VTNE Prep-Diagnostic Imaging

Approximately how many shades of gray are incorporated into the display of an image obtained through ultrasound? a. 50 shades of gray b. 100 shades of gray c. 226 shades of gray d. 256 shades of gray

256 shades of gray

What is the speed of sound through bone? a. 330 m/s b. 600 m/s c. 1600 m/s d. 4080 m/s

4080 m/s

Anything below what Hounsfield unit is displayed as black on CT imaging? a. -750 HU b. 0 HU c. 250 HU d. none, black is not displayed on CT

a. -750 HU

What is the max number of focal points that are recommended for use in ultrasound? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

a. 2

What is the speed of sound through air? a. 330 m/s b. 600 m/s c. 1540 m/s d. 4080 m/s

a. 330 m/s

Which of the following frequencies will allow for the deepest level of penetration in Ultrasound? a. 4 MHz b. 5 MHz c. 9 MHz d. 12 MHz

a. 4 MHz

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation to perform a caudalocranial radiograph? a. CdCr b. Dpa c. CrCd d. Cr

a. CdCr

Where should the cassette be held when obtaining a dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique view of the carpus of a horse? a. against the plamorlateral aspect of the leg b. against the medial aspect of the leg c. against the palmaromedial aspect of the leg d. against the palmer aspect of the carpus

a. against the plamorlateral aspect of the leg

What is the correct def. of the abbreviation B-mode in ultrasound? a. brightness b. bits c. binary d. power mode

a. brightness

Which of the following best describes the word tomography? a. cut or section b. whole c. point of interest d. a series of boxes or individual shades of information

a. cut or section

Which of the following radiographic terms describes the veiw when the primary x-ray bream enters the dorsal surface and exits the ventral surface of the patient? a. dorsoventral b. ventrodorsal c. craniocaudal d caudocranial

a. dorsoventral

Which of the following is the best veiw for judging a major fx dislocation and conformational abnormalities? a. lateral veiw b. flexed lateral veiw c. medial oblique d. dorsopalmar veiw

a. lateral veiw

Which radiographic veiw provides the best accuracy for evaluating major fx dislocation and conformational abnormalities in horses? a. lateral veiw b. medial oblique veiw c. the flexed lateral veiw d. dorsopalmar veiw

a. lateral veiw

When scanning in the sagittal plane, where is the cranial aspect of the patient's body displayed on the ultrasound monitor? a. left side of the monitor b. right side of the monitor c. top of the monitor d. bottom of the monitor

a. left side of the monitor

Which of the following radiographic terms describe the caudal surface of the hind limb distal to the carpus? a. plantar b. dorsopalmar c. palmar d. caudocranial

a. plantar

Which of the following best describes the Nyquist point in ultrasound? a. the point at which the max blood velocity is reached b. the point of deepest penetration c. the point at which a drop-out signal is reached and am image is no longer produced d. the Nyquist point is not an ultrasound concern

a. the point at which the max blood velocity is reached

What is the purpose of the foil backing found on detail x-ray film? a. to absorb exiting remnant radiation b. To be able to mold to the shadow of the tooth c. to create a waterproof barrier around the film d. none of the above

a. to absorb exiting remnant radiation

Dental film should be placed in the mouth with the dimple facing: a. up and pointing rostrally b. up and pointing caudally c. down and pointing rostrally d. down and pointing caudally

a. up and pointing rostrally

What does the acronym ALARA stand for? a. as low as reasonably achievable b. animal limited anatomical radiation c. as large as radiation accepts d. none of above

as low as reasonably achievable

What size of power outlet is required to run a digital dental unit? a. 70 kV b. 110 V c. 110 kV d. 8 mA

b. 110 V

At what age in foals does the closure of the proximal growth plate of P2 occur? a. 4-22 weeks b. 18-30 weeks c. 22-38 weeks d. 18-38 weeks

b. 18-30 weeks

When using a dental x-ray unit, the end of the cone should be pointed at ___ inches from the patient's anatomy. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 10

b. 4

What does the term pitch refer to in CT imaging? a. the calc. of an unknown value based on two known vaules on either side b. a ratio between the table movement in mm and the CT slice thickness c. a type of helical scanning d. none of the above

b. a ratio between the table movement in mm and the CT slice thickness

What does the gain control knob adjust on the ultrasound machine? a. power output b. brightness of image c. PRF scale used in PW doppler d. depth of the image

b. brightness of image

To obtain a dorsoventral veiw of the abdomen of a rabbit, where should the center of the beam be focused? a. center over the heart c. center of the body cranial to caudal d. center over the thoracolumbar area

b. center over the liver

Which of the following ultrasound artifacts will likely be produced when the sound wave strikes a metal object or a pocket of air? a. edge shadowing b. comet tail c. mirror image d. acoustic enhancement

b. comet tail

Which of the following is the correct definition for the ultrasound term hypoechoic? a. bright gray b. dark gray c. white d. black

b. dark gray

Which of the following best describes the use for doppler ultrasound? a. doppler uses a motion mode that simultaneously creates a B-mode image while displaying the motion of the tissues over a two-dimensional scale b. doppler is used to image the flow of blood and other liquids as well as to measure their velocity c. doppler units display the different shades of gray d. none of the above

b. doppler is used to image the flow of blood and other liquids as well as to measure their velocity

To obtain a craniocaudal veiw of the tibia of a small animal, that patient should be in which of the following positions? a. sternal b. dorsal c. right lateral d. left lateral

b. dorsal

Which of the following radiographic terms describe the radiographic veiws distal to the carpus obtained by passing the primary x-ray beam from the dorsal direction to the palmar surface of the forelimb? a. plantar b. dorsopalmar c. palmar d. caudocranial

b. dorsopalmar

When obtaining a lateral projection of the skull of small animals, where should the centering of the image occur? a. midway between the tip of the nose to just caudal to the occipital protuberance at the base b. lateral canthus of the eye socket c. between the eyes d. above the base of the tongue and just below the palate, approx. at the commissure of the mouth

b. lateral canthus of the eye socket

The ability to distinguish between two objects that are adjacent to each other, yet perpendicular to the sound wave in ultrasound, is described as: a. axial resolution b. lateral resolution c. longitudinal resolution d. azimythal resolution

b. lateral resolution

To perform an ultrasound in the intercostal region, which transducer would be ideal? a. linear probe b. microconvex probe c. phase array probe d. all the above produce the same images

b. microconvex probe

What element is found within the transducer of an ultrasound machine? a. bucky b. piezoelectric ceramics c. magnets d. all the above

b. piezoelectric ceramics

What is the difference between color doppler and power doppler ultrasound? a. color indicates velocity, power indicates direction of flow b. power is sensitive to slow flow, color indicates direction of flow c. power indicates direction of flow, color indicates slow flow d. color indicates arteries, power indicates veins

b. power is sensitive to slow flow, color indicates direction of flow

Atoms that emit particles and energy to become stable are known as: a. photons b. radionuclides c. radioactive decay d. isotopes

b. radionuclides

The number of detectors that are covered by the x-ray beam in CT scanning is known add which type of field of veiw? a. display field of veiw b. scan field of veiw c. raw data d. image data

b. scan field of veiw

A biarticular fx is also known as a: a. corner fx b. slab fx c. chip fx d. they don't exist

b. slab fx

Which one of the following imaging modalities produces images without the use of radiation? a. X-ray b. Ultrasound c. Floroscopy d. CT

b. ultrasound

Pulse wave imaging can detect velocities up to a max. of what m/s? a. 0.5 b. 1.0 c. 1.4 d. 2.2

c. 1.4

What is the speed of sound through fat tissue? a. 330 m/s b. 600 m/s c. 1460 m/s d. 1480 m/s

c. 1460 m/s

A computer tomography x-ray tube can rotate how many degrees? a. 270 degrees b. 180 degrees c. 360 degrees d. doesn't rotate

c. 360 degrees

When using computer tomography, what Hounsfield unit does blood have? a. -50 HU b. 160 HU c. 80 HU d. none of the above

c. 80 HU

Which of the following allows for measurements of very high blood flow velocities in ultrasound? a. color doppler b. PW doppler c. CW doppler d. harmonics

c. CW doppler

In the equation Z = pV used in ultrasound, what does the letter Z represent? a. density b. acoustic velocity c. acoustic impedance d. none of the above

c. acoustic impedance

What does the TGC or time gain compensation allow on the ultrasound machine? a. allows amount of time it takes sound to travel through a medium to be changed b. provides a faster time frame for clearer images with motion c. allows adjustment of the gain at various depths d. none of the above

c. allows adjustment of the gain at various depths

IV contrast used with CT imaging will help to veiw all of the following except: a. veins b. arteries c. bone marrow d. Infection of the extremities

c. bone marrow

Which of the following is the correct order to process dental film? a. developer, fixer, wash b. fixer, wash, developer, wash c. developer, wash, fixer, wash d. wash, developer, fixer, wash

c. developer, wash, fixer, wash

For a dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique of the metacarpus of a horse, on which surface should the cassette be placed? a. medial aspect b. palmar aspect c. palmaromedial aspect d. palmarolateral aspect

c. palmaromedial aspect

What is an isotope termed when it's radioactive? a. photons b. radionuclides c. radioisotope d. none, they don't become radioactive

c. radioisotope

When using color-flow doppler in ultrasound, what do the displayed red and blue color means? a. blue are veins, red are arteries b. blue are arteries, red are veins c. the colors show blood flow; blue flows away, red flows forwards d. the colors show different velocities of blood

c. the colors show blood flow; blue flows away, red flows forwards

What happens to crystals within the ultrasound transducer when strong, short electrical pulses strike them? a. they harden b. they melt c. they vibrate d. they break apart

c. they vibrate

Which of the following is the proper way to disinfect an ultrasound probe? a. autoclave b. gas sterilization c. wipe with a glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant d. immerse in an alcohol-based cleaner

c. wipe with a glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant

Which of the following Hounsfield units on CT imaging appears as white? a. -755 HU b. 120 HU c. 1200 HU d. 1260 HU

d. 1260 HU

Modern CT scanners use multislice technology and are able to acquire image slices thinner than which of the following sizes? a. 10mm b. 1cm c. 10cm d. 1mm

d. 1mm

What is the typical kilovoltage preset on a dental unit? a. 110 kV b. 25 kV c. 50 kV d. 70 kV

d. 70 kV

Which of the following can the piezoelectric crystal within an ultrasound probe do? a. convert electrical energy into mechanical energy b. concert mechanical energy into electrical energy c. change shape in the presence of an electrical current d. all the above

d. all the above

Which of the following image receptors is used in dental imaging? a. film b. phosphor plates c. neither d. both

d. both

Which grade level on the ossification index for newborn foals does a closed metacarpal and metatarsal physes describe? a. grade 1 b. grade 2 c. grade 3 d. grade 4

d. grade 4

To obtain a lateromedial veiw of the femorotibial joint of the horse, the cassette should be placed against which surface? a. cranial aspect b. caudal aspect c. lateral aspect d. medial aspect

d. medial aspect

To obtain a radiographic image of both temporomandbular joints of a small animal, which of the following is the best position? a. dorsal recumbency b. ventral recumbency c. right lateral recumbency d. sternal recumbency

d. sternal recumbency

A deformity, in which the interior angle of the joint, viewed frontally, is <180 degrees, is known as what? a. axial rotation b. windswept c. valgus deformity d. varus deformity

d. varus deformity

Which of the following correctly describes a CT image? a. a two-dimensional image b. a matrix of pixel or picture element c. a three-dimensional image d. a matrix of voxels e. both c and d f. both a and b

e. both c and d