VTPB 409 Immunology [Exam III]

Which of the following is NOT part of the body's first line of defense?

Fever

Which of the following is TRUE about the innate immunity?

It recognizes pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns

A cytolytic/toxic T lymphocyte can be induced to mount a cytotoxic attack on a viral-infected cell if this cell is displaying

MHC Class I bearing foreign antigen

The T-cell antigen receptor

Recognizes antigen fragments via the a and b chains

X-linked agammaglobulinemia is characterized by

Severe decrease or absence of antibodies

All of the following are true about AIDS, EXCEPT:

The clinical and pathologic manifestation of full-blown AIDS are primarily the result of increased susceptibility to infection and some cancers as a result of abnormal B- and T lymphocytes

Which of the following DOES NOT apply to innate immune mechanisms

a memory component

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a congenital immunodeficiency caused by genetic defects in lymphocyte maturation. It is characterized by:

a profound decrease in the numbers of mature T lymphocytes normal or increased B lymphocytes and reduced humoral immunity

Antibodies directed against cell-surface antigens mediate cell destruction via complement activation and ADCC is considered a

antibody-mediated or cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Central tolerance by apoptosis of immature B lymphocytes which may recognize self-antigen takes place in the

bone marrow

The Th17 cells play an important role in propping up the innate immunity through the different cytokines produces. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

both, IL-7 and IL-22 induce the B lymphocytes to increase the production of antibody molecules

Postulated mechanisms of autoimmunity may include which of the following situations?

both, the inheritance of susceptibility genes and/or environmental stimuli

The principal immune mechanism of tumor eradication is killing of tumor cells by

cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for tumor cells

Secreted antibodies form immune complexes with residual antigen can shut off B cell activation by

engaging inhibitory Fc receptors on B cells

Effector T lymphocytes of the Th1 subset activates the macrophage to produce reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and increased lysosomal enzymes, which

enhance the killing of microbes in the phagolysosome

Immune responses often fail to check tumor growth, because these responses are ineffective as a result of

failure to produce tumor antigen mutations in NHC genes or genes needed for antigen processing production of immunosuppressive proteins

Antigen-antibody complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation and an ensuing inflammatory response is considered

immunocomplex-mediated hypersensitivity

The DIRECT effector functions of antibodies include all of the following EXCEPT:

inflammation

All of the following is true about the 'affinity maturation' in antibody response EXCEPT

it is associated with T-independent antigens

Which of the following receptors on the T cells is involved in the adhesion to the APCs?

leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)

Each of the following is considered a part of the body's second line of defense EXCEPT:

lysozyme

Immunity that develops as a result of an actual infection is called:

natural active acquired immunity

The MHC class II molecules are expressed on all of the following cells EXCEPT:

neutrophils

Which of the following is NOT true of the ability of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to specifically recognize antigen?

only the alpha chain of the TCR is necessary for antigen recognition

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) bind to

pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of activation of the complement system?

repair of damaged tissue

The diversity in the expression of B and T lymphocyte antigen receptors is initiated by:

somatic recombination of gene segments that code for the variable regions of the receptor

Yin and Yang are identical twins. If a transplant from one to the other takes place, the transplant tissue is considered:

syngeneic antigen

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

synthesis of antibody in a secondary response occurs predominantly in the blood

IgM, IgG, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C4b2b are associated with which of the following complement pathway?

the classical pathway

Which of the following is NOT a signal involved in heavy-chain isotype switching by B lymphocytes?

the cytokines secreted by the cytolytic T lymphocyte

Which of the following properties of antibodies determine their effector function?

Antibodies use their antigen-binding (Fab) regions to bind to and block the harmful effects of microbes and toxins, and they use their Fe regions to activate diverse effector mechanisms that eliminate these microbes and toxins. Heavy-chain isotype (class) switching and affinity maturation enhance the protective functions of antibodies. Switching to the igG isotype prolongs the duration that an antibody remains in the blood and therefore increases the functional activity of the antibody. Antibodies function throughout the body and in the lumens of mucosal organs

Transduction of the signal that the TCR has bound an antigen is via which component?

CD3

A naive CD4+ T cell may differentiate into subsets that produce different cytokines that recruit and activate different cell types. The IL-17 and Il22 are produced mainly by

CD4+ T cell Th17 subset

A naive CD4+ T cell may differentiate into subsets that produce different cytokines that recruit and activate different cell types. The IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are produced mainly by

CD4+ T cell Th2 Subset

The functional activity of the Helper T-cells

Can be mediated through cytokines

Which of the following is characteristic of acute inflammation

accumulation of PMNs (neutrophils)

MHC Class I molecules are expressed on:

all nucleated cells

When an antigen (allergen) induces cross-linkages of antibodies bound to mast cells and basophils with release of vasoactive mediators is considered

an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity

Humans are most likely to mount a Thl (all out war) response to

an acute viral infection

Sensitized T cells release cytokines that activate macrophages or CTLs which mediate direct cellular damage. What type of hypersensitivity is represented by this reaction?

cell-mediated hypersensitivity

All of the following may be considered as tumor antigens EXCEPT:

chemical carcinogens

The Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP) is associated with the:

class I MHC pathway of intracellular processing of protein antigens

MASP 1, MASP 2, C2, C3, C4, and C4b2b are associated with which of the following complement pathway?

the lectin pathway

All of the following are true about cytokines production EXCEPT:

they are stored pre-formed in effector cells

How does HIV enter T cells?

through CD4

Central tolerance by apoptosis of immature T lymphocytes which may recognize self-antigen takes place in the

thymus gland

The Fc stem of the antibody molecules is composed of

two heavy chains

Which of the following occurs first during an inflammatory response?

vasodilation of capillaries

Molecular mimicry is:

when a pathogen possesses an antigen which resembles a host antigen