Week 3 Pop Nursing 325
1420 people in a population of 200,000 are living with epilepsy during a certain time period. Calculate the prevalence rate. Enter the answer as the number (to the closest tenth) per 1000 people .per 1000 people
6.25 The infant mortality rate is calculated as: Number of infant deaths in one year <1 year of age /Number of live births in same year*k Number of infant deaths in one year <1 year of ageNumber of live births in same year*k An infant mortality rate of 200 infant deaths <1 year of age among 32,000 live births is: 20032,000*100= 6.25 deaths per 1000 live births
Which statement accurately describes the relative change in incidence or prevalence rates when an individual with a chronic condition, such as cataracts, has surgery and recovers fully from the condition?
7.1 Prevalence Rate = Number of existing cases in the population during a particular period of time /Size of population in the same time period*k
According to the National Center for Health Statistics in 2014, which age group has the highest number of age-specific deaths?
80 years and up Rationale The older adult population 80 years and up had the highest mortality rate of 19,352 in the year 2014. People in the 10-to-19 age group had a mortality rate of 59/year. People in the 40-to-49 age group had 513/year. Infants under the age of one had 588/year.
The public health nurse is visiting an elementary school to speak about primary prevention at an assembly for third through sixth graders. Which prevention intervention(s) would the nurse select to present to this audience?
A video about proper bike helmet useTeaching proper bike helmet use is a good example of primary prevention in this age group. Primary prevention aims to keep problems from occurring. Correct A slideshow about how to read hazard stickers on household chemicalsTeaching how to read hazard stickers on household chemicals is a good example of primary prevention in this age group. Primary prevention aims to keep problems from occurring.
The public health nurse is determining the origin of an outbreak of food poisoning in the community. Which type of incidence rate would the nurse report?
Attack Rationale The public health nurse would determine the attack rate for an outbreak of food poisoning in the community. Mortality is the death rate. Morbidity is the rate for illnesses, but does not report the incidence of food poisoning. Prevalence is the number of current cases, not new cases of a disease.
Which chronic conditions would remove people from the prevalence pot after treatment?
Cataracts Cholelithiasis Osteoarthritis Rationale Chronic conditions that can be successfully treated with organ removal or implants (cataracts, cholelithiasis, and osteoarthritis) do not decrease the prevalence, but do decrease the incidence. Heart failure and hypertension are chronic diseases that are manageable with medication but do not remove people from the prevalence pot.Test-Taking Tip: Make certain that the answer you select is reasonable and obtainable under ordinary circumstances and that the action can be carried out in the given situation.
Which population-based nursing interventions are examples of secondary prevention?
Conducting blood pressure checks at a health fairConducting blood pressure checks at a health fair is a screening intervention, which is secondary prevention. Correct Administering prescribed medication to cure an acute infectionAdministering prescribed medication to cure an infection is secondary prevention because it treats and resolves a short-term health condition. Advising individuals about recommended age-specific health screenings Advising individuals about recommended age-specific health screenings is a screening-related intervention, which is secondary prevention.
Which elements comprise the epidemiological triangle model of disease causality?
Correct HostHost is one of the three elements of the epidemiological triangle. Host refers to the human who can get the disease. Correct Agent Environment Environment is one of the three elements of the epidemiological triangle. Environment refers to extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure.
As the nurse is researching morbidity and mortality, what statistics would be included under the mortality rate?
Crude death rates Age-specific death rates Infant and maternal death rates
Which factors affect prevalence rates?
Duration Incidence Rationale Prevalence rates are determined by the duration of the illness and the number of people who experience a condition (incidence). Location, mortality, and chronicity do not affect prevalence, morbidity, or mortality.Test-Taking Tip: Make certain that the answer you select is reasonable and obtainable under ordinary circumstances and that the action can be carried out in the given situation.
Match the level of prevention to its aims.
Early detection, treatment, and cure of disease, illness, or injury Primary prevention Improvement of general well-being and protection from specific diseases Secondary prevention Limitation of existing disease progression and mitigation of debilitation Tertiary prevention
A nurse identifies that there are 247 new cases of syphilis in the community. This an example of what?
Frequency Rationale Frequency refers to the number of health events, such as the number of cases in a population, or 247 cases of syphilis in the community. Pattern refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person. Distribution is the measure used to describe observations of health events. Surveillance is the ongoing data gathering and monitoring of public health.Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that content is critical to your choosing the correct response. Be alert for words in the stem of the item that are the same or similar in nature to those in one or two of the options .
What is an example of a social environment determinant of health?
Gender Rationale Social environment determinants of health include gender, discrimination, and income. Age is an example of biology or genetics. Alcohol use is an example of individual behavior. Access to health insurance is an example of health services. p. 268
Match the public health functions to their branch of epidemiology.
Health event surveillance and monitoring Descriptive epidemiology Investigation of causes and factors contributing to health events Analytic epidemiology
Which statement best explains incidence in relation to morbidity rates?
Incidence is the new number of cases of any disease. Rationale When researching and reporting epidemiology, incidence is the new number of cases of a disease. Prevalence is the total number of existing cases. The mortality rate involves fatalities from a disease. The rate of illness occurrence in a population is the morbidity rate.
Which core terms define the distribution of health events observed within a population?
Pattern Pattern is a defining term of epidemiologic distribution. Pattern refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person. Frequency Frequency is a defining term of epidemiologic distribution. It refers to the number of health events and the relationship of that number to the size of the population.
Epidemiologic data indicate an increase in dental caries (cavities) in a certain population. The population-based nurse launches a health promotion campaign promoting basic oral hygiene at home, and lobbies for fluoridation of water in the area. This epidemiologic data influenced changes to public health services at which level of prevention?
Primary The intervention changes proposed (health promotion and specific prevention) occur at the primary level of prevention.
Which population-based nursing interventions are examples of tertiary prevention?
Promoting active healthy lifestylesPromoting active healthy lifestyles is a primary prevention intervention, as it aims to prevent health problems or diseases from developing. Correct Organizing handwashing campaignsOrganizing handwashing campaigns is a primary prevention intervention, as it aims to keep a disease (infection) from developing. Correct Creating a campaign against drug useCreating a campaign against drug use is a primary prevention intervention, as it aims to keep a problem from developing. Developing a plan for community walking paths Developing a plan for community walking paths is a primary prevention intervention, as it aims to prevent health problems or diseases from developing.
What is the function of a comparison group in analytic epidemiology?
Provides baseline data to quantify the association between suspected causes and effects Comparison groups provide data to quantify the association between suspected causes and effects, and test hypotheses about specific determinants as causal agents of disease.
What is the main purpose of epidemiologic surveillance?
Provides data for making public health decisions Surveillance is the purposeful and on-going acquisition, interpretation, and synthesis of data for decision making about interventions conducted in local and national public health programs.
Match the rate to its description
Rate of death Mortality rate Rate of disease Morbidity rate Infant death rate Infant mortality rate Main types of morbidity rates Incidence and prevalences
The results of epidemiologic studies guide tertiary level prevention activities resulting in which patient outcomes?
Reducing mortality Limiting debilitating events Improving the quality of life Managing chronic diseases Rationale Reducing mortality, limiting debilitating events, managing chronic diseases, and improving the quality of life are related to tertiary level prevention activities that are guided by epidemiological studies. Screening for chronic diseases is related to secondary prevention activities.
Match each rate to its description.
The prevalence rate decreases. The cure of this individual's cataracts causes one person to be removed from the existing cataracts cases count and lowers the prevalence rate of cataracts in the population.
Data from a statewide health survey indicate an increase in falls at home among adults over the age of 65. The public health nurse launches a campaign to address this increase. Which strategies would be appropriate secondary prevention activities to include in this campaign?
The screening method for the STD in local clinics and care centers. The data indicate that the screening method for possible disease would benefit from change. This would be a change in secondary prevention strategies.
When is the wheel model of disease causation more applicable than the epidemiological triangle model?
When analyzing complex chronic conditions with multiple causes The wheel model of human-environment interaction is more useful for analyzing complex chronic conditions and identifying factors that are amenable to intervention because it subscribes to multiple-causation rather than single-causation disease theory.
Which rates are examples of morbidity reporting?
correct Incidence rate of a chronic diseaseIncidence (new cases) rate of a chronic disease in a population is an example of morbidity (illness) reporting. Incidence rate is a type of morbidity rate. Correct Attack rate of an infectious diseaseAttack rate of an infectious disease is an example of morbidity (illness) reporting. The attack rate is a specialized form of the incidence rate. Attack rates document the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to the disease. Correct Prevalence rate of a chronic diseasePrevalence (new and existing cases) rate of a chronic disease in a population is an example of morbidity (illness) reporting. Prevalence rate is a type of morbidity rate.
What is the rationale for the public health nurse to research epidemiologic rates in an area?
to track health trends over time To determine extent of a health problem o compare information among demographics and locations Rationale The public health nurse researches epidemiological rates in an area to track health trends, determine the extent of health problems, and compare information among different areas and people. The nurse uses contact within the community to obtain information. A census, not epidemiological rates, would provide information about the number of people in a community.