Water Unit Test

Explain what causes acid rain. How does acid rain affect us and nature?

-Acid rain is caused by exhaust -It occurs when nitrogen, sulfur, and water mix in the air How can it be harmful to us an nature -Can cause health problems for people -Causes trees to release aluminum -When trees release aluminum, they can't absorb water giving the world limited oxygen and excess runoff -Damages buildings and objects

Examples of impermeable rock

-Clay -Granite/bedrock

DISCLAIMER

-If you are confused in any way or do not understand something on this study guide, please refer to either the study guide on schoology or Mrs. Williams. All of the questions were taken from schoology or my notes -I am aware that things might be repeated. Deal with it -If you want more practice with the water vocab, I advise you to look at the water vocab quizlet I have made (https://quizlet.com/106911201/water-quiz-vocab-flash-cards/) -I also advise that you look at the charts, diagrams, and graphs that we looked at in class. I do not have information from those resources in this quizlet -Good luck and don't get mad if something is incorrect -If there is anything that might be missing, use the resources that I advised above or your own notes

Examples of permeable rock

-Sand -Gravel

At what temperature do water vapor molecules begin to change back to the liquid state?

100 degrees celcius

Drought

A condition in which an area with normally good precipitation gets scarce rainfall

Reservoir

A lake that stores water for human use

Oxbow Lake

A looping curve in a river that was cut off

Solution

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves into another

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has electrically charged areas

Habitat

A place where an organism lives

Lake Turnover

A seasonal change that refreshes the supply of nutrients throughout a lake

Tributary

A smaller stream or river that flows into a main river

Solvent

A substance that dissolves another substance

Wetland

An area of land that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year

Saturated Zone

An underground area of permeable material that is totally filled with water

Aquifer

An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water

People can obtain groundwater from a _____ by drilling a well below the water table

Aquifer

What breaks down toxic chemicals in rivers, lakes, and waste water treatment plants?

Bacteria

Pesticides

Chemicals intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops

Describe the water cycle

Continuing process by which water moves through living and non-living parts of the environment (Take a look at usgs.gov and their water cycle picture)

What is the purpose of drinking-water treatment? Describe a typical treatment process at a city plant

Drinking-water treatment makes water safe and appealing to drink Steps: First Filtration- Water is filtered through screens to remove fish, leaves, and trash Coagulation- Alum (a chemical) is added to form sticky flocs where mud, bacteria, and other particles stick to it. Water passes into settling basins where flocs sink Second Filtration- Water trickles down through sand or gravel which filters out algae, bacteria, and some chemicals Chlorination- Chlorine is added to kill remaining disease microorganisms Aeration- Forces air through water which causes gases to be released to reduce unpleasant odor and taste Additional Treatment- Sodium may be used to soften hard water and some communities. Fluoride is also added which prevents tooth decay Storage- Water is placed in closed tanks or reservoirs for disinfection to take place. Water flows through pipes to homes and buisnesses

List five ways people that people use water and give an example of each

Five Ways -Household purposes -Agriculture -Industry -Transportation -Recreation Five Examples -Taking a shower -Watering plants -Industry provides water and waste water services -Boats -Swimming pools

Because of sewage pollution, people should boil water for drinking and cooking after a _____

Flood

Glaciers

Huge masses of ice and snow that move slowly over the land

Explain why water is known as the "universal solvent"

It can dissolve many substances because it is polar

How can moving water produce electricity?

It can turn a turbine in a hydroelectric power plant

A high coliform count is an indicator that the water may contain.....

Large numbers of disease-causing organisms

Recharge

New water that enters an aquifer

Oil that washes off a road into a stream is an example of a _____ source of pollution

Non-point

Springs

Places where groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock

Waste being dumped into a river is an example of a _____ source of pollution

Point

Any substance that causes water pollution is called a.....

Pollutant

Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are forms of.....

Precipitation

More than 97 percent of the water on Earth is.....

Salt Water

Water is the only substance on Earth that commonly exists in its three _____

States

_____ causes raindrops to form round beads when they fall on a car windshield

Surface Tension

Concentration

The amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance

Flood Plain

The broad, flat valley through which a river flows

Watershed

The land area that supplies water to a river system

Headwaters

The many small streams that come together at the source of a river

Condensation

The process by which a gas changes to a liquid

Eutrophication

The process by which levels of nutrients build up in a lake

Evaporation

The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to the gaseous state

Transpiration

The process by which plants give off water vapor through their leaves

Irrigation

The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops

Capillary Action

The property that allows water to rise up in a narrow tube

Acid Rain

The result of sulfur and nitrogen reacting with water in the atmosphere

What is the source of energy for the water cycle?

The sun

Surface Tension

The tightness across the surface of water

A river and all of its _____ together make up a river system

Tributaries

Conservation

Using a resource wisely so it wont be used up or wasted

A flood occurs when a river's _____ increases so much that the river overflows its channel

Volume

Sewage

Waste water and the different types of waste in it

The _____ renews the supply of fresh water on Earth

Water Cycle

Most water in the atmosphere is invisible.....

Water Vapor

Runoff

Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking in