Video Production CTE Test Study Guide

straight cut

(1) An edit in which audio and video change simultaneously. (2) An edit that does not include an effect, such as a fade or dissolve.

White Balance

A camera control system that neutralizes the color tints of different light sources, such as sunshine and halogen lamps, and matches the camera to the overall color quality of light in the shooting environment.

Zoom Control

A camera control that zooms the camera lens in to fill the screen with a narrow portion of a scene, or zooms the camera lens out to fill the screen with a wider portion of the scene.

Rostrum camera

A camera rigged for moving around still images to record different details of them.

Asymmetrical Balance

A composition in which dissimilar elements have equal "visual weight."

telephoto lens

A lens (or a selling on a zoom lens) that magnifies subjects and minimizes apparent death by filling the frame with a narrow angle of view.

wide angle lens

A lens (or a setting on a zoom lens) that minimizes subjects and magnifies apparent depth by filling the frame with a wide angle of view.

telephoto

A lens setting that magnifies distant subjects and reduces apparent depth.

Codec

A particular computer protocol for encoding audio-visual data to record it and decoding it to display it.

live

A program that is recorded and, sometimes, transmitted for display continuously, in real-time.

stock shot

A shot purchased from a library of pre-recorded footage for use in a program; collectively called "stock footage".

setup

A single camera position, usually including lights and microphone placements as well.

wipe

A transition between sequences in which a line moves across the screen, progressively covering the outgoing shot before it with the incoming shot behind it.

fast motion

A video effect that contracts the screen time during which an action happens; created by recording a shot at a slower rate or by changing the frame rate digitally in post production.

slow motion

A video effect that expands the screen time during which an action happens; created by recording a shot at a faster rate or by changing the frame rate digitally in postproduction.

Widescreen video

A video image or video display screen proportional 16 to 9, in contrast to the traditional TV screen's 4 to 3.

Letter-boxed Image

A widescreen image displayed in the center of a regular TV screen, with black bands above and below it filling the frame.

camcorder

An appliance that both captures moving images and stores them on tape

Background track

An audio track of the characteristic sounds of an environment, such as ocean, city traffic, or restaurant noises.

film

An audiovisual medium that records images on transparent plastic strips by means of photosensitive chemicals.

video

An audiovisual medium that records on magnetic tape or disk by electronic means; also, any digitally recorded program.

Auto Focus

An automatic camera control that focuses the incoming light to keep the picture sharp and clear; may be disabled for manual operation.

Auto Exposure

An automatic camera control that regulates the amount of light admitted through the camera lens; may be disabled for manual operation.

Split Edit

An edit in which the audio and video of the new shot do not begin simultaneously. When video ledes, the sound from a proceeding shot continues over the visual of the new shot. When audio ledes, the sound from the new shot begins over the end of the proceeding visual.

jump cut

An edit in which the incoming shot is too similar, visually, to the outgoing shot

cross cutting

An editing technique that allows two actions to be sown at once by alternating back and forth between them-presenting part of one, then part of the other, the back to the first, and so on. Can be used to show three or even more parallel actions. Also called intercutting.

Worm's eye angle

An extremely low camera angle in which the camera "looks" dramatically upward at the subject.

training program

An informational program designed to teach specific subjects.

gag

Any effect, trick, or stunt in a movie.

Three-quarter rear angle

Camera angle in which the camera is placed about 45 degrees around the back side of the subject, so the subject is facing away from the camera.

Three-quarter angle

Camera angle in which the camera is placed roughly between 15*- 45* around to one side in front of the subject.

Library footage

Film or video collected, organized, and maintained to be rented for use in documentary programs. Also called stock footage.

wallpaper

Footage intended to take up screen time while the narration presents material that cannot be shown.

Serial time flow

Form of video time progression in which a single series of events moves forward in a single stream.

Parallel time flow

Form of video time progression in which two or more sequences of action happen at the same time.

signpost

In a training or documentary program, a reminder to viewers of what has been covered and what will come next.

The Three T's

Informal name for the basic organization of training programs- Tell them what you will tell them; Tell them; Tell them what you have told them.

grip

Production staff member who practices many of the technical crafts associated with program production.

television

Studio-based, multi-camera video that is often produced and transmitted "live."

Equalization

The adjustment of the volume levels of various sound frequencies to balance the overall mixture of sounds.

Instructional Design

The craft of organizing an effective education or training script.

spin

The management of information for somebody's benefit.

Transcoding

The process of converting audio and video files from one digital format to another, such as converting an MOV file into a Flash video file.

Pre-visualizing

The process of creating manual or computer images to plan shots and shot sequences prior to actually recording them.

picture plane

The two-dimensional surface on which the image appears.

sell

To add details in order to increase the believability of a screen illusion.

Cut together

To follow one shot with another. Also, two shots are said to "cut together" when the edit is not apparent to the viewer.

cheat

To move a subject from its original place (to facilitate another shot) in a way that is undetectable to the viewer.

shoot

To record film or video; also, an informal term for the production phase of a film or video project.

Tilting

Vertical camera movement to point the camera lens up or down.

pickup

Video and/or audio material recorded later than the principal production, to add to or replace parts of material already recorded.

AV

a catch-all-term for all nonfiction video genres

Video Demo Real

a compilation of work to show potential employers

Editorial documentary

a documentary with a specific position or int of view that attempts to persuade viewers, as well to inform them

infortainment

a form of documentary whose primary purpose is to entertain viewers

Wide Angle

a lens setting that reduces subjects in size and exaggerates apparent death

act

a major section (usually between 10-45 minutes) of a longer program

Camera Stabilizer

a mechanical camera support system carried or worn by the operator that permits perfectly steady hand-held cameras

crew

a particular computer product for encoding audio-visual data to record it and decoding it and decoding it to display it

voice-over

a piece of narration in a movie or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker.

Reconstruction

a re-enactment of post events that is recorded and used in a program

sequence

a segment of a program, usually a few minutes long, consisting of related, organized material.

frame

a single film or video picture

Cinema Verite

a style of documentary that presents material with a little intervention by the program makers as possible

treatment

a written summary of a program that is formatted as narrative pose; it may be as short as one paragraph or as long as a scene by scene description.

Properties

all the items that appear in a program

Foley sound

audio effects recorded in a studio to match action on screen

emphasis

calling attention to a pictorial element in a composition

Zoom

changes the focal length of the camera lens while recording to magnify or reduce the size of an element in a portion of a shot.

Production Assistant

freelance workers who perform various organizational duties for production companies.

script

fully written documentation of a program, including scenes, dialogue, narration, stage direction, and effects

releases

legal documents granting permission to include people, places, objects, and music in a program

Leading Lines

lines in the image that emphasize an element by pointing to it.

sweetened sound

live audio that has been processed in post production to improve audio quality

charged coupled device

one type of camera imaging chip that converts optical images into electronic signals

digital video effects

only digitally created transitional device, other than a fade or dissolve. However, fades and dissolves are usually digital too.

Digital Intermediate

original camera film that is converted into ultra-high-definition video for use in post-production

Staging in depth

positioning subjects and camcorder to exploit perspective in the image

visual literacy

the ability to evaluate the content of visual media by understanding the way in which is recorded and presented.

sound

the noises recorded as audio

Continuity

the organization of video material into a coherent presentation with continuous flow.

concept

the organizing principle behind an effective program, often called an angle, perspective, or stunt.

focus

the part of an image (measured fro near to far) that appears sharp and clear. 2. The object of a viewers attention.

Compostion

the purposeful arrangement of visual elements in a frame.

perspective

the simulation of death in two-dimensional visual media

ALSC

the system used for broadcasting high definition TV in North America

digital

to record images and sounds as numerical data, either directly in a camera or during the process of impairing them to a computer

Parallel time flow

two or more lines of action presented together, either by alternating pieces of the various streams or by splitting the screen for simultaneous presentation.

Disjoined time flow

video sequences recorded out of chronological order and reorganized during the editing process to follow script order in the finished video