WEEK 1

Nurse Practice Act

Legislation enacted by each state that addresses the rules and regulations for nurses working in that state

Collaboration

working together with the interprofessional team to benefit the client

Hierachy of evidence

a rating system for research findings based upon the quality of the research design, the validity of the results, and the applicability of the information

systematic review

a review and evaluation of findings from multiple studies regarding the same phenomenon

The strongest evidence amongst all nursing research is

systematic review

National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)

-is a nonprofit organization created for nursing students to provide an introduction to professional development through national conventions, networking, and career development activities -produces a nursing magazine imprint which keeps nursing students up to date on the current trends and issues in nursing

The National Council Against Health Fraud (ncahf.org) and Quackwatch (quackwatch.org)

-is to evaluate the accuracy of information and service claims provided by websites

Nursing Process Steps

1. Assessment involves identification of the problem 2. Analysis focuses on formulating the research question 3. Planning entails designing the research method 4. Implementation seeks to recruit participants and collect data 5. Evaluation carries out analysis of the data collected and disseminates the results

The Nursing Process

Assessment - identification of the problem Planning - designing the research method Evaluation - analysis of the data and dissemination of the results Analysis - forming the PICOT question Implementation - recruiting participants and collecting data

A home health nurse is visiting a client who lives in an older home and is concerned about their childs exposure to lead paint in the house. The nurse should identify that which of the following is a potential health risk from exposure to lead paint? A) Strabismus B) Learning disabilities C)Dental caries D) Accelerated growth and development

B

A nurse is caring for a client who tells the nurse they want to quit smoking. The nurse provides the client with information about smoking cessation and other ways to improve their health. Which of the following nursing roles is the nurse demonstrating? Select all that apply. A) Advocate B) Collaborator C) Change manager D) Health promoter E)Nurse educator

D, E

Qualitative

Data in the form of words

"Lady with the lamp"

Florence Nightingale

Health promotion

Focuses on empowerment of clients with education, resources, and community support

Lifelong learning

Nurses educating themselves to keep current and maintain their license

The Healthy People 2030 initiates that :

The Healthy People 2030 initiative reinforces culture care as a social right for optimal health

Health literacy

clients knowledge about their own health management and decision making ability

credible websites

edu, gov, org

National Academy of Medicine

is a nonprofit private business that provides objective data intended to improve the health of the society

ANA Principles for Nursing Practice

provides practice information regarding issues such as social media, staffing, and pay for nursing staff

National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)

An organization for nursing students, which seeks to promote the profession and provide opportunities for leadership and scholarship

Table of Evidence

-a tool used to organize and display evidence findings from multiple articles regarding an interest -a table of evidence charts authors, years, title, research method, findings and recommendations

American Nurses Association (ANA)

Created the code of Ethics for Nursing

What can influence the health status of an individual?

- clean environment -access to urgent care -safety and security -mental health -healthy teeth and gums -sexual and reproductive health -access to preventive health (washing hands) -foot fitness and avoiding obesity -no tobacco use -no substance use

mixed method research

-combines qualitative studies, which explore experiences and quantitative designs which enumurate findings -used when either qualitative or quantitative studies alone would not adequately answer the question

Healthy Nurse Healthy Nation

-created by ANA -to promote healthy lifestyles

Healthy People

-established by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), with the intention of improving the overall health of Americans -sets new decade long goals and objectives every ten years based on the trends, issues, and data gathered on an ongoing basis -the longterm goal of Healthy People program is for the United States to become a world leader in population health, instead of leading in unwanted areas such as obesity and chronic diseases

Eddie Bernice Johnson

-faced segregation as a student. Was the first RN elected to the US Congress as a representative from Texas. She introduced STEM. -US Congressional Representative

Lead exposure can lead to

-lower rates of intelligence -speech -language -growth delays -speech difficulties -behavioral issues

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the International Self-Care Foundation's seven pillars of self care to a client. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A)"I will perform moderate exercise several times each week." B)"I will wash my hands for 10 seconds before I eat." C) "I will increase my dietary intake of simple sugars." D)"I will limit my sun exposure to 1 hour in the middle of the day."

A

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about modifiable risk factors to their health. Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of a modifiable risk factor? A) Tobacco use B) Age C) Family history D) Race

A

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the benefits of a healthy diet and regular exercise to achieve weight loss. Which of the following topics is the nurse reinforcing? A) Health promotion B) Disease prevention C) Nonmodifiable risk factors D) Tertiary prevention

A

Healthy Nurse Healthy Nation

A program focused on helping nurses become healthier

digital repository

A publicly shared electronic archive for research reports and data.

Who founded the Scope of Practice

ANA (American Nurses Association)

The NSNA's Code of Ethics identifies six core values

Advocacy Leadership and Autonomy Professionalism Care Diversity Quality Education

A nurse has accepted a position at a hospital in the state where they live. The nurse should identify that which of the following regulates the nurse's actions when they begin working A) American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements B)The state's Nurse Practice Act C) The National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) D) The National League for Nursing

B

ANA position statement

Provides an explanation and suggested course of action when there is a change in practice, practice concerns, or a topic related to nursing that needs to be addressed

Advocacy

Supporting the client or speaking up for the client when the client and their needs is unable to speak up for themselves

National Academy of Medicine

Supports a scientific, evidence-based approach to health issues impacting the world.

Audits

formal data collection process

Ildura Murillo-Rohde

founded the NAHA (National Association of Hispanic Nurses)

evidence-based practice

problem solving approach to making clinical decisions using the best evidence available

knowledge distillation

process of evaluating research findings and developing specific recommendations to direct the delivery of care

theory-practice gap

the gap between the obtainment of theoretical knowledge from research into its practical application in nursing

Change Management

the goal of nurse managers who help to bring about change with a goal to constantly improve the staff workflow and the client outcomes

Level VII Evidence Hierarchy

the lowest level of evidence consists of the opinions of experts on a specific topic

Dorethea Dix

- Educated the public about the poor conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill. More of a teacher -mental health awarness -indigenous rights

The difference between a meta analysis and a systematic review is:

A meta analysis utilizes statistics to determine the conclusions where as systematic review does not.

step 3- Competent

-ABLE TO PRIORITIZE TASKS BY DRAWING ON PAST EXPERIENCES -MASTERY IN MULTIPLE AREAS -RECOGNIZE PATTERS IN CLINICAL SITUATIONS MORE QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY THAN ADVANCE BEGINNERS

step 4- Proficient

-ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE BIGGER PICTURE -MODIFY PLANS IN THE FACE OF DIFFERENT EVENTS

the American Red Cross? formalized Nursing education?

Clara Barton

Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice

Identifies where, when, why, and how nursing occurs and the actions that all nurses are expected to perform competently

A newly licensed nurse is reviewing Benner's Novice to Expert Model for nursing competence. At which of the following stages does the nurse first develop the ability to prioritize by drawing on experience? A) Advance beginner B) Proficient C) Novice D)Competent

D

Dr. Patricia Benner

Novice to Expert is a theory

Scope of Practice for Nurses

outlines the rules for practicing within the boundaries of a specific nursing license

literacy

the ability to read and comprehend written text

disease prevention

-specific, population based, and individual based, interventions for primary and secondary prevention, aiming to minimize the burden of diseases and associated risk factors - examples: hand hygeine and immunizations

step 5- expert (Nursing role)

-HAS EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE TO DRAW FROM WHEN RESPONDING -NURSES HAVE SELF-CONFIDENCE AND TRUST THEIR INTUITIVE SELF -KNOW WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE

American Nurses Association (ANA)

-Professional organization that represents all registered nurses. -supports nurses health and wellness

secondary prevention

-Reducing the effects of an injury or illness that has already happened -Example: blood pressure measurement to detect hypertension, pap tests, routine colonoscopies

Nursing Process

-a framework that guides nurses in delivering client-focused care that takes the entire person into consideration

A nurse is performing the role of case manager for a client. Which of the following actions demonstrates this nursing role? A) Coordinating and overseeing the care the client is receiving B) Helping to develop nursing knowledge for clinical interventions C)Providing knowledgeable and compassionate care to promote health and address illness D)Instructing the client on specialized topics such as diabetes care

A

A nurse is reviewing the contributions of various nursing organizations that provides support in caring for clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following agencies provide The Nursing for Scope and Standards of Practice? A) The American Nurses Association (ANA) B) The American Academy of Nursing C)The National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) D) The National Academy of Medicine

A

A nurse at a clinic is providing free blood pressure screenings for clients. Which of the following levels of health prevention is the nurse demonstrating? A) Tertiary prevention B) Secondary prevention C) Primary prevention D) Quaternary care

B

Simulation is an educational experience that enhances the students learning of clinical skills and knowledge. Which of the best describes a simulation experience? A) Simulation is exactly like an clinical experience B) Students view simulation online for best learning C) The simulation experience does not require preparation D) Simulation is designed to be a safe learning experience

D

Code of Ethics for Nurses

Identifies behaviors and practices nurses should abide by to provide quality, ethical care

culturally competent care

being sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, and sexual orientation while providing care to nondominant populations

peer-reviewed journal

contains articles that have been reviewed by other professionals with similar licensure, education, and expertise to ensure quality and promote client safety -considered scholarly evidence

Quantitative

-Data that is in numbers -consist of numbers, counts, or measures that are collected and analyzed using statistics -participants in quantitative research are often divided into two groups, one group receives an intervention the other does not and then the outcomes are compared

primary prevention

-Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. -Example: vaccinations, safe sex

step 2- advanced beginner

-HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN REAL LIFE SITUATIONS AND -SHOULD BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE PATTERNS AND RECURRENT SITUATIONS -NEED CLINICAL SUPPORT TO HELP SET PRIORITIES

Risk Factor

-a condition that increases one's chances of disease or injury -can be categorized as modifiable and nonmodifiable

Wellness

-a positive state of health -may include spirituality, mental health, or mindfulness, physical, or environmental aspects

Illness-Wellness Continuum

-a useful tool to better understand health -developed by John W. Travis -displays health and illness along a continuum -The right side of the continuum displays a high level of health and wellness, while the other side reveals a high level of illness and poor health, including death. -The middle of the continuum is the neutral area in which neither wellness or illness is present

traditional research

-also known as implementation science -is not the same as EBP -focuses on determining the most effective methods to implement EBP across diverse client populations and settings

self care

-any activity individuals can utilize to promote their mental health and overall well being

Modifiable risk factors

-changeable or controllable -WHO has identified three common modifiable risk factors that are responsible for development and of the majority of chronic diseases: 1. an unhealthy and excessive diet 2. lack of physical exercise 3. the use of tobacco products -examples of modifiable risk factors: obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, high blood cholesterol

critical pathways

-critical tools used within health care organizations that utilize evidence based guidelines to manage the delivery of client care -

World Health Organization (WHO)

-defines health promotion as "the process on enabling people to increase control over and improve their health -interventions to improve health can be focused on either a national level or a individual level. -The government can take action improve the overall health of the public by implementing policies and funding science-based communication strategies such as placing a tax on unhealthy or harmful products such as alcohol and tobacco

clinical practice guidelines

-evidence based recommendations to be used as guidelines in the medical management of disease processes and in preventive care -nationally published recommendations for client care developed by physician groups and based on systematic review of evidence

patient and family centered care (PFCC)

-for all ages -The Institute of Medicine implementation of patient and family centered care for clients of all ages -focuses on involving clients and their sources of support whenever planning interventions to promote and maintain health well-being

Poverty

-has been established as a factor negatively effecting health outcomes -Low income clients are significantly more likely to report poor health and have higher rates of stroke, heart disease, chronic diseases, and diabetes -also increases the reports of stress, anxiety, and depression in clients

literature search

-involves the collection of information from credible sources -potential sources of evidence includes textbook, research findings, articles depicting practice recommendations, and credible websites -governmental agencies such as The Department of Health and Human Services, and nonprofit organizations focused on a specific disease such as The American Heart Association, often create and maintain credible websites

health education

-learning experiences that are designed to improve the health of an individual or community through increased knowledge or by influencing attitudes -for it to be effective it has to be written and presented for the client to easily grasp and understand

teritary prevention

-people who already have the disorder (prevents worsening or rolls back symptoms) -either acute or chronic -efforts to control a health issue that has already occurred or to slow the spread and prevent further illness -Example: complications cardiac rehabilitation for a patient that has had an heart attack,

quaternary care

-preventions that focus on protecting the clients from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than good -the use of medical tests, medications, and treatments that do not benefit the client

standards of care

-reflect the interventions that are typically implemented when caring for a client with a specific disorder -evidence based interventions implemented when caring for clients with a specific disorder

American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)

-the two most common writing style formats used in health care research

Five strategies to battle the opioid epidemic

1) Increased availability and access to treatment and recovery services 2) Greater use of overdose-reversing medications. Naloxone is a antidote that is widely availiable to nurses , first responders, providers, and the public, and can be used successfully with minimal training 3) Increased understanding of the epidemic through better public health education and tracking 4) Support for research on pain and addiction 5) Improved and expanded practices for pain management

International Self Care Foundation has identified seven pillars or principles that can be utilized to improve an individuals health :

1. Knowledge and health literacy - increase one's understanding and knowledge on wellness, health, and disease 2. Mental well being and self awarness - implement measures to improve one's life and satisfaction and an awareness of one's own health status 3. physical activity - participate in a moderate level of exercise several times a week 4. Healthy eating - consume healthy foods 5. Risk avoidance - practice safe sex, recieve vaccinations, avoid tobacco use, and limit alcohol intake 6. Good hygiene - practice handwashing, dental hygiene, and washing foods prior to consumption 7. Rational and responsible use of products and services, including prescription and non prescription medications, preventive health services, vitamins and supplements, and health and wellness services

The 6 Steps of EBP (evidence based practice)

1. identifying a problem 2. searching for credible sources of evidence 3. evaluating the findings 4. implementing recommendations 5. reviewing their effectiveness 6. disseminating (sharing) the results with others

Nursing research provides evidence and generates new knowledge while translational research helps translate research into practice

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A nurse is assisting a nurse manager who is providing education to a group of newly licensed nurses about various organizations. Which of the following statements should the nurse manager make? A) "The American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements guides nurses through difficult decision-making." B)"The National Academy of Medicine developed the Healthy People Campaign to improve the health of all americans," C) "The American Academy of Nursing requires members to have a doctorate degree in nursing to join

A

A nurse is caring for a client who reports experiencing chills and not feeling well. The nurse informs the client that they will need to have their temperature taken to monitor the manifestations. Which of the following terms describes that the nurses action is grounded research? A) Evidence-based practice B) Competencies C) Lifelong learning D) Change agent

A

A nurse is discussing culturally competent care with another nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? A)"Use a medical interpreter for a client who does not speak the same language." B)"Provide the client with information in print only so they can have it as a resource." C)"Provide standard educational materials to all clients for continuity." D)"Limit communication with the client if there is a language barrier."

A

Health outcomes

A change in the health status of an individual, group or population which is attributable to a planned intervention or series of interventions, regardless of whether such an intervention was intended to change health status

Spirit of Inquiry

A desire to understand the knowledge and skills required to provide the best possible care for clients and families. -is marked by an ongoing curiosity about the best evidence to guide clinical decision making. -^This curiosity and an awareness of existing limitations in nursing practice are referred to as "Step Zero" in EBP

Nurse case manager

A nurse who manages the clients health care needs in the hospital or when navigating outside care facilities

A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client to the hospital for reports of leg pain. The client states that they would like to practice their cultural beliefs while hospitalized. Which of the following options should the nurse offer to the client in order to provide competent care? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. A) LISTEN TO THE CLIENTS REQUEST WITH RESPECT AND COMPASSION B) LET THE CLIENT KNOW THAT THEIR CULTURAL BELIEFS WILL BE CHECKED ON AFTER THE ASSIGNED NURSING BREAK C) REASSURE THE CLIENT THAT THEY CAN PRACTICE THEIR CULTURAL BELIEFS IF SAFE TO SELF AND OTHERS D) EXPLAIN TO THE CLIENT THAT THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE IN A PUBLIC SPACE E) PROVIDE RESOURCES TO MEET THE CLIENTS CULTURAL NEEDS

A, C,E

A nurse is reviewing the contributions made by various nursing organizations that have impacted the nursing profession. The nurse should identify that which of the following are contributions made by The American Nurses Association (ANA) Select all that apply. A) Providing a definition of nursing B) Lobbying for whistle blower protection C) Providing objective data to improve the health of society D) Providing all registered nurses with competency expectations E)Providing the nursing magazine Imprint

A,B,D

Which of the following are Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing that are still used today? A) evidence-based practice B) hand hygeine C) data collection D)documentation

ALL

Code of Ethics For Nursing

ANA's rules for professional behavior of nurses

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for an antihypertensive medication. The nurse should identify that antihypertensive medications are used for which of the following types of prevention? A) Secondary prevention B) Tertiary prevention C) Primary prevention D) Quaternary prevention

B

A nurse in a long term care facility took a picture of a client and posted it on the internet. This action by the nurse is an example of which of the following? A) Serving as an advocate for the client B) Violating the code of ethics for nurses C) Participating in the Healthy People 2030 program D) Demonstrating collaboration

B

A nurse is assisting with a presentation for the other nurses about the opioid epidemic. Which of the following is a strategy promoted by the US Health and Human Services to address this epidemic? A) Continue to evaluate if the use of opioids improves on its own B) Educate nurses and other health care personnel about naloxone C) Keep the issue private to avoid embarrassment D)Reduce efforts to explore alternative pain management practices until the opioid crisis is over

B

A nurse is caring for a client that who reports an improved diet, exercising 30 min a day for 5 days a week, and an overall sense of improved health. The nurse should identify that the client is describing a positive state of health known as which of the following? A) Health promotion B) Wellness C) Health outcomes D) Disease prevention

B

A nurse is preparing to administer an influenza vaccine to a client. The client states that they understand being immunized will help protect them against the influenza virus. Which of the following concepts is the nurse demonstrating by administering the vaccine? A)Health promotion B)Disease prevention C)Health outcomes D)Wellness

B

A nurse is reviewing the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Future of Nursing report to better understand proposed educational requirements of nurses. Which of the following organizations is responsible for publishing this report? A) The American Nurses Association B) The National Academy of Medicine C) State board of Nurasing D) American Association of Colleges of Nursing

B

A nurse is reviewing the health history of a client during a routine office visit. Which of the following observations by the nurse is an example of the client demonstrating health literacy? A) The client states they want to improve their current knowledge about their health B) The client states that they understand their health care information and treatments C) The client requests a meeting with the nurse, the physical therapist, and the provider. D) The client ask for information that will help them improve their eating habits

B

A nurse is speaking to a client who smokes tobacco and has a child living in the home. The nurse identify that the childs exposure to second hand smoke is an example of which of the following? A) Cultural B)Environmental C) Societal D)Heredity

B

A nursing student expresses a desire to become more involved with the nursing profession on a national level. Which of the following organizations should the student join? A) The National League for Nursing B) The National Student Nurses Association C)The National Academy of Medicine D) The International Council of Nurses

B

A nurse is explaining to a newly licensed nurse that caring for clients involves lifelong learning by the nurse. The nurse should include which of the following as examples of learning opportunities for nurses? A) nursing blogs or opinions B) Online continuing education journal articles C) Nursing skill refresher opportunties D) Continuing education presentations E) Participating in healthcare research

B,C,D,E

A nurse is caring for a client who asks about healthy choices to lose weight. The nurse shares information from Healthy People 2030 to address the clients questions. Which of the following describes the Healthy People initiative? A) It is a program for health care practitioners to get healthy B) It is a social media platform for nurses C) It is a set of objectives for improving the health of American lives D) It is a rehabilitation program for clients who have substance use disorders

C

A nurse is describing to another nurse how to use social media in client care. Which of the following examples should the nurse include as an acceptable use of social media? A) Posting a comment on social media about facility staffing shortages B) Accepting a social media friend request from a client C) Reviewing the use of a fitness application with a client D) Sharing client information with a coworker in a private social media message

C

A nurse is discussing health literacy with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A) The clients signature on the discharge instructions ensures they understood the instructions B) Clients who can read and write demonstrate health literacy C) A clients comprehension of education can be affected by low health literacy D) Health literacy affects only a small portion of clients who are cared for within the health care system

C

A nurse is discussing the Healthy People initiative with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A)The program focuses on decreasing the occurrence of cancer in people B)The program focuses upon issues related to global health C)The program focuses on providing goals and data for the improved public health D)The program focuses on reducing the viruses acquired by people

C

A nurse is preparing to give a presentation to a group of clients in the community about Healthy People. The nurse knows that which of the following options should be included? A) Health data from the last 50 years B) Financial recommendations C) Goals and objectives for healthy habits D) Personal information about local people

C

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of guardians about primary prevention techniques. Which of the following topics should the nurse include as an example of primary prevention? A) Emphasizing the importance of well-child visits for the child B) Encouraging children who have asthma to participate in extracurricular activities C)Taking measures to decrease the risk of childhood injuries within the home D)Promoting a healthy lifestyle for children who are overweight

C

A nurse is reviewing historical nursing data and how it has impacted nursing care. The nurse should identify that which of the following nursing pioneers is credited with first evidence based practice caring for clients? A) Clara Barton B) Dorthea Dix C)Eddie Bernice Johnson D) Florence Nightingale

D

A nurse who completed their shift realized they forgot to take a client's vital signs as frequently as prescribed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to uphold the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements? A) Take the clients vital signs now and document them as being completed 8 hr earlier B) Document vital signs that are the same as those obtained earlier C) Make a reminder note to be more diligent when returning the next day D) Report this omission to the charge nurse and the nurse on the next shift

D

step 1- novice (Nursing role)

NEW NURSES WHO HAVE NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE NURSES CANNOT YET DRAW ON THEIR OWN

PICOT

P: Population, is the very specific group that is the focus of the investigation; should be defined as narrowly as possible I: Intervention - compromises the treatment or action for which the nurse would like to investigate the effectiveness C: Comparison - should identify the currently utilized intervention or alternative therapy O: Outcome - addresses the result of the actions or interventions that the nurse is questioning T: Time - is optional and may not be required for every inquiry

Which nursing organization wrote the Code of Ethics for Nurses?

The American Nurses Association (ANA)

abstract

a brief summary of the paper which includes the purpose of the study, the basic study design, the findings, and researchers conclusion

Opioid Epidemic

a national health crisis created by ease of access to opioids and these medications addictive properties

Non-modifiable risk factors

age, gender, genetic factors, family history cannot be changed

Healthy People 2030

an initiative by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which sets goals and objectives for the public aimed at promoting the health of the nation

change agent

an innovator or proponent of change in health care. Nurses are a change agent when they see a need, and then take action to CHANGE it for the better

Level I Evidence Hierarchy

is considered the highest level or best evidence to support practice changes -comes from a systematic review or a meta-analysis

healthy literacy

knowledge of health information needed to make good choices about your health

Advocacy

speaking up for clients needs when the clients are unable to speak for themselves, and supporting clients to make choices for their own health

nursing research

the process of creating evidence focused on advancing solutions to health care problems

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

critical appraisal

the process of reviewing a research study to determine validity, reliability, and applicability to the investigators search for evidence

meta-analysis

the utilization of statistics to combine research samples, methods, and findings from many studies regarding the same phenomenon