Week 7: Infection

The nurse is reviewing instructions for vaginal antifungal drugs with a client. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate instruction regarding these drugs?

"Abstain from sexual intercourse until the treatment has been completed and the infection has resolved."

During a telehealth visit after taking ribavirin to treat hepatitis C, the client shares that their grandson is taking the same medication as a breathing treatment. They would like to know if they should be doing the same. What is the best response by the nurse?

"Although it is the same medication, the oral form is indicated for treating hepatitis."

Which statement, made by the mother of a 13-year-old being treated for a herpes simplex infection on the right forearm, indicates a need for further treatment?

"He has an area on his stomach starting to ooze and crust."

A client is prescribed cephalexin 500 mg every 6 hours for 7 days for a skin infection. Which statement by the client suggests that further teaching may be required?

"I can stop this medication when my wound heals."

In providing Gladys' discharge instructions, which of Gladys' responses indicate the need for further education?

"I will stop taking medication when I feel better." "Ciprofloxacin should work because another healthcare provider gave me the same prescription about a month ago." "I will save any extra ciprofloxacin in case I get another infection."

During discharge planning, the nurse prepares to teach the client about an amoxicillin prescription. Which response by the client indicates further instruction is needed?

"If I get a rash, it should go away in a day or two."

A client has just been diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and asks the nurse, "Does this mean I have AIDS?" Which response would be most appropriate?

"It varies with every individual, but the average time is 8 to 10 years from the time a person is infected, and some go much longer."

A client is taking nystatin oral lozenges to treat an oral candidiasis infection resulting from inhaled corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Which instruction by the nurse is appropriate?

"Let the lozenge dissolve slowly and completely in your mouth without chewing it."

Amanda (pronouns: she/her/hers) was prescribed azithromycin 250 mg orally daily for 5 days. She takes estradiol for birth control and uses warfarin 5 mg orally daily for chronic atrial fibrillation. Which statement suggests that additional education is needed?​

"My birth control will continue to be effective."

A client is instructed to complete a sputum collection first thing in the morning and asks why this is necessary. Which response to the client is the most appropriate?

"Studies have shown that early morning sputum collection has a higher accuracy rate for diagnosis compared to sputum collected later in the day."

When teaching a client who is taking acyclovir for genital herpes, which statements by the healthcare professional are accurate?

"Take all of this medication as prescribed." "Do not use creams or lotions over the area." "Acyclovir slows replication of the virus."

A client diagnosed with a herpes simplex infection asks, "When will the virus be completely out of my body?" What is the best response provided by the nurse?

"The antiviral medications decrease the amount of virus so your body can control or eliminate the virus—so it may never be completely gone."

Which statements made by an individual with a prescription for acyclovir to treat genital herpes indicate to the nurse that they understand the expected outcomes of the drug therapy?

"The medication will slow viral replication to allow my immune system the chance to work." "My breakouts will heal faster with the medication." "As the lesions dry and heal, the amount of virus shed will get less. But I should still cover the area."

When teaching a client who is taking acyclovir for genital herpes, which statements by the healthcare professional are accurate?

"This drug will help the lesions dry and crust over." "Acyclovir slows the replication of the virus."

When teaching a client who is taking oseltamivir for influenza, which statement by the health professional is accurate?

"This will make your symptoms less severe so you can rest and heal."

An individual recently prescribed sofosbuvir asks if they can keep taking St. John's wort before going to bed since sofosbuvir is taken in the morning. What is the best response provided by the healthcare professional?​

"Unfortunately, no. Due to the long half-life, the sofosbuvir remains active within the bloodstream all day."

During a telehealth visit, an individual taking acyclovir shares that they missed their last dose and asks if they should take the missed dose now. What is the best response by the health professional?

"Unless it is near the time for the next dose, take the missed dose."

The parent of an adolescent recently prescribed topical acyclovir to treat herpes simplex virus asks why the child is not taking an oral antibiotic like ciprofloxacin. What is the nurse's best response?

"Using topical acyclovir treats the viral infection effectively without the potential side effects of taking the same medicine orally."

Due to a sore throat, a client asks if it is safe to open the capsule and mix the medication in pudding. What is the best response by the healthcare provider?

"Yes, it is safe to take this medication in that way."

As part of Gladys's discharge instructions, which response regarding client outcomes should the nurse include?

"You may be on the wrong antibiotic if you are not better in a few days.​"

Many medications in the non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiviral class have names that end with the suffix

-vir

A client should notice an improvement in tuberculosis (TB) symptoms how long after starting treatment?

2 weeks

Omar comes back for a follow-up appointment and the nurse looks at Omar's chart. Which viral loads would indicate the medication therapy is working?

33 copies/mL 45 copies/mL

The pharmacological action of antiretrovirals is decreasing the viral load. A viral load of less than ____________is the goal of therapy

50 copies/mL

Treatment for tuberculosis may last a minimum duration of what time?

6 months

Prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment is recommended in which situations?

A healthcare worker exposed to a needle stick injury from an HIV-positive client HIV-positive pregnant women Newborn infant born to an HIV-positive mother

Linda has been on erythromycin for almost the entire course, but has called the nurse practitioner due to severe vaginal itching. Linda has also noticed a thick, whitish vaginal discharge. What would the nurse practitioner suspect?

A superinfection has developed.

When obtaining a medication history from a client diagnosed with genital herpes, which medication is the individual most likely to be taking?

Acyclovir

Which antiviral medication is used to treat the herpes virus?

Acyclovir

The nurse is reviewing the orders for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of pneumonia. The client is being started on doxycycline 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days. The nurse notes that the client's allergy band says, "doxy." Asking what happened when the client took doxycycline in the past, the client states that they had an upset stomach. What is the nurse's first action at this time?

Administer the drug as ordered and include a small snack.

Ciprofloxacin is ordered for a client admitted with pyelonephritis. The allergy band says that the client is allergic to all cephalosporins. Which expected action will the nurse take next?

Administer the medication as prescribed.

During treatment with oseltamivir, a client should contact their healthcare provider if they experience which adverse effects?

Agitation Seizures Hallucinations

Which laboratory tests should be monitored for a client taking a four-drug regimen to treat tuberculosis?

Alanine transaminase (ALT) Creatinine Uric acid Aspartate transaminase (AST)

A client is taking nystatin in an oral troche form for oral candidiasis. Which instruction is correct?

Allow the troche to dissolve slowly in the mouth.

When giving simultaneously with ciprofloxacin, which medication is known to cause a prolonged QT interval?

Amiodarone

Of the drugs listed, which has the more severe and concerning side effects?

Amphotericin B

What is beta-lactamase?

An enzyme that destroys penicillin

How does taking medication to treat a viral illness promote healing of the individual who is ill?

Antivirals reduce the number of viruses present to support the immune system.

What is the vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease called?

Bacille Calmette-Guérin

The nurse is reviewing the orders for a bacteriostatic antibiotic. Which statement best describes a bacteriostatic compound?

Bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent bacteria from multiplying.

Which antiviral medication indicated for the treatment of influenza is available as a single dose administered orally?

Baloxavir

A client calls the clinic wanting to know what they can take "because I was exposed to the flu over the weekend at a family reunion and I do not want to get sick." Which antiviral medication might be prescribed in this situation?

Baloxavir marboxil Zanamivir Oseltamivir

The nurse is preparing an infusion of amphotericin B for a client who has a severe fungal infection. Which intervention is appropriate regarding the potential adverse effects of amphotericin B?

Before beginning the infusion, administer an antipyretic and an antiemetic drug.

A client has started on ciprofloxacin for a complicated urinary tract infection. A quinolone antibiotic was selected for which reason?

Better penetration of the genitourinary tract

What is the action of fusion inhibitors?

Binds to the virus proteins Gp 120 or Gp 41 and prevents HIV from binding to and entering CD4 cells.

Antiretroviral medication adverse effects may include which undesirable changes in the body?

Bone demineralization Insulin resistance Liver disease Redistribution of body fat

A client was started on cefepime, a 4th generation cephalosporin for urinary tract infection. Which advantage of the 4th generation cephalosporin makes it superior to the first generation for the client's diagnosis?

Broad spectrum activity

Ciprofloxacin was selected to treat a client's complicated urinary tract infection. This antibiotic was selected for which reasons?

Broad spectrum activity Good penetration of the genitourinary tract

If a client has a penicillin allergy, what other antibiotic might they also react to?

Cephalosporins

What is the action of CCR5?

Coats and blocks the proteins from entering the cell.

The nurse notes in the client's medication history that the client with a new prescription for acyclovir is currently taking theophylline. Based on this finding, what is the best action for the nurse to take?

Contact the prescribing healthcare provider.

A client started an antibiotic for a skin infection 2 days ago. The prescription says to take cephalexin 500 mg every 6 hours for 10 days. The client's skin infection appears to be gone. Which action would be appropriate for the client to take?

Continue the antibiotic for the 7 days as instructed.

Which set of symptoms are most likely to be present in an individual with a tuberculosis (TB) infection?

Cough for longer than 3 weeks, anorexia, fever

How do antiretroviral medications slow the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Decreasing HIV molecules Increasing CD4 cells

During treatment with acyclovir, which potential adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to monitor for?

Dizziness Seizures Nausea

What information is essential to communicate to a newly diagnosed client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is starting antiretroviral therapy?

Do not donate blood. Follow up frequently to determine progress and monitor side effects. Consult your healthcare provider before taking additional medications or herbal supplements. Antiretroviral therapy does not cure HIV. Avoid sharing needles.

A client has a new prescription for oseltamivir and asks for advice on how to take this medication to decrease potential irritation of their peptic ulcer disease. What is the best response to the client's inquiry?

Drink a glass of milk when taking each dose.

When is the best time to collect a sputum specimen to test for acid-fast bacilli?

Early in the morning

The nurse is preparing to administer the aerosol form of ribavirin to an infant. The parents and grandparents are present in the room. What action will the nurse take to promote the safe use of this inhalant?

Explain that the inhaled medication may be present in the air during treatment and ask that everyone wear a mask. The nurse will wear a mask while handling and administering the medication. Ask females of reproductive potential if they are pregnant or actively trying to conceive.

Which organs and body systems may be impacted by antitubercular treatment?

Eye Peripheral nervous system Liver

What macronutrient is it important to consume when taking griseofulvin?

Fat

Of the medications listed, which two can be used to treat oral candidiasis?

Fluconazole Nystatin

If a client has a ciprofloxacin allergy, what antibiotic class might they react to?

Fluroquinolones

After surgery for organ transplantation, a client is receiving ganciclovir, even though they do not have a viral infection. Which statement best explains the rationale for this medication therapy?

Ganciclovir is given to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

A client is taking erythromycin 500 mg orally three times daily for 10 days. What does the nurse need to be concerned about while the client takes this drug?

Gastrointestinal (GI) upset Nausea Vomiting

A new varicella vaccine, zoster vaccine live, has been approved to prevent the development of what condition in adults older than the age of 50 years?

Herpes zoster

Which client history finding is important before administering ciprofloxacin?

History of tendonitis

Which instructions are important for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) antiretroviral medication administration?

If the client experiences trouble breathing, fever, or changes in oral mucosa (opportunistic infection), notify the prescriber immediately. Administer at evenly spaced intervals around the clock to ensure steady-state levels. Instruct the client to remain upright while administering the medication and for up to 30 minutes afterward to prevent esophageal ulceration.

A client has been given penicillin for strep throat. Which statement is true when educating the client about penicillin therapy?

If the client is taking an oral contraceptive, they must be cautioned to use an alternate form of birth control while being treated with penicillin.

A client was prescribed ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours for 3 days for a urinary tract infection. When should the client stop taking the antibiotic?

In three days

When a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is taking theophylline and also receives ciprofloxacin, which interaction could occur?

Increased levels of theophylline

Two days after starting oseltamivir, a client is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. Based on knowledge of this medication and the pathophysiology of pneumonia, the health professional concludes that the client is experiencing a complication of which condition?

Influenza A

While admitting a client to the hospital with pneumonia, the health professional notes that the client began taking oseltamivir 2 days ago. Based on knowledge of this medication, the health professional concludes that the pneumonia is a complication of which condition?

Influenza A

A client was ordered cefazolin 100 mg diluted in 0.9% NaCL 100 mL to run over 60 minutes. They currently have one intravenous (IV) site with 0.9% NaCl with potassium chloride 20 mEq running at 100 mL/hr. Which nursing action is most appropriate in delivering this piggyback antibiotic? (Hint: Review your drug book about IV administration.)

Infuse the antibiotic through a Y site on the current intravenous line.

A client was prescribed ciprofloxacin for a complicated urinary tract infection. Fluroquinolones work by which of the following?

Inhibit DNA gyrase

What is oseltamivir's mechanism of action?

Inhibits the enzyme neuraminidase

The nurse is preparing to administer ciprofloxacin intravenously (IV) through a continuously infusing IV which contains magnesium sulfate. What action should the nurse take to administer the ciprofloxacin safely? (Hint: Refer to the drug reference guide.)

Insert a separate IV.

Before administering antifungal medication, which criteria should be considered?

Interactions with other drugs Interactions with herbal medications or compounds Drug allergies

What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?

Interferes with viral DNA replication

The medication regimen to treat active tuberculosis (TB) _______ the same regimen used to treat latent TB.

Is not

Which statements are true regarding proper medication use with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

It decreases the overall viral load of HIV in the body. It reduces the occurrence of opportunistic infections. It reduces the risk of transmission from a mother to fetus.

Which priority assessments should be completed before administering antiviral medication?

Known allergies Drug-to-drug interactions Baseline vital signs

An antibiotic is prescribed based on which factors?

Laboratory testing Most likely causative bacteria Client's symptoms

Which organ is infected when someone has an invasive aspergillosis infection?

Lungs

Which antibiotic class inhibits protein synthesis of the bacteria by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits in the bacteria?

Macrolides

A client is prescribed tetracycline. Which drink taken with the medication would reduce the absorption of tetracycline? ​

Milk

Why are labs monitored during various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiretroviral treatment?

Monitor viral load

Which type of tuberculosis is resistant to more than one anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF)?

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

What are the common side effects of penicillin?

Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea

An older adult taking oral acyclovir is encouraged to remain hydrated to decrease which adverse effect of the medication?

Nephrotoxicity

A client with a complicated urinary tract infection has been taking ciprofloxacin for three days. The client continues to have an elevated temperature and dysuria on day 3. What should be the priority consideration for the nurse?

Notify the healthcare provider about the lack of improvement.

George develops a cellulitis from a previous intravenous site he had during hospitalization. A second-generation cephalosporin is ordered for a new skin infection. A day after starting, the client develops a rash. Which nursing action is appropriate?

Notify the prescriber about the rash and a possible change in antibiotics.

Which medication is used to treat oral candidiasis?

Nystatin

Liliana's current medications include dicyclomine, phenytoin, an oral contraceptive, and occasional use of acetaminophen for aches and pains. Which of the medications require either further client teaching or alternative drug dosing due to drug-to-drug interactions with common antitubercular treatment?

Oral contraceptive Phenytoin

When providing health education at a senior center, the health professional will include information about which medication used to decrease the duration of influenza A and B?

Oseltamivir

A client presents to the urgent care with dysuria and insists that they have a urinary tract infection. The healthcare provider finds nothing to suggest this. During the discharge process, the client tells the nurse that they are not leaving without a prescription for an antibiotic. Which is true regarding antibiotic therapy?

Over-prescribing of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.

When giving ciprofloxacin, which medications are known to interact with this medication?

Phenytoin Fluoxetine Warfarin

During the client's previous infusion of amphotericin B, the client reported fever, chills, muscle pain, and nausea. What is the nurse's priority with this infusion of amphotericin B?

Premedicate per provider for expected side effects.

What are the contradictions to the administration of oral antifungal therapy?

Previous hypersensitivity reactions​ Liver failure​ Kidney failure​

For which new medication prescribed for a client taking acyclovir should the nurse seek clarification from the healthcare provider?

Probenecid

What is the goal of antiretroviral therapy for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Prolong life by decreasing the viral load

What are the goals of antivirals or antiretrovirals related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Prolong life by decreasing the viral load Slow advancement of HIV to AIDS

While assessing a client who is receiving levofloxacin for pneumonia, the nurse notices that the client has a history of heart problems. The nurse will monitor for which potential cardiac effect of fluroquinolone therapy?

Prolonged QT interval

A client has an automatic internal cardiac defibrillator (AICD) and is taking amiodarone for dysrhythmias. When the client starts on ciprofloxacin, which abnormality puts them at higher risk for life-threatening arrhythmia?

Prolonged QT syndrome

A client is scheduled for a dental cleaning tomorrow and has been diagnosed with a heart murmur in the past. The client's cardiologist prescribed azithromycin 500 mg orally x 1 dose about 1 hour before the cleaning. Why is the client being prescribed this antibiotic?​

Prophylactic treatment

A client started an antibiotic yesterday. Which assessment finding indicates an immediate need to stop the antibiotic?

Rash

Before administering non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiviral medication, what nursing actions should be completed?

Review current medication use Perform a physical assessment Assess vital signs Verify known allergies

Of the available non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV) antiviral medications, which is effective across the broadest spectrum of viruses?​

Ribavirin

A woman of child-bearing age is diagnosed with an active tuberculosis (TB) infection. Which medication, if prescribed, might interfere with her oral contraceptives?

Rifampin

A client is taking oseltamivir for influenza infection. The nurse instructs the individual to seek emergency medication assistance for which known adverse reaction?

Seizures

During therapy with amphotericin B, the nurse will monitor the client for known adverse effects that would be reflected by which laboratory result?

Serum potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L

Which condition presents a contraindication to the use of acyclovir?

Severe allergic reaction to acyclovir

When educating a person starting medication to treat tuberculosis (TB), which activities or actions are safe?

Shaking someone's hand Sharing food or drink Sharing a TV remote Touching bed linens or toilet seats

When educating a person starting medication to treat tuberculosis (TB), which activities or actions are safe?

Sharing toothbrushes Kissing Touch bed linens or toilet seats Shaking someone's hand Sharing food or drink

What teaching is important to provide for Liliana at this time?

She should be warned not to consume alcohol while taking antitubercular drugs as this may cause liver toxicity. She should be encouraged to take care of herself by ensuring adequate nutrition, rest, and relaxation.

When assessing a client for a possible penicillin allergy, which symptoms would be consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction?

Shortness of breath Urticaria Rash Wheezing

A 35-year-old pregnant client just received lab results stating they are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What is the most important intervention at this time?

Starting prophylactic antiretroviral treatment

How do antibiotics treat infection?

Stop bacterial cell wall creation Disrupt cell metabolism Stop bacteria from producing proteins

What is the action of integrase inhibitors?

Stop the enzyme from bringing viral DNA into the nucleus.

A client is prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic for a complex infection. After being on the antibiotic for a month, the client experiences white oral plaques and a sore throat. What is the likely cause?

Superinfection

A client has been experiencing severe diarrhea for the last 2 weeks after completing a four-week course of antibiotics. The diarrhea is best described as what?

Superinfection related to antibiotic use

Which of the infection types can be fungal?

Systemic Subcutaneous Superficial Cutaneous

What is the most important thing a person can do to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB)?

Take all medications exactly as prescribed by the healthcare provider.

When an antibiotic is bacteriostatic, it means what?

The antibiotic reduces the replication of the bacteria.

Which statement accurately describes a broad spectrum antibiotic?

The antibiotic treats a wide variety of bacteria.

After identifying that Gladys is allergic to amoxicillin, the primary healthcare provider gave Gladys a prescription for ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 5 days. The nurse reviews Gladys' history in preparation for discharge teaching. Which information would require further analysis and possible nursing action?

The client has a history of Achilles tendonitis and still has problems with it.

The provider has prescribed amoxicillin 875 mg one tablet twice daily for strep throat. Which information would require further analysis?

The client has an allergy to penicillin.

A client is started on ciprofloxacin for symptoms of a urinary tract infection. They were seen by a telemedicine provider and urine was not collected. Which statement is accurate about the client's treatment?

The client is being treated empirically with the antibiotic.

A client taking isoniazid (INH) for the last 2 weeks is reporting numbness and tingling in their fingers for the last 24-48 hours. What is the most likely cause for these symptoms?

The client is most likely of the phenotype that metabolizes drugs slowly, such as INH, resulting in toxicity.

A client has a seizure disorder that is well controlled with phenytoin. They were recently prescribed ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. What might the nurse expect when these two drugs are given together?

The client may be at higher risk of seizures. The client could become toxic from phenytoin due to increased blood levels.

George is discharged from the hospital and is prescribed tetracycline 500 mg four times daily for continued treatment of his pneumonia. When the nurse teaches George about drug-related precautions, which is the most important information to convey?

The client needs to use sunscreen or avoid exposure to sunlight.

Six weeks after beginning antitubercular drug therapy on an outpatient basis, the client reports that they still experience night sweats. What does the nurse identify as the main concern at this time?

The client's infection may be resistant to the drug therapy ordered.

A client with a history of liver failure will be given a dose of cefazolin prior to abdominal surgery. Based on knowledge of the metabolism of this antibiotic, which statement is accurate?

The dosage can remain the same because it is primarily metabolized by the kidney.

Four weeks after beginning antitubercular drug therapy on an outpatient basis, the client reports that they still experience hemoptysis (bloody sputum with cough). What does the healthcare professional identify as the main concern at this time?

The infection may be resistant to the drug therapy ordered.

The nurse is administering one of the lipid formulations of amphotericin B. Why is the use of the lipid formulation preferred?​

The lipid formulations are associated with fewer adverse effects than the older drugs.

What causes penicillin resistance?

The production of beta-lactamase by the bacterial cell

When tuberculosis (TB) skin testing is performed, which is measured for a positive result?

The raised area

A client has been taking antitubercular medications for an active infection for the last 4 months. What findings indicate a therapeutic response?

There is a decrease in symptoms of tuberculosis along with improved chest x-ray and sputum cultures.

When giving cephalosporin medications, which statement is accurate?

They are primarily metabolized through the kidney, so dosage reductions may be needed in renal insufficiency.

How do non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV) antiviral medications kill or suppress viruses?

They block the virus from getting into the host cell. They prevent viral nucleic acid synthesis by blocking polymerase.

A client has a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and a negative chest x-ray for tuberculosis. How could this happen?

They either had the infection previously or had a vaccine for tuberculosis.

In reviewing the advantages of a 4th generation cephalosporin, which statements are accurate?

They have better penetration of gram-negative bacterial cell walls. They have a broader spectrum.

Since starting amoxicillin, a client has been experiencing blurred vision. Which statement is accurate regarding the client's condition?

This is probably not related to amoxicillin. The client should continue taking the drug and notify their provider.

A nursing student is speaking to their nurse about medication used to treat a non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV). Which statement indicates an understanding of how non-HIV antiviral medications kill or suppress a virus?

This medication blocks the virus from entering the host cell

An individual with isoniazid (INH) toxicity may present with which symptoms?

Tingling Numbness Burning sensation in extremities

George is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. His white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated, he has a fever of 101.5 °F (38.6 °C), and he is short of breath. The provider immediately orders a sputum culture and sensitivity to determine which bacteria might be causing the pneumonia. The results will not be back for 3 days. Levofloxacin 750 mg orally is ordered to start now. Which is the correct rationale for this antibiotic order that the nurse should know?

To provide empiric therapy

Which antifungals are the most commonly used or prescribed?

Topical

A client was prescribed ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. They are currently taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a tricyclic antidepressant, an antianxiety drug, and a probiotic. When giving intravenous quinolones, which class of drugs may have serious interactions with ciprofloxacin?

Tricyclic antidepressant

Theo (pronouns: he/him/his) has recently been diagnosed with hepatitis C after being exposed to contaminated blood during his work as a medical researcher. When educating him about the prescribed ribavirin, what medication-specific instructions does the nurse include?

Two forms of birth control should be used while taking this medication Do not share this medication with others Take the medication as prescribed to maintain a therapeutic level in the body Notify the prescribing healthcare provider if you experience difficulty breathing

A client has been tired, aching, and feverish with a sore throat and cough for the past 18 hours. The client called the healthcare provider's office for an appointment, but none are available. Based on the symptoms, the provider is concerned that the client may have the flu and recommends going to a nearby urgent care center today. Why should the client be seen as soon as possible in urgent care?

Urgent care will provide a definitive diagnosis of the flu. Treatment for influenza illness should be started as quickly as possible from the onset of symptoms.

Linda was prescribed erythromycin for a urinary tract infection. During client education regarding this oral macrolide, the nurse will include which information?

Use another form of birth control if the client is taking oral contraceptives. The client may take the drug with a small snack to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) irritation.

A female who is diabetic, pregnant, and just finished a long round of antibiotics is at high risk for what subsequent infection?

Vaginal candidiasis

What is the priority action before starting antibiotic therapy?

Verify that the client does not have an allergy to an antibiotic.

The nurse administering influenza vaccines is asked why a flu shot is needed every year. What information will the nurse include when responding?

Viruses mutate, so each year the vaccine is for the new virus.

Why are viral infections and viruses more difficult to eradicate than bacteria?

Viruses replicate only inside host cells and medications must enter the cell to be effective

A client is receiving isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and has been taking vitamin B12 after hearing from a friend that it would help prevent complications. The healthcare provider's best response is to tell the client to change vitamin B12 for which vitamin?

Vitamin B6

A client has been started on cephalexin for a skin infection. What are the most common side effects that the client may experience?

Vomiting Diarrhea Nausea

When administering ointments to a client that is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, what precautions should the nurse take?

Wear gloves. Avoid exposure of medication on your skin or in your eyes. Wash hands before and after administration of the medication.

A client was prescribed cefalexin for a skin infection. When should the client stop taking the antibiotics?

When it says to on the prescription

There are ________ types of fungal infections.

four