Web Develop. Exam 1 (2-4)
What status code is sent when the requested URL does not point to an existing resource on the web server?
404
What's in an HTML5 document template?
<! doctype html> <html lang= "en"> <head> <meta charset=".."> <title></title> </head> <body> </body> </html>
How to add links to a page
<a href="https://google.com">Google</a>
What is a comment and how to write HTML comments?
An HTML comment is a portion of the document that is not displayed by the browser. A comment begins with the <!-- character sequence and ends with the --> character sequence. Web developers sometimes use comments to leave notes for themselves or others, or to tell the browser to ignore part of the document.
What is an IP address? Domain names vs DNS? Domain name levels
An IP address (short for Internet Protocol address) is a computer's unique address on the Internet (like a house's unique address in the world), usually represented numerically like 198.51.100.7. A typical IP address is 32 bits, divided into four 8-bit groups, each group often written as a decimal number. A domain name is a name for an IP address, such as the name wikipedia.org for the IP address 198.35.26.96; the name is easier to remember and type. Capitalization doesn't matter: Wikipedia.org, wikipedia.org, and WIKIPEDIA.ORG are treated the same. When a computer sends a packet using a domain name over the Internet, the first step is to contact a DNS server to convert the domain name to an IP address. DNS is short for Domain Name System. Domain names are hierarchical. A domain name belongs to one of numerous top-level domains (TLD), such as .com, .net, .org, .edu, and .gov. Also, each country is assigned a unique two-letter country code top-level domain (ccTLD) like .uk (United Kingdom), .ru (Russia), and .de (Germany). Immediately after a top-level domain comes a second-level domain, such as wikipedia in wikipedia.org. A second-level domain is commonly an organization's name as in Stanford.edu, or indicates the purpose of a website as in DoPython.org. Third-level and further level domains refer to sub-computer systems local to an organization, as in cs.stanford.edu where the cs is for Stanford's Computer Science department. A common third-or-deeper-level domain is www, short for World Wide Web, usually referring to an organization's web server.
What is an entity and how to add special characters
An entity is a mechanism for writing special characters or symbols in HTML, such as mathematical symbols, characters in most languages, and many other symbols. EX) & : & < : <   : non-breaking space
This is a value that provides additional information about a particular tag and is included after the tag name but before the > in the tag.
Attribute
CSS - How is CSS used in a webpage?
CSS is the language that describes page layout for visual presentation. h1 { background-color: lightgray; font-family: arial font-size: 9 pt color: dark blue }
Which of the following represents some of the conditions affecting web accessibility and that web designers should consider when designing websites?
Cognitive challenges like dyslexia and other difficulties in processing web pages, Visual problems like blindness, low vision, or color blindness, Hand control issues ranging from tremors to total inability to use hands, Seizures caused by flashing on screen
Before a TCP connection is created, the web browser performs a/an ___________.
DNS lookup
This provides a way of organizing, accessing, and changing any part of a web page.
Document Object Model (DOM)
A <p> tag can have another <p> tag inside.
False
Websites have either an IP address or a domain name, but not both.
False
This represents the language used for a text file that describes a web page. I may contain links (hypertext) to other files on the web.
HTML
HTML - Common HTML tags
HTML is the language that describes the page content. <h1></h1> heading 1 is the largest. <p></p> paragraph <em></em> emphasis, strong < img src="......."> image, and url's source <a href = "...."> link
What is HTML and how is it used?
HyperText markup language (HTML) is the standard markup language for web documents. Hypertext is text that has links to other text (and today to images, videos, and more). Document markup is special markings in the document that provide additional information about links, formatting, and images. HTML also permits adding metadata like search engine keywords, author information, and language.
Role of the World Wide Web Consortium and the web
In the early 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee developed a more convenient way for computers to communicate files over the Internet. Berners-Lee named his creation the World Wide Web, or simply "the web". The web involved three things: 1.) Text files, known as HTML files, containing links to other text files. 2.) A program, known as a browser, for viewing HTML files. 3.) A set of rules, known as the HTTP protocol, for transferring HTML files among computers. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international standards organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standards, including HTML. HTML5 was the latest HTML standard released by the W3C in 2014.
Is the following HTML code valid or invalid?<p>We changed the <strong><em>font</strong></em> in this paragraph.</p>
Invalid
JavaScript - How is JavaScript used in a webpage?
JavaScript is the language that provides interactive functionality.
Quirks mode vs. standards mode
Omitting the DOCTYPE from an HTML document or placing any characters before the DOCTYPE causes the web browser to render the document in quirks mode. Quirks mode is a browser rendering mode that renders a web page using non-standard layout rules emulating older web browsers. A web page with the DOCTYPE is rendered using standards mode, which uses the HTML Living Standard.
This is a popular image format. This format is commonly used for line art and screenshots or images requiring transparency.
PNG
This is a web design approach that creates web pages that automatically move and resize parts depending on the display size and orientation.
Responsive Web Design
Basic networking concepts (HTTP, TCP/IP, DNS lookup)
The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a networking protocol that runs over TCP/IP and governs communication between web browsers and web servers. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a protocol suite that governs how packets of data are transferred over the Internet from one machine to another. Before HTTP communication begins, the web browser extracts the domain name from the URL being accessed and performs a DNS lookup. The web browser performs a DNS lookup by sending the domain name to the local DNS and getting back the IP address of the web server hosting the domain name. Ex: https://www.w3c.org/ has a domain name of www.w3c.org, and DNS translates www.w3c.org to the IP address 128.30.52.45.
Trends: Internet of Things and examples of technologies; Cognitive computing; Big data
The Internet of Things (abbreviated as IoT) is the global collection of communicating devices that sense and control technology on behalf of humans. IoT devices range from a simple temperature sensor to a satellite-based laser scanner used to discover archaeological sites hidden by vegetation. Cognitive computing is the use of artificial intelligence techniques and access to vast amounts of data to simulate human problem solving in complex situations with ambiguity, changing data, and even conflicting information.
How did the internet begin?
The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
Which is NOT a required attribute for images?
Title
What is the DNS server's primary role?
To convert the domain name to an IP address
An HTML validator checks that an HTML document conforms to the standard. Good practice is to use tools like the W3C Markup Validator to check document conformance.
True
Basic HTML5 tags
1.) The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration instructs the web browser about what type of document follows. 2.) The <html> opening and closing tags enclose everything but the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration. <html lang="en"> indicates that the document's language is English. 3.) The <meta> tag specifies metadata, which is data that describes the document's data. <meta charset="UTF-8"> describes how characters are represented in the HTML document. Additional <meta> tags may be used to indicate when the document was saved, who the author is, etc. 4.) The <title> opening and closing tags enclose the name of the document. The title is usually displayed in the titlebar of the browser, is used by search engines, and is used for bookmarking. 5.) The <body> opening and closing tags enclose all elements and content to be rendered in the browser. 6.) <br> line break
Common HTTP response status codes
404 Status Code- The website was reached (the domain name is valid and the web server is working), but the web server could not find the requested page, often due to a misspelling or out-of-date page link. 500- Internal Server Error (Something unexpected happened on the web server.) 403- Forbidden (The web server does not have permission to access the resource.) 302/304- requested at a different URL.
Which tag represents the HTML content displayed by the browser?
<body>The Florida State Seminoles</body>
How to add images to a page
<img src="www.google.com" alt="google">
How to create tables
<table> <tr>TABLE ROW <th>TABLE HEADER</th> </tr> <tr> <td>TABLE DATA</td> </tr> </table>
How to create lists (unordered and ordered)
<ul> <li></li> (Unordered, bullets) <li></li> </ul> <ol> <li></li> (Ordered, numbered) <li></li> </ol> OR <ul> <li></li> <ul> <li></li> <li></i> </ul>
CSS consists of a set of style rules about how to display the parts of a document. It is responsible for managing the document's presentation.
True
This hyperlink is used to send requests and responses that are readable only by the client and server. It is a secure protocol that encrypts requests and responses.
https