Week 1: Nature of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science

Fields of Anthropology

1. Cultural Anthropology 2. Linguistic Anthropology 3. Archaeology 4. Biological Anthropology

Goals of Anthropology

1. Discover what all people have in common — By studying commonalities (folklores, traditions, language, etc.) in all humanity, we could understand more about the human's nature

Goals in the Study of Political Science

1. Education of citizens, equipping them to charge the obligations of democratic citizenship. 2. Essential part of liberal education. 3. Seeks to gather knowledge and understanding of government, how it operates, the conduct of elections, who are his representatives, among others. 4. Enables every Filipino to discharge and exercise more intelligently and more efficiently his duties as a citizen. 5. A particularly useful equipment for the Filipinos who desires to participate effectively and usefully in our political growth and development.

The Scientific Study of Sociology enables us to:

1. Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life. 2. Critically study the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society. 3. Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other. An individual's personal history is connected to his/her environment's history, which is also tied into the nation's history. 4. Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts, which are acquired through empirical process. Incidentally, it makes us realize our prejudices on various social issues. 5. Expose our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth. For instance, some theorists (especially social philosophers) argue that the truth is relative. This sociological viewpoint diminishes the theory that there is an absolute truth. Furthermore, the determination whether an action/behavior is good or bad depends on one's social norms.

Major Scopes of Political Science

1. Political Theory 2. Public Law 3. Public Administration 4. Comparative Politics 5. International Relations

Branches of Sociology

1. Social Psychology 2. Social Organization 3. Applied Sociology 4. Population Studies 5. Human Ecology 6. Sociological Theory and Research

Goals of Anthropology

2. Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior — This new knowledge is then applied in an attempt to alleviate human challenges.

Goals of Anthropology

3. Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve diversity — Anthropology attempts to answer questions like, "What does it mean to be a Filipino and a citizen of the world?" It is not enough that anthropologists find out the characteristics that make Filipinos unique, it is also important to emphasize the Filipino traits that makes them "one" with the rest of the world.

3. Public Administration

Actual management and implementation of government policies and programs.

4. Biological Anthropology

Also known as "physical anthropology", this refers to the study of humans as biological organisms including their evolution and contemporary variation. It seeks to describe the distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary populations and to sort out and measure the relative contributions made by heredity, environment, and culture to human biology.

4. Comparative Politics

Covers the study of political experience within more than one nation-state for the purpose of making systematic comparisons.

1. Political Theory

Deals with the entire body of doctrines relating to the origin, behavior and purposes of state.

5. International Relations

Focuses on the political issues and foreign affairs affecting the world today.

6. Sociological Theory and Research

It focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools, methods, and techniques to scientifically explain a particular sociological issue.

Sociology (2)

It focuses on various social connections, institutions, organizations, structures, and processes.

Sociology (3)

It gathers social inputs which are composed of frequent forms and manners namely: attitude, viewpoints, consolidated values, and norms of social institutions which form part of social array.

Anthropology

It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change, and world history.

Political Science (2)

It is a study of the complex behavior of various political actors such as the government administration, opposition, and subjects.

Sociology (1)

It is a systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect their behavior.

Political Science (1)

It is an academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors.

Anthropology

It is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity.

Anthropology

It is the study of humankind in all times and all places.

Political Science (3)

It is the systematic study of political and government institutions and processes

5. Human Ecology

It pertains to the study of the effects of various social organizations (religious organizations, political institutions and etc.) to the population's behavior.

7. Social Change

It studies factors that cause social organization and social disorganization like calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual social change, health and welfare problems, political instability, unemployment and underemployment, child and women's issue, etc.

2. Public Law

Law that deals with the: a. Origin of the government b. Limitations of government authority c. Powers and duties of government offices and officers d. Obligations of one state to another

2. Linguistic Anthropology

Refers to the study of communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among humans. It includes the study of communication's origins, history, and contemporary variation.

1. Cultural Anthropology

Refers to the study of living people and their cultures including variation and change. It deals with the description and analysis of the forms and styles and the social lives of past and present ages. Cultural anthropologists also study art, religion, migration, marriage, and family.

3. Archaeology

Refers to the study of past human cultures through their material remains. It is the study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of artifacts.

1. Social Psychology

This area focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect individual or responses which are called "social stimuli".

4. Population Studies

This area includes size, growth, demographic characteristics, composition, migration, changes, and quality vis-à-vis economic, political, and social systems.

2. Social Organization

This includes the study of social institutions, social inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.

3. Applied Sociology

This is concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations. The goal of applied sociology is to assist in resolving social problems through the use of sociological research.