VOCAB 13.3

The apportionment method that involves rounding each standard quota down to the nearest whole number is called​ _______ method. Surplus items are​ given, one at a​ time, to the groups with the largest​ _______ parts in their standard quotas until there are no more surplus items.

1) Hamilton's 2) decimal

The total population under consideration divided by the number of items to be allocated is called the standard ______. When each​ group's population is divided by this​ divisor, a standard _____ for that group is obtained.

1) divisor 2) quota

A standard quota rounded down to the nearest whole number is called​ a/an _______ quota. A standard quota rounded up to the nearest whole number is called​ a/an _______ quota. An important criterion for​ fairness, called the quota​ rule, states that a​ group's apportionment should be either its​ _______ or its​ _______.

1) lower 2) upper 3) lower quota 4) upper quota

Jefferson's method,​ Adams's method, and​ Webster's method require the use of a ​ _______ divisor. The apportionment method in which this divisor is less than the standard divisor is​ _______ method. The apportionment method in which this divisor is greater than the standard divisor is​ _______ method. The apportionment method in which this divisor may be less​ than, greater​ than, or equal to the standard divisor is​ _______ method.

1) modified 2) jefferson's 3) adam's 4) webster's

When each​ group's population is divided by the modified​ divisor, a modified​ _______ for that group is obtained. These numbers are rounded down to the nearest whole number using​ _______ method, rounded up to the nearest whole number using ​ _______ method, and rounded to the nearest whole number using​ _______ method.

1) quota 2) jefferson's 3) adam's 4) webster's

Jefferson's Method

Rounded DOWN to the nearest whole number

Adam's Method

Rounded UP to the nearest whole number

Webster's Method

Rounded up to the nearest WHOLE NUMBER

T/F Different apportionment methods applied to the same situation can produce different results.

True because different methods differ in how they handle rounding of fractional representatives.

Hamilton's Method

Uses the standard divisor and standard quotas; first gives each state its lower quota, then gives out surplus seats according to the "remainders," highest remainder first and so on

The apportionment problem is to determine a method for rounding standard​ _______ into whole numbers so that the sum of the numbers is the total number of allocated items.

quotas