“Virtual Lab 5 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration”

List the three steps of cellular respiration and the input and output of each step:

1.Glycolysis: This step takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. Glucose, the sugar in the formula, is converted into a more usable form called pyruvate. It actually takes some ATP energy to start the process. The net yield of this step is about 2 ATP molecules. And 2 molecules of NADH. NADH is a coenzyme and it has the ability to transfer electrons, which will be helpful for producing more ATP later. 2.Krebs Cycle: This phase is also known as the citric acid cycle. This happens in the mitochondria. This requires oxygen. Pyruvate produced will be metabolized and oxidized. CO2 (carbon dioxide) is produced. The Krebs cycle produces 6NADH, 2 FADH2. FADH is also a coenzyme like NADH, it will also help transfer electrons to create more ATP. 3.Electron Transport Chain: This chain requires mitochondria and oxygen and this is also a complex process because electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 which are multiple electron carriers. They are used to create a proton gradient and the protons are used to power a wonderful enzyme called ATP Synthase because this enzyme takes phosphates and adds them to ADP and if you add phosphates to ADP it will generate ATP.

After the solvent reaches the top of the paper we remove the paper from the tube and let it dry. For example the Rf value of Chlorophyll B is 1.3/7.5 = 0.17

1.Pigment extra origin 2. Chlorophyl B 3.Chlorophyl A 4.Xanthophyll (Yellow) 5.Carotene (Yellow Orange) 6.Solvent Line

Distance 50 CM and 100 CM

50 CM N/A 100 CM N/A

What causes the color of Bromothymol blue to change after blowing bubbles into it? removed oxygen added carbon dioxide added oxygen removal of carbon dioxide

Added carbon dioxide

Which of the following is the pigment that the plants makes to shade chlorophyll during the fall season? Chlorophyll B Xanthophyll Anthocyanins Chlorophyll A Carotene

Anthocyanins

If the color of Bromothymol blue is Blue that means that the solution is Acidic Neutral Basic

Basic

In the yeast experiment, what gas was responsible for inflating the balloons? Carbon Dioxide Oxygen None of the above Nitrogen

Carbon Dioxide

Based on the paper chromatograph below which pigment has the smallest size? Carotene Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a Xanthophyll

Carotene

Based on the Rf value that you calculated above which pigments has the smallest Rf value? Xanthophyll Chlorophyll B Carotene Chlorophyll A

Chlorophyll B

What was the purpose of the first tube in the above experiment? That tube has no purpose. Control tube To show cellular respiration To show photosynthesis

Control Tube

Plant pigments separate during paper chromatography based on their polarity. True False

False

Which step of cellular respiration is still active in anaerobic conditions? Prep phase Electron Transport Chain Citric Acid cycle Glycolysis

Glycolisis

What color of the light spectrum is usually not used by plants during photosynthesis Red Blue Green Orange

Green

Explain in your own words why did the color change in the second tube that contains the plant?

In cellular respiration plants and trees use glucose and oxygen to make ATP energy and release Carbon Dioxide. In the above experiment the Elodea plant released CO2 because both contains Bromothymol blue and one contains the plant. Release of CO2 has caused making Carbonic Acid where Elodea is in and it discolored the Bromothymol into a light green solution.

In yeast what is the requirement of anaerobic respiration Low alcohol Low oxygen/ No oxygen Low sugar/ No sugar Low/No carbon dioxide

Low oxygen/ No oxygen

Light intensity Experiment: For this first experiment you're going to learn more about the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Click on the link below and follow the instructions: https://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=79&brch=16&sim=126&cnt=4Links to an external site. Instructions: When you click on the link you should get to the page with the simulation and these specific parameters should be already in place: power source 40 W distance is 50 cm color of filter clear (Keep this clear the whole time) below is the attached image of your starting page: 1) Place the light at 50cm (It should already be there) 2) Click on Start and start a timer for 5 minutes. 3) Start counting the number of bubbles released by the plant at that distance for at least 5 minutes. Click stop at the end of the 5minutes 4) Record that number of bubbles per minute in the table below by dividing your number of bubbles by 5 minutes. 5) Click on the reset button and then start the process over but this time move the light to 100 cm away from the plant. 6) Click on Start and start a timer for 5 minutes. 7) Start counting the number of bubbles released by the plant at that distance for at least 5 minut

My hypothesis about the light intensity experiment is that the higher the rate of photosynthesis the higher rate of photosynthesis.

In the light intensity experiment what are the bubbles that are coming out of the plant? Carbon dioxide Helium Nitrogen Oxygen

Oxygen

If the test tubes above were placed in the light instead of in the dark what would you expect to happen to the color of Bromothymol Blue in the tube that has the plant in it? Change to yellow Remain Blue Become Acidic Change to green

Remain Blue

If you had photosynthetic green algae by itself in a sealed aquarium (no air flow) , the algae would eventually use up all the carbon dioxide in the water and soon after die. However if you add small shrimps, and then seal the aquarium from the outside then both the algae and shrimp would survive for a much longer time. How does adding the small shrimp help keep the algae alive? (Hint: Think about what the small shrimp is releasing as a product of cellular respiration). Shrimp add oxygen Shrimp removes oxygen Shrimp adds carbon dioxide Shrimp remove carbon dioxide

Shrimp adds carbon dioxide

According to your results above. What is the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis? The higher the light intensity the lower the rate of photosynthesis. The lower the light intensity the higher the rate of photosynthesis. None of the above The higher the light intensity the higher the rate of photosynthesis.

The higher the light intensity the higher the rate of photosynthesis.

Accessory pigments in leaves can help cells capture different wavelengths of light for photosynthesis, what is another function of accessory pigments?

The process of self-destruction of the leaves starts when they tend to lose the chlorophyll to avoid further destruction by oxygen molecules in the presence of chlorophyll while in the process of photosynthesis. The accessory pigments which are orange or yellow colored come into the scene and deciduous tree leaves become yellow or orange during autumn-before winter when these trees lose all their leaves.

In the yeast experiment above why didn't the balloon inflate in the first bottle? There was not enough yeast There was no sugar for the yeast to use for fermentation There was too much sugar for the yeast There was too much oxygen in the bottle

There was no sugar for the yeast to use for fermentation