VERB TENSE AND VERB VOICE

Label the following sentences ACTIVE or PASSIVE

1.Louise made the chocolate cake. 2.The chocolate cake was made by Louise. 3.The package was advertised by the travel agent. 4.The travel agent advertised the package. 5.The chain was broken by my brother. 6.My brother broke the chain on my bike. 7.I hemmed the prom dress. 8.The prom dress was hemmed by me. 9.The pencil on the floor was broken by him. 10.He broke the pencil on the floor

1.The otter has swum to the edge of the pond. 2.Our class will be reading Shakespeare's Macbeth. 3.The three sisters regularly met for lunch. 4.Each student had chosen a lab partner. 5.Wasps are entering the house through the torn screen.

Change the tense of each boldface verb to the tense indicated in parentheses. 1. The otter swam to the edge of the pond. (present perfect) 2. Our class will read Shakespeare's Macbeth. (future progressive) 3. The three sisters regularly meet for lunch. (past) 4. Each student chooses a lab partner. (past perfect) 5. Wasps were entering the house through the torn screen. (present)

I will not miss the bus. Had they been at the party? By then, Keith will have returned. The team will have been practicing for an hour with no break. My sister danced well.

Change the tense of the verb in each sentence, as indicated in parentheses. 1. I do not miss the bus. (Change to future.) 2. Were they at the party? (Change to past perfect.) 3. By then, Keith had returned. (Change to future perfect.) 4. The team will practice for an hour with no break. (Change to future perfect progressive.) 5. My sister dances well. (Change to past.)

Consistency of tense

Do not change needlessly from one tense to another. To describe events that occur at the same time, use verbs in the same tense. For events that occur at different times, use verbs of different tenses to show the sequence of events

Form of Passive Voice Verbs had been is going to be will be can be should be

Note the forms of "to be" in the examples of the verb "to kick" in various forms of the passive voice: is kicked----------------______________ kicked was kicked-------------_________________ kicked is being kicked---------________________ kicked has been kicked-------_______________ kicked was being kicked------______________ kicked

Passive Voice

Passive voice is used when the subject is the recipient of the action.

I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. To my surprise, Nancy Chang dropped by. She dashed into the house, ran up the stairs, and called my name. What she wanted was a fishing companion. As I got my fishing gear together, I was so happy. On our way to the lake, we noticed some dark clouds. We wished we had checked the weather first.

Proofread the paragraph for unnecessary changes of verb tense. Change the verbs to make the tenses consistent. (1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours. (2) To my surprise, Nancy Chang drops by. (3) She dashed into the house, runs up the stairs, and calls my name. (4) What she wanted was a fishing companion. (5) As I get my fishing gear together, I was so happy. (6) On our way to the lake, we notice some dark clouds. (7) We wished we checked the weather first.

am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

Review the forms of "to be":

Last summer, I painted our house. First, I washed the exterior using warm water and a mild detergent. Then, I sealed all the chinks in the walls with putty. After the putty dried, I could paint the exterior. I used latex paint because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. It took a whole week to finish this part of the job. I chose a color that was very close to the original color. When I finished the job, I felt a great deal of satisfaction. Even my dad acknowledged that I did a good job.

Rewrite the following paragraph in the active voice. Last summer our house was painted by me. First, the exterior was washed using warm water and a mild detergent. Then all of the chinks in the walls were sealed with putty. After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could be painted. A latex paint was used because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. A whole week was needed to finish this part of the job. A color was used that was very close to the original color. When the job was finished, a great deal of satisfaction was felt by me. Even my dad said that a good job was done.

1.Jen should have cleaned out the garage yesterday. 2.Could you please help Merrill with that large box? 3.You can probably guess what I am about to say. 4.If the train had been faster, we might have arrived sooner. 5.I'm not certain, but I think Dad might be cooking stew for dinner tonight.

Supply an appropriate modal for each sentence. 1. Jen _____ have cleaned out the garage yesterday. 2. _____ you please help Merrill with that large box? 3. You _____ probably guess what I am about to say. 4. If the train had been faster, we _____ have arrived sooner. 5. I'm not certain, but I think Dad _____ be cooking stew for dinner tonight

1.Colleen can almost reach the light bulb. (shows ability) 2.Jack will repair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense) 3.Most of the girls have already left. (present perfect) 4.I would attend the concert if only I had more time. (shows a condition) 5.Tamara opens the refrigerator and looks inside. (consistent tense)

Supply an appropriate modal, helping verb, or main verb to complete each sentence correctly. The hints in parentheses will help you. 1. Colleen _____ almost reach the light bulb. (shows ability) 2. Jack _____ repair the bicycle tomorrow. (future tense) 3. Most of the girls _____ already left. (present perfect) 4. I _____ attend the concert if only I had more time. (shows a condition) 5. Tamara opens the refrigerator and _____ inside. (consistent tense)

passive voice

The ____________ requires a "double verb" and will always consist of a form of the verb "to be" and the past participle (usually the "en/ed/t" form) of another verb.

base form present participle past past participle

The tenses of verbs are formed from the four principal parts of verbs. smile and choose [is] smil-ing or [is] choos-ing smiled or chose [have] smiled or [have] chosen

active voice and passive voice

There are two types of voice:

Verb tense

They show actions and states of being. They even take different forms to show time.

to hide the subject of the sentence to minimize the guilt of the subject. emphasizes the main point of the message

When would you WANT to use passive voice?

linking verbs

Writers should be familiar with the forms of "to be" , often called ___________________, so that they can easily identify the passive voice in their work.

present perfect tense

also used to express an action or state of being that began in the past and continues into the present. In this case, perfect means complete. is usually formed using the helping verb have or has plus the past participle

Present progressive

am, are, is talking

present tense

express an action or state of being that is occuring now, at the present time

past perfect tense

expresses an action or a state of being that ended before another past action or state of being occurred is usually formed using had plus the past participle

past tense

expresses an action or a state of being that occurred in the past but did not continue into the present.

future perfect tense

expresses an action or a state of being that will end before another future action or state of being is usually formed using will have or shall have plus the past participle

future tense

expresses an action or a state of being that will occur is usually formed using will or shall plus the base form

Past perfect progressive

had been talking

Present perfect progressive

has, have been talking

Perfect tenses

indicate that something happened or existed before a specific point in time

modal

is a helping verb that is joined with a main verb or an infinitive to express an attitude toward the action or state of being of the main verb.

Voice

is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action.

must

is used most often to express a requirement.

should

is used to express a recommendation, an obligation, or a possibility.

would

is used to express the conditional form of a verb. In other words, it is used to express a situation that is contrary to fact. can also be used to express future time in a subordinate clause when the main verb in the independent clause is in the past tense.

Active Voice

is used to show that the subject of the sentence is performing or causing the action.

Passive voice

is usually wordier. magulo

Active voice

more direct and concise

present tense in other ways

to show a customary or habitual action or state of being to express a general truth to make historical events seem current to discuss a literary work to express future time

can or could

used to express ability.

must.

used to express an explanation

ought

used to express an obligation or a likelihood.

will or shall

used to express future time.

may

used to express permission or possibility.

might

used to express possibility.

tense

verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb.

Past progressive

was, were talking

Future progressive

will (shall) be talking

Future perfect progressive

will (shall) have been talking

an action that was repeated in the past an invitation or offer a polite request

would is sometimes used to express

1.Hundreds of tourists visit the statue every year. 2.Someone stole my books yesterday. 3.A careless student left these books in the classroom. 4.Plantation workers raise coffee in many parts of Hawaii. 5.Someone broke into the house while the owners were on vacation.

▪Directions: Change the sentences below to the active voice. 1. The statue is being visited by hundreds of tourists every year. 2. My books were stolen by someone yesterday. 3. These books had been left in the classroom by a careless student. 4. Coffee is raised in many parts of Hawaii by plantation workers. 5. The house had been broken into by someone while the owners were on vacation.