Vascular Board Exam Review
Which is not a risk factor for DVT? A) Age B) Cancer C) Surgery D) Smoking E) Bed rest
A) Age
Pulse sites commonly palpated in the lower extremity include all of the following except: A) Peroneal B) Common femoral C) Posterior tibial D) Anterior tibial E) Popliteal
A) Peroneal
All of the following are consistent with total occlusion of the internal carotid artery except the: A) Retrograde flow in the distal ICA lumen B) Absence of flow in the ICA lumen C) Decreased velocity proximal to the occlusion D) Increase in flow through collateral vessels E) Inability to be surgically reconstructed
A) Retrograde flow in the distal ICA lumen
The etiology of arterial aneurysms includes all of the following except: A) Saccular B) Syphilitic C) Degenerative D) Inflammatory E) Congenital
A) Saccular
Which of the following is not found on or near the foot? A) The circumflex a. B) All are found on or near the foot C) The peroneal a. D) The posterior tibial a. E) The dorsalis pedis a.
A) The circumflex a.
A velocity obtained in the mid superficial femoral artery is 255 cm/sec, while a measurement just proximal to this site was recorded at 90 cm/sec. This suggests: A) >50% SFA stenosis B) >80% SFA stenosis C) Mild SFA stenosis D) SFA occlusion E) SFA aneurysm
>50% SFA stenosis
In handheld TCD, the angle of the beam relative to flow is assumed to be: A) 0 degrees B) 30 degrees C) 60 degrees D) 90 degrees E) 45 degrees
A) 0 degrees
The usual instrumentation for handheld TCD includes a probe with an operating frequency of: A) 2 MHz B) 10 KHz C) 5 MHz D) 7.5 MHz E) 10 MHz
A) 2 MHz
A 75% cross-sectional area arterial stenosis corresponds to a diameter reduction of: A) 50% B) 75% C) 95% D) 60% E) 40%
A) 50%
The standard cuff pressure used in arterial pulse volume recording is: A) 65 mmHg B) 100 mmHg C) 10 mmHg D) Dependent on patient size E) Suprasystolic
A) 65 mmHg
Which of these patients would least likely be considered at high risk for deep venous thrombosis? A) A 75-year-old woman admitted for transient ischemic attack B) A 62-year-old woman with a fractured hip C) A 36-year-old man with Hodgkin's disease D) An 18-year-old male recovering from multiple injuries sustained in a motorcycle accident E) A 72-year-old, overweight woman with congestive heart failure
A) A 75-year-old woman admitted for transient ischemic attack
A PTFE graft can be identified during ultrasonographic imaging by: A) A double-line appearance of the graft walls B) A single-line appearance of the graft walls C) A distinct color flow pattern D) The graft cannot be identified ultrasonographically E) A zigzag appearance of the graft walls
A) A double-line appearance of the graft walls
Doppler examination alone, without B mode, is unlikely to detect the presence of venous thrombosis in: A) A peroneal vein B) The popliteal vein C) The subclavian vein D) The femoral vein E) The common femoral vein
A) A peroneal vein
A pulsatile mass in the groin after catheterization of a cardiac patient most likely will be: A) A pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery B) A false aneurysm of the femoral vein C) A hematoma D) A femoral artery aneurysm E) An arteriovenous fistula
A) A pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery
A long, brightly-echogenic streak is noted in the common femoral vein, which is otherwise patent and compressible. It moves with probe compression and appears to move with venous flow. This is most likely: A) A remnant of recanalized DVT B) Acute thrombosis in evolution C) Embolic material from an aneurysmal popliteal vein D) An artifact due to excessive imaging gain and reverberation E) A valve leaflet
A) A remnant of recanalized DVT
A vibration noted while palpating pulses is called: A) A thrill B) A buzz C) A bruit D) A scintillation E) A pulse
A) A thrill
What is the most common anomaly of the circle of Willis? A) Absence of hypoplasia of one or both of the communicating arteries B) Absence of one of the middle cerebral arteries C) Duplication of the posterior communicating arteries D) Hypoplasia of the proximal segment of one of the anterior cerebral arteries E) Duplication of the middle cerebral arteries
A) Absence of hypoplasia of one or both of the communicating arteries
Thrombosis that appears on duplex scan to be dark, homogeneous in character and poorly attached to the venous wall suggests: A) Acute thrombosis B) Old, partially recanalized thrombosis C) Artifactual echoes D) Acoustic "doubling" of the image due to the presence of a strong interface E) A nondiagnostic image
A) Acute thrombosis
The angle-correct cursor for velocity estimates is best: A) Adjusted parallel to flow and 60 degrees or less B) Adjusted perpendicular to flow and 60 degrees or less C) Adjusted 0 degrees throughout for maximum frequency shift D) Adjusted 60 degrees at all times regardless of vessel direction E) Left off to avoid measurement errors
A) Adjusted parallel to flow and 60 degrees or less
Delayed return of the capillary blush after the pulp of the digit has been compressed and released is a sign of: A) Advanced ischemia B) Thoracic outlet syndrome C) Venous occlusive disease D) Hyperlipidemia E) Hypercholesterolemia
A) Advanced ischemia
Regarding venous valves, which is false? A) Allow flow only away from the heart B) Essential to muscle pump C) Bicuspid D) Endothelial tissue E) Have sinuses to facilitate closure
A) Allow flow only away from the heart
Doppler waveform abnormalities in the lower extremity arterial circulation distal to a hemodynamically significant stenosis include: A) An absent flow reversal component, blunting of the peak velocity and prolonged upstroke and downslope B) Absent Doppler signal C) A triphasic waveform D) Increased peak-to-peak amplitude E) The presence of a dicrotic notch on the downslope
A) An absent flow reversal component, blunting of the peak velocity and prolonged upstroke and downslope
A diabetic patient with redness of the skin in the foot and toe probably has: A) An infection B) Emboli C) Increased sympathetic tone D) Low central pressure E) Popliteal aneurysm
A) An infection
The popliteal trifurcation is actually a double bifurcation; select the pairs forming these two bifurcations: A) Anterior tibial a. and tibioperoneal trunk; then posterior tibial a. and peroneal a. B) Posterior tibial a. and tibioperoneal trunk; then anterior tibial a. and peroneal a. C) Peroneal and tibioperoneal trunk; then posterior tibial a. and anterior tibial a. D) Anterior tibial a. and popliteal a.; then posterior tibial a. and peroneal a. E) Posterior tibial a. and popliteal a.; then anterior tibial a. and peroneal a.
A) Anterior tibial a. and tibioperoneal trunk; then posterior tibial a. and peroneal a.
Most often, the settings for venous color flow imaging of the lower extremities: A) Are different than any of the others listed here B) Are the same as those for abdominal venous scanning C) Are the same as those for peripheral arterial studies D) Are the same as those for carotid scanning E) Are the same as those for abdominal arterial scanning
A) Are different than any of the others listed here
Which of the following is not true regarding atherosclerosis? A) Atherosclerosis is a red blood cell disease B) Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease C) Atherosclerosis usually develops at bifurcations D) Atherosclerosis starts as a breakdown of the intima E) Intimal damage may begin in adolescence
A) Atherosclerosis is a red blood cell disease
In TCD, the normal direction of flow in the vertebral artery is: A) Away from the beam B) Toward the beam C)Bidirectional D) Dependent on the cardiac cycle E) Not detectable with TCD
A) Away from the beam
The vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian arteries to unite and for the: A) Basilar a. B) Ophthalmic a. C) Anterior cerebral a. D) Posterior communicating a. E) Superficial temporal a.
A) Basilar a.
The term cyanosis describes: A) Blue color of tissue due to ischemia B) Red color of tissue due to hyperemia C) Pale skin due to ischemia D) Thickening of toenails due to chronic ischemia E) Loss of hair due to chronic ischemia
A) Blue color of tissue due to ischemia
In an emergency room patient with stroke symptoms, the initial diagnostic exam of choice would likely be: A) CT B) MRI C) Carotid duplex D) Cerebral angiography E) Radionucleotide study
A) CT
The NASCET trial indicated that the best treatment for carotid stenosis in the symptomatic patient is: A) Carotid endarterectomy for stenosis greater than 70% in diameter B) Carotid endarterectomy for stenosis greater than 70% in area C) Aspirin for stenosis greater than 70% in diameter D) Aspirin for stenosis greater than 70% in area E) Warfarin for stenosis less than 70% in diameter
A) Carotid endarterectomy for stenosis greater than 70% in diameter
If a hypertensive patient has experienced multiple TIAs and has a 80% diameter stenosis of the internal carotid artery on the side referable to the symptoms: A) Carotid endarterectomy is probably recommended B) Treatment of hypertension must be initiated immediately C) Diabetes must be diagnosed D) Renal artery stenosis should be treated first E) Hypertension is not a significant risk factor in the development of carotid occlusive disease
A) Carotid endarterectomy is probably recommended
The upper extremity vein most commonly used for an arterial bypass in the leg is: A) Cephalic vein B) Basilic vein C) Brachial vein D) Axillary vein E) Radial vein
A) Cephalic vein
The most common arterial puncture site for all forms of angiography is the: A) Common femoral a. B) Brachial a. C) Axillary a. D) Dorsal a. E) Depends on the area of the body being studied
A) Common femoral a.
Pulsatile lower extremity venous Doppler signals would be associated with: A) Congestive heart failure B) Severe superficial vein valvular insufficiency C) CVA D) Deep vein thrombosis E) Acute arterial occlusion
A) Congestive heart failure
Because of the location of the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein: A) Crosses anterior to the aorta and inferior to the left renal artery B) Crosses posterior to the aorta and proximal to the left renal artery C) Crosses posterior to the aorta and distal to the left renal artery D) Does not cross the aorta E) Is displaced superior to the origin of the celiac axis
A) Crosses anterior to the aorta and inferior to the left renal artery
The left common iliac vein: A) Crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation B) Crosses posterior to the left common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation C) Crosses anterior to the left common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation D) Crosses anterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation E) Does not cross either common iliac artery
A) Crosses posterior to the right common iliac artery just distal to the aortic bifurcation
One complication of deep venous canalization is: A) Damage to venous valves, allowing reflux B) Embolization of thrombus C) Less prominent superficial veins D) Pain in the area of thrombus E) Thickening of toenails and loss of hair
A) Damage to venous valves, allowing reflux
What information cannot be determined by cerebrovascular angiography? A) Degree of narrowing of ICA by cross-sectional area B) Degree of narrowing by ICA diameter C) Presence of ulceration D) Total occlusion of ICA E) Crossover collateralization from contralateral hemisphere
A) Degree of narrowing of ICA by cross-sectional area
A patient with a history of rest pain, 100-foot calf and thigh claudication and an ulcer on the great toe of the left foot has a left ankle pressure >200mmHg. This result is: A) Diagnostic of a diabetic foot B) Erroneous due to probable venous calcification C) Consistent with small vessel disease D) Demonstrable of severe hypertension E) Elevated due to a cuff that is too narrow
A) Diagnostic of a diabetic foot
A symptom of vertebrobasilar insufficiency is: A) Diplopia B) Unilateral paresis C) Aphasia D) Amaurosis fugax E) None of these options are symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency
A) Diplopia
Of the following vein segments, which is imaged least commonly? A) Distal deep femoral v. B) Distal femoral v. C) Proximal deep femoral v. D) Distal popliteal v. E) Common femoral v.
A) Distal deep femoral v.
A common evaluation for advanced lower extremity ischemia involves raising the supine patient's leg and then having the patient sit and dangle the leg. A positive result is describe as: A) Elevation pallor, dependent rubor B) Elevation rubor, dependent pallor C) Elevation parathesia, dependent pain D) Elevation rubor, dependent cyanosis E) Elevation pallor, dependent cyanosis
A) Elevation pallor, dependent rubor
Which of the following is an anterior circulation symptom? A) Facial asymmetry B) Binocular visual disturbance C) Syncope D) Drop attack E) Ataxia
A) Facial asymmetry
Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis? A) Female gender B) Hypertension C) Diabetes mellitus D) Lipoprotein abnormalities E) Tobacco use
A) Female gender
Peripheral resistance increases with: A) Greater length, smaller diameter and higher blood viscosity B) Shorter length, smaller diameter and lower blood viscosity C) Shorter length, larger diameter and lower blood viscosity D) Greater length, larger diameter and higher blood viscosity E) Greater length, smaller diameter and lower blood viscosity
A) Greater length, smaller diameter and higher blood viscosity
The agent of choice in the initial management of pulmonary embolism is: A) Heparin B) Strepokinase C) Urokinase D) Coumadin E) Tissue plasminogen activator
A) Heparin
The strongest risk factor for stroke is: A) Hypertension B) Obesity C) Hypocholesterolemia D) Alcohol abuse E) Poor diet
A) Hypertension
Potential complications of venography include all of the following except: A) Iatrogenic CVA B) Thrombophlebitis C) Allergic reaction to contrast D) Toxicity to kidneys E) Arteriovenous fistula
A) Iatrogenic CVA
Ankle/arm indices in claudicating patients are usually: A) In the range of 0.5-0.9 B) In the range of 1.0-1.5 C) In the range of 0.1-0.3 D) Artificially elevated E) Not a useful tool for this condition
A) In the range of 0.5-0.9
Which of the following is not a useful flow adjustment in an effort to detect slow flow in a possibly occluded internal carotid artery? A) Increase color flow PRF B) Decrease color flow PRF C) Increase color flow gain D) Decrease color flow wall filter E) Decrease beam angle relative to the vessel
A) Increase color flow PRF
A left arm blood pressure that is 40 mmHg lower than the right can be the result of any of the following except: A) Innominate artery occlusion B) Left subclavian steal C) Left axillary artery embolus D) Thoracic outlet entrapment E) Left radiocephalic fistula for hemodialysis
A) Innominate artery occlusion
A patient with mild claudication-like symptoms has a resting ABI in the symptomatic leg of 1.02. This finding: A) Is an incomplete evaluation of this patient B) Indicates the disease is limited to the tibial arteries C) Rules out the presence of any arterial disease D) Demonstrates calcific arteries E) Implicates neurogenic claudication as the cause of symptoms
A) Is an incomplete evaluation of this patient
Which of the following is not correct regarding the greater saphenous vein? A) It passes superiorly on the lateral side of the knee B) It passes superiorly on the medial side of the thigh C) It enters the common femoral vein D) It extends distally to the dorsum of the foot E) It has more valves in the calf than in the thigh
A) It passes superiorly on the lateral side of the knee
Distal to an aortoiliac occlusion, the common femoral artery signal is typically: A) Low-pitched and monophasic B) Multiphasic C) Biphasic D) High-pitched E) Impossible to distinguish from a pulsatile venous signal
A) Low-pitched and monophasic
The endarterectomy procedure: A) May be used for obstructed lower extremity arteries B) Is used only for carotid stenosis C) Is never used for infrarenal arteries D) Is a relatively recent surgical option E) Is the treatment of choice for obstructed renal arteries
A) May be used for obstructed lower extremity arteries
Which of the following is not an artery in the circle of Willis? A) Middle communicating a. B) Anterior communicating a. C) Posterior communicating a. D) Anterior cerebral a. E) Middle cerebral a.
A) Middle communicating a.
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal aortic aneurysms is false? A) Most prerupture AAAs are discovered beacuse of abdominal symptoms or distal emboli B) Abdominal aneurysms pose a significant risk of rupture if > 6 cm in diameter C) Ultrasound imaging is the most frequently used modality for diagnosis of AAA D) Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are common modalities for the diagnosis of AAA E) AAAs are usually infrarenal
A) Most prerupture AAAs are discovered because of abdominal symptoms or distal emobli
Possible complications of vena cava interruption for recurrent pulmonary embolism include all of the following except: A) Night cramps B) Venous claudication C) Leg ulcers D) Edema E) Diminished cardiac output
A) Night cramps
Helical flow with flow separation in the posterolateral aspect of the carotid bulb is a sign of: A) Normal flow dynamics B) Thrombosis C) Dissection D) Stenosis E) Intraplaque hemorrhage
A) Normal flow dynamics
Reasons to perform reactive hyperemia instead of treadmill testing include all of the following except: A) Patient's inability to tolerate application of pressure cuffs B) Patient's inability to stand or walk C) Patient's poor cardiac status D) Patient has pulmonary problems E) Patient has severe disease in one leg, making exercise assessment of the contralateral leg difficult
A) Patient's inability to tolerate application of pressure cuffs
The best way to prepare a transducer for intraoperative use is: A) Place transducer and acoustic gel within a sterile sleeve B) Put transducer through minimum autoclave cycle C) Immerse the transducer in Cidex solution for 72 hours prior to procedure D) Wash transducer with antibacterial soap and warm water E) Place transducer in microwave for 30 seconds on high power
A) Place transducer and acoustic gel within a sterile sleeve
Unilateral claudication in the calf and foot of a young individual suggests: A) Popliteal artery entrapment B) Anterior tibial compartment syndrome C) "Restless" leg syndrome D) Lumbar disc disease E) Arteriosclerosis
A) Popliteal artery entrapment
Complaints of chronic unilateral lower extremity swelling, aching and a sense of heaviness most likely suggest: A) Postphlebitic syndrome B) Cardiac/systemic origin C) Lipidemia D) Primary varicose veins E) Venous ulceration
A) Postphlebitic syndrome
Which sign or symptom is least likely to be associated with arterial embolization? A) Progressive claudication B) Amaurosis fugax C) Popliteal aneurysm D) TIA E) Blue toe syndrome
A) Progressive claudication
The primary concern in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis is: A) Pulmonary embolism may occur B) Damage to venous valves may occur C) Venous hypertension may occlude arterial inflow D) Extension of deep venous thrombosis causes the patient severe pain E) Deep venous thrombosis causes the patient severe pain
A) Pulmonary embolism may occur
A transient ischemic attack: A) Resolves within 24 hours B) Resolves within 72 hours C) Resolves in one week D) Resolves after 24 hours E) Does not resolve in 24 hours
A) Resolves within 24 hours
The superior vena cava is formed by the confluence of the: A) Right and left brachiocephalic veins B) Right and left subclavian veins C) Inferior vena cava and right innominate vein D) Innominate and right subclavian veins E) Innominate and left subclavian veins
A) Right and left brachiocephalic veins
The right high-thigh pressure measurement is 108 mmHg, while the left high-thigh pressure is 142 mmHg. Brachial pressure is 122 mmHg. These findings most likely suggest: A) Right common femoral artery obstruction B) Left profunda femoral artery obstruction C) Aortoiliac obstruction D) Left iliac artery obstruction E) Right popliteal artery obstruction
A) Right common femoral artery obstruction
The Valsalva maneuver: A) Slows down or stops venous flow everywhere in the body B) Increases pressure in the thoracic cavity, decreases pressure in the abdominal cavity C) Decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity, increases pressure in the abdominal cavity D) Increases venous flow everywhere in the body E) Affects arterial, not venous flow
A) Slows down or stops venous flow everywhere in the body
Which artery is the left branch of the celiac trunk? A) Splenic a. B) Hepatic a. C) Left gastric a. D) Gastroduodenal a. E) The relative size of the branches varies too widely to say with certainty
A) Splenic a.
The arterial pulsations felt in front of the ear and just above the zygomatic arch are from which artery? A) Superficial temporal a. B) Maxillary a. C) Transverse facial a. D) Facial a. E) Occipital a.
A) Superficial temporal a.
Venous refilling time by photoplethsymography was 10 seconds without a tourniquet applied and 25 seconds with a tourniquet applied to the lower thigh. The diagnosis is: A) Superficial valvular insufficiency B) Superficial venous thrombosis C) Deep venous thrombosis D) Deep valvular insufficiency E) Deep venous thrombosis
A) Superficial valvular insufficiency
The portal vein is formed by the junction of the: A) Superior mesenteric and splenic veins B) Superior mesenteric and colic veins C) Inferior mesenteric and splenic vines D) Right and left hepatic veins E) Right and left portal veins
A) Superior mesenteric and splenic veins
Which of the following arteries does not arise from the subclavian artery? A) Superior thyroid a. B) Vertebral a. C) Internal thoracic a. D) Thyrocervical trunk (axis) E) Internal mammary a.
A) Superior thyroid a.
Dysphagia is a: A) Symptom associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency B) Right-hemisphere symptom (if patient is right-handed) C) Left-hemisphere symptom (if patient is right-handed) D) Physchological, not physiological, problem E) Hormone imbalance causing loss of apetite
A) Symptom associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency
A Baker's cyst is a collection of: A) Synovial fluid from the knee joint B) Red blood cells in a venous sinus C) Interstitial fluid along a fascial border D) Fibrous tissue just beneath the skin E) White cells and other debris along an infected graft
A) Synovial fluid from the knee joint
Which is not true regarding carotid bruit? A) The absence of a bruit rules out significant stenosis B) Severe stenosis may cause a bruit C) The presence of a bruit is significant D) A cervical bruit might arise from stenosis of the external carotid artery E) A bruit extending into diastole suggests severe stenosis
A) The absence of a bruit rules out significant stenosis
In the lower extremity, the most common site of atherosclerosis is: A) The arterial segment beginning in Hunter's canal B) The arterial segment beginning in popliteal artery C) The arterial segment at the iliac bifurcation D) The proximal tibial vessels E) The arterial segment at the popliteal trifurcation
A) The arterial segment beginning in Hunter's canal
All of the following statements apply to pulsed-wave Doppler except: A) The beam is continuously transmitted with intermittent reception according to vessel depth B) A sample volume is used to determine depth of interest C) All of these statements are true D) One transducer is used for both transmission and reception E) Aliasing occurs when the frequency shift exceeds 1/2 the pulse repetition frequency
A) The beam is continuously transmitted with intermittent reception according to vessel depth
Why are brachial blood pressures obtained bilaterally when evaluating a patient for cerebrovascular disease? A) The brachial blood pressures are compared to see if they are equal; symmetry suggests proximal arterial segments are WNL B) The systolic components from each arm are averaged to determine the likelihood of cerebrovascular disease C) It is necessary to know both brachial pressures to rule out the presence of hypoperfusion syndrome D) Both brachial pressures must be known to determine if hypertension is present E) There is no value in obtaining bilateral brachial blood pressures if they are not compared to the ankle pressures
A) The brachial blood pressures are compared to see if they are equal; symmetry suggests proximal arterial segments are WNL
The most common source of lower or upper extremity peripheral arterial embolus is: A) The heart B) Ulcerated plaque C) Aneurysms D) Arterial dissections and atherosclerosis E) Small vessel arteriosclerosis
A) The heart
In the calculation of ankle/brachial systolic pressure ratios, the following arm pressure is commonly selected as the denominator: A) The higher of the right or left arm pressures B) The lower of the right or left arm pressures C) The right arm pressure D) The left arm pressure E) Random selection of the right or left arm pressure
A) The higher of the right or left arm pressures
Which of the following is always true of patients who suffer from intermittent claudication? A) There is a pressure drop distal to the obstructed segment after exercise B) Peripheral blood flow is reduced at rest C) No in blood flow occurs through the affected segment during exercise D) Marked peripheral vasoconstriction occurs in response to exercise E) There is always a pressure drop distal to the obstructed segment at rest
A) There is a pressure drop distal to the obstructed segment after exercise
The examiner uses color flow to assess for competence at the common femoral vein level. With Valsalva maneuver, there is red flow for less than a half a second and blue flow upon release of Valsalva. A) This finding is within normal limits B) This finding is unequivocal for moderate valvular incompetence C) This finding confirms significant valvular incompetence D) This finding suggests AV fistula E) This finding confirms deep vein thrombosis
A) This finding is within normal limits
A popliteal to dorsal pedal lesser saphenous reverse bypass graft has a peak systolic velocity of 28 cm/sec at the distal anastomosis. Which of following is true? A) This velocity may be normal for this graft B) This graft is failing because the velocity is less than 45 cm/sec C) This graft is failing because the graft velocity has increased from 24 cm/sec measured in a previous study D) This graft is failing because the graft velocity has decreased from 32 cm/sec in a previous study E) We must know the diastolic velocity before interpreting this velocity information
A) This velocity may be normal for this graft
An occlusive disease of medium and small arteries in the distal upper and lower limbs of primarily young male heavy smokers is: A) Thromboangitis obliterans B) Raynaud's syndrome C) Atherosclerosis D) Periarteritis nodosa E) Hyperlippoproteniemia
A) Thromboangitis obliterans
Paresthesia refers to: A) Tingling sensation B) Weakness C) Loss of function of a limb D) Disturbance of speech E) Dizziness
A) Tingling sensation
Some causes of dee venous thrombosis may be: A) Trauma B) Hypercoagulability C) Extrinsic compression upon deep veins D) Lymphangitis E) All except D
A) Trauma
The brachial veins connect the: A) Ulnar and radial veins to the axillary vein B) Ulnar and radial veins to the subclavian vein C) Ulnar vein to cephalic vein D) Radial vein to the subclavian vein E) Radial vein to the axillary vein
A) Ulnar and radial veins to the axillary vein
In the presence of arterial obstructive disease and distal ischemia: A) Vasodilation increases and distal resistance decreases B) Vasodilation increases and distal resistance may either increase or remain the same C) Vasodilation decreases and distal resistance decreases D) Vasoconstriction increases and distal resistance decreases E) Vasoconstriction increases and distal resistance increases
A) Vasodilation increases and distal resistance decreases
Lower extremity ulcers are overwhelmingly the result of: A) Venous disease B) Arterial disease C) Lymphatic disease D) Hyperlipidemia E) Cardiac disease and chronic right-heart congestion
A) Venous disease
The term hemiparesis means: A) Weakness of one side B) Paralysis of one side C) Numbness/tingling on one side D) Spasm of voluntary muscle on one side E) Dizziness
A) Weakness of one side
Which of the following statements about the dorsalis pedis artery is not correct? A) It is a branch of the peroneal a. B) It begins at the bend of the foot and ankle C) It joins the pedal arch about halfway along the dorsum of the foot D) It is typically the continuation of the anterior tibial a. E) It runs anterior to the medial malleolus
A) it is a branch of the peroneal a.
Patients presenting with symptoms of claudication complain of: A) Nocturnal muscle cramps B) Cramping in the calf, thigh, or buttocks with exercise and relieved by rest C) Numbing weakness in the legs while standing D) Pain in hips or knees not relieved by rest E) Cramping pain in the calf, thigh or buttocks with exercise not relieved by rest
B) Cramping in the calf, thigh, or buttocks with exercise and relieved by rest
A patient describes a 30-minute episode of garbled speech. This is called: A) Dysphagia B) Dysphasia C) Aphasia D) Parathesia E) Syncope
B) Dysphasia
Chronic venous insufficiency frequently leads to ulceration. The vascular technologists knows that the patient can help prevent ulceration by: A) Elevating the legs above heart level more than 4 times a day for 20 minutes B) Using support stockings when ambulatory C) A and B above D) Chelation therapy E) Taking aspirin
C) A and B above
Which of the following imaging transducer frequencies could be appropriately used for assessment of the carotid arteries? A) 10 MHz B) 5 MHz C) 2.5 MHz D) 3 KHz E) A and B
E) A and B
Assessment of palmar arch patency is useful: A) Before placement of an arteriovenous arms shunt B) When evaluating a patient with suspected subclavian steal C) To evaluate blood flow to the digital arteries D) A and B E) A and C
E) A and C
Which of the following is true regarding subclavian steal? A) Resulting strokes are usually severely disabling B) It is usually a harmless hemodynamic phenomenon C) It is caused by arterial obstruction proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery D) It is caused by arterial obstruction distal to the origin of the vertebral artery E) A and C F) A and D G) B and C H) B and D
G) B and C