Week 7: Chapter 14: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations
A procedure for resolving collective bargaining impasses in which a person with no formal authority acts as a facilitator and go-between in negotiations is referred to as _____.
mediation
The impasse resolution procedure that has a facilitator with no formal authority is called _____.
mediation
The impasse resolution procedure that has a facilitator with no formal authority is called ______.
mediation
Western European countries have ______.
more government regulation and higher union membership rates than the United States
The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) represents labor interests at the ______ level.
national
The majority of union members belong to a ______ or international union.
national
Since the 1960s, government regulations have ______.
resulted in fewer areas where unions can provide worker rights beyond those specified by law
Laws known as ______ make certain union security provisions, such as maintenance of membership, illegal.
right-to-work laws
Public sector workers have _____.
seen substantial union growth among white-collar workers
The union security provision known as a(n) ______ requires a person to join the union within a certain amount of time after being hired.
union shop
When applicants can obtain employment prior to being a union member, but are required to join the union within a certain amount of time, this is known as a(n) ______,
union shop
In states that adopted right-to-work laws, which of the following union security provisions are illegal? (Select all that apply.)
union shops agency shops maintenance of membership
If a company has a number of different production facilities, how able would the company be to deal with a workers' strike in a production facility?
very able
If a company has a number of different production facilities, how able would the company be to deal with a workers' strike?
very able
One benefit of union membership that employers cannot provide employees is a(n) ______.
voice that is independent
In 2016 most of the strikes in the United States involved ______.
white-collar workers
Dunlop suggested that in an industrial relations system, conflict between Blank______ is unavoidable.
workers and managers
What are the two questions that are asked when people decide to join a union? (Select all that apply.)
Is union membership the most effective means of change? Is there a mismatch between employment circumstances and expectations?
How does increasing foreign competition influence unions?
It increases employer resistance to unions.
Which of the following would be a likely reason employees might opt for associate union membership?
They wish to join a union but their workplace is not organized by a union.
True or false: Most of the day-to-day interaction between labor and management happens at the local union level.
True
True or false: The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), when passed in 1935, did not spell out any unfair labor practices by labor unions.
True
True or false: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) does not commence actions when unfair labor practices occur, but instead responds to formal requests for action.
True
Which of the following impasse resolution procedures results in a settlement (in theory) every time?
arbitration
A form of union membership by which the union receives dues in exchange for services but does not provide representation in collective bargaining is referred to as a(n)______ union membership.
associate
The aspect of the labor-management negotiation process that refers to the relationship and level of trust between the negotiators is called ______.
attitudinal structuring
Over half of all charges against employers in unfair labor practice cases involving unions concerns a refusal to ______.
bargain
Labor-management contracts vary from each other in their ______.
bargaining structure
Unions have traditionally _____.
been strongest in urban areas
When considering union membership, people question if there is a gap between actual compensation and what they ______.
believe they should receive
Studies show that structural changes in the economy have ______.
caused no more than one-fourth of the decrease in union membership
One aspect of union security, known as a(n) ______, requires an employer to deduct union dues from employees' paychecks.
checkoff provision
Employees are required to be union members before they are hired by an employer in a(n) ______.
closed shop
Which of the following types of union security provisions is illegal under the original terms of the NLRA?
closed shop
Taking action on behalf of a group in order to address working conditions is an example of ______, regardless of whether employees are represented by a union or not.
concerted activity
Why are employers actively resisting unionization?
control cost maintain flexibility
Which of the following are outcomes that are pursued by management in labor relations? (Select all that apply.)
control costs increase productivity of workers
Union activities that intend to exert public, financial or political pressure on employers during the union-organizing process are known as ______ campaigns.
corporate
Generally, when management deals with employees, they______.
deal with them as individuals
According to the labor relations framework, the environment and context refers to forces that impact the labor relations system and include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
globalization laws stakeholder needs
The organizational chart of the AFL-CIO indicates that there are a number of trade and industrial departments that are part of the organization. Which of the following is NOT among those departments?
grocery store trades
When negotiating a first contract, unions are unable to accomplish this task in ______% of cases.
27-37
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) holds a union representation election when at least ______% of employees in the bargaining unit sign authorization cards?
30
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) holds a union representation election when at least ______% of employees in the bargaining unit sign authorization cards? Multiple choice question.
30
A survey showed that about ______ of nonunion workers were covered in a management-controlled representation system.
33%
Which of the following are conditions under which management can weather a strike? (Select all that apply.)
A company is not highly labor-intensive.Demand for a product is not very strong.Unemployment rates are high.
Which of the following are examples of conduct that would require the NLRB to discount an election? (Select all that apply.)
A manager makes a speech on company time to workers less than 24 hours before an election. A union representative promises workers that the union will increase workers' pay. A union representative uses physical force against a worker to influence how she votes.
How do unions increase productivity?
They allow workers a greater voice to give suggestions to management.
Although not technically a union, the Blank______ is an association that works to further the common goals of its member unions at the national level.
AFL-CIO
Which of the following are recommendations made by Fossum for management preparing for negotiation with a union? (Select all that apply.)
Agree upon goals to work toward in the negotiation.Be ready for a strike.Understand how much saying "yes" to union demands may cost the company.
Which of the following are unfair employer labor practices identified in the NLRA? (Select all that apply.
Impeding the creation of a labor union discriminating against workers who are union members refusing to bargain collectively with certain unions
What are the possible reasons why there may be a lack of employees using the grievance procedure?
Employees are afraid to file a grievance. Employees do not think the negotiation process can be effectual.
Which of the following statements regarding agency shops is accurate?
Employees of the firm may choose never to become members of the union.
Which of the following are among the principles suggested by Fisher and Ury in their book Getting to Yes? (Select all that apply.)
Establish that the outcome of the negotiations process should be grounded on an objective benchmark. Differentiate between the problem and the people involved. Brainstorm numerous possibilities before deciding what course to take.
True or false: The United States has a higher percentage of employees who are unionized than any other country.
False
How do unions directly and indirectly affect company profits?
Firms become more competitive when unions are weakened. Strikes can decease profits for suppliers of the struck companies. The research and development budget is lower when there are unions.
A procedure for resolving collective bargaining impasses in which a person with no formal authority acts as a facilitator and go-between in negotiations is referred to as
Mediation
Which organization works to make sure that employees have the ability to make up their own minds regarding union membership?
NLRB
Which of the following union organizations has the greatest number of members?
National Education Association
"Concerted activity" is protected by the ______.
National Labor Relations Act
What legislation, passed in 1935, ensured that collective bargaining would be the favored method to resolve conflict between managers and workers?
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
Unfair labor practices by employers are identified and spelled out in which section of the NLRA?
Section 8
Which part of the United States is less heavily organized than the rest?
South
What are the three ways in which unions decrease productivity?
Strikes and slowdowns cause lost production. The contract with the union limits the amount and type of work an employee can do. The union pay advantage causes employers to use less labor and more capital per worker, which reduces efficiency.
Data on strikes confirm which of the following statements?
Strikes tend to be an exception to normal circumstances. Strikes are more common among white-collar personnel.
Which of the following statements describe the situation with public-sector unions? (Select all that apply.)
Teachers have two of the largest unions in the nation. Federal employee strikes are illegal. Local employees strike more than federal employees.
Which of the following statements are true about local unions? (Select all that apply.)
The administration of the union contract is carried out largely at the local union level. The local of an industrial-based union may correspond to a single large facility. The local of a craft-oriented union may cover a region.
Which of the following may occur when more than 50 percent of employees in the bargaining unit sign authorization cards?
The union may request that the employer voluntarily recognizes it.
What were the results when foreign automakers began to present a competitive threat to U.S. companies? (Select all that apply.)
U.S. automakers lost market share.U.S. autoworker employment was reduced.
Which of the following statements about union membership in the United States since the 1950s is true?
Union membership has gradually decreased as a percentage of employment.
Which of the following countries has the lowest unionization rate (union density)?
United States
In his book Industrial Relations Systems, author John Dunlop identified four elements of a successful industrial relations system, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a common ideology shared rules of the game
An employee must pay union membership dues but is not required to join the union in a(n) ______.
agency shop
Which of the following are objectives for reducing the antagonism in relations between labor and management?
decreasing work rules and increasing management flexibility increasing worker commitment, motivation, and problem solving
The part of the labor-management negotiation process that focuses on dividing a fixed economic "pie" is referred to as ______.
distributive bargaining
The part of the labor-management negotiation process that focuses on dividing a fixed economic "pie" is referred to as______.
distributive bargaining
Compared to nonunion workers, union members tend to ______.
earn higher wages
Which of the following are examples of craft unions? (Select all that apply.)
electrical workers' union plumbers' union
Labor unions were designed to ______.
equalize the bargaining power of workers and management
The most common unfair labor practice grievance relates to ______.
failure to bargain
As required by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), the duty of ______ representation is a requirement for all members of a bargaining unit to have equal access to and representation by the union.
fair
As required by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), the duty of______ representation is a requirement for all members of a bargaining unit to have equal access to and representation by the union.
fair
Scholars assert that the United States has a more pragmatic, business-oriented unionism due to the absence of ______ like that found in western Europe. (Select all that apply.)
feudalismclass distinctions
Which of the following are unfair employer labor practices identified in the NLRA? (Select all that apply.)
impeding the creation of a labor union discriminating against workers who are union members refusing to bargain collectively with certain unions
Which of the following are factors related to unions themselves that contributed to a decline in union membership? (Select all that apply.)
inability to adjust to structural economic shifts corruption
Which of the following are outcomes that are pursued by labor unions in labor relations?
increasing compensation determining work rules
According to the organizational chart of the AFL-CIO, building and construction and maritime trades are all examples of ______ departments.
industrial
Labor unions' greatest positive contribution to society is _____.
institutionalizing industrial conflict resolution
Labor unions' greatest positive contribution to society is ______.
institutionalizing industrial conflict resolution
The part of the labor-management negotiation process that seeks solutions beneficial to both sides is referred to as ______ bargaining
integrative
The part of the labor-management negotiation process that seeks solutions beneficial to both sides is referred to as ______, bargaining
integrative
Considering the attitudinal structure in a given management and labor relationship, when the relationship is poor, it may be difficult for the two sides to engage in which of the following?
integrative bargaining
The attitude of American workers toward unions ______.
is one of significant interest
Unions have a(n) ______ effect on company profits.
largely negative
Fossum recommends that in preparing for a negotiation that management prepare for a potential strike. Which of the following are actions management might consider when completing this planning? (Select all that apply.)
lining up replacement workers ensuring facilities' security
The Taft-Hartley Act of the NLRA allowed states to disallow the union security provision known as ______.
maintenance of membership
The union security provision known as ______ requires union members to remain members of the union for some specified period of time.
maintenance of membership
One major goal of a labor union in negotiations is bargaining effectiveness, which provides the union the power and influence to accomplish which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
make the voices of the employees heardb effect changes in the workplace
Goal attainment, according to the labor relations framework, is achieved at which of the following levels? (Select all that apply.)
management employees and unions society
Of the following, which are basic strategies used by management to avoid unionization? (Select all that apply.)
pay employees equitably actively oppose unionization of workforce
When negotiating contracts, Fisher and Ury suggest separating the ______ from the problem.
people
A union initiates a corporate campaign to raise the wages for miners in the United States. What types of pressure can this exert on mine owners and operators? (Select all that apply.)
political public financial
Which of the following are reasons management might discourage unionization of its workforce? (Select all that apply.)
production disruptions if workers strike fear of being forced to increase employee compensation
Which of the following are programs that seek to decrease the adversarial relationship between labor and management? (Select all that apply.)
profit sharing with employees labor-management problem solving teams self-managed employee teams
One way companies utilize human resources management to avoid unionization is to _____.
provide the same benefits a union would provide
A fact finder, a person who reports reasons for labor-management disputes and offers ideas for resolution, is most frequently used in disputes that occur in the _____.
public sector
An important element in the relative power of employers and unions during collective bargaining is the ability of each party to withstand a(n) .
strike
An important element in the relative power of employers and unions during collective bargaining is the ability of each party to withstand a(n) ______.
strike
Which of the following is an important component of bargaining power for a union?
the ability to strike
Which of the following employee rights were protected in Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)? (Select all that apply.)
the right to bargain collectively the right to join a labor union
Which of the following are examples of union unfair labor practices as defined by the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act? (Select all that apply.)
threatening employees with physical violence to coerce them to join the union picketing in a way that prevents nonstriking workers from entering company premises
The conflicting goals of employers and unions are resolved ______.
through a negotiation process
Why do unions negotiate checkoff provisions with employers?
to maintain the security and survival of the union
Which of the following are the major functions of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)? (Select all that apply.)
to stop labor practices that are unfair to manage and verify representation elections of unions