents E. Sodium warfarin

b. urokinase or streptokinase

compared to patency rates in the iliac arteries, patency rates for angioplasty of the infrainguinal arteries are: A. Angioplasty is not preformed on infrainguinal arteries B. Worse C. Approximately equal D. Angioplasty is not preformed on iliac or infrainguinal arteries E. Better

b. worse