week three quiz

A discriminative stimulus is: a. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced. b. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will not be reinforced. c. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be placed on extinction. d. A stimulus that cues respondent behaviors to occur.

a. A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced.

An S-delta is: a. A stimulus, in the presence of which reinforcement is withheld if a target response occurs. b. A stimulus, in the presence of which reinforcement is delivered if a target response occurs. c. The same thing as a discriminative stimulus. d. A consequence event.

a. A stimulus, in the presence of which reinforcement is withheld if a target response occurs.

An ______ effect refers to a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event. a. Abative. b. Informative. c. Evocative. d. Elicited.

a. Abative.

Which is the correct representation of the sequence of the four terms of a contingency of reinforcement? a. EO, SD, target response, Sr+ (future responding increases; the EO is relevant to the Sr+ selected). b. SD, EO, target response, Sr+ (future responding may increase; the EO is relevant to the Sr+ selected). c. SD, EO, target response, Sr+ (future responding decreases; the EO is relevant to the Sr+ selected). d. EO, SD, target response, Sr+ (future responding increases; the EO is not relevant to the Sr+ selected).

a. EO, SD, target response, Sr+ (future responding increases; the EO is relevant to the Sr+ selected).

All conditioned motivating operations are motivationally neutral prior to their relation with another MO or to a form of reinforcement or punishment. a. True. b. False.

a. True.

Unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs) have: a. Value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned. b. Behavior-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history. c. Behavior-altering effects that are unlearned. d. Value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.

a. Value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned.

An evocative effect refers to: a. A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event. b. An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event. c. No effect in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event. d. A combination of decreasing and increasing effects in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.

b. An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event.

Beth has been hiking in the desert all day and, as a result, is dying for a glass of water. The increase in the reinforcing value of water due to hiking in the desert is referred to as: a. Satiation. b. Deprivation. c. Conditioning. d. Reinforcement.

b. Deprivation.

Dimensions of behavior-altering effects: a. Are limited to frequency. b. Include frequency, magnitude, and latency. c. Include frequency and magnitude but not latency. d. Include frequency and latency but not magnitude.

b. Include frequency, magnitude, and latency.

Which of the following relates to a trained behavior continuing to occur over time but after training has stopped? a. Response generalization. b. Response maintenance. c. Stimulus discrimination. d. None of the above.

b. Response maintenance.

When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The parents' faces would be an example of a(n)_________ for the dog licking their faces. a. Negative reinforcer. b. S-delta. c. Unconditioned stimulus. d. Discriminative stimulus.

b. S-delta.

Whenever Aarav has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Aarav asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Aarav only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the parents at bed time is referred to as a(n) __________ for asking to stay up late. a. Stimulus class. b. S-delta. c. Reinforcer. d. Discriminative stimulus.

b. S-delta.

______ motivating operations as they relate to the human organism are unlearned and may include deprivation of food, sexual reinforcement, temperature changes, or painful stimulation. a. Conditioned. b. Unconditioned. c. Surrogate. d. Reflex.

b. Unconditioned.

Which statement is true? a. Antecedent variables include only SDs. b. Value-altering and behavior-altering effects describe the defining effects in the original definition of the establishing operation. c. An abolishing operation has a behavior-altering effect in which a decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event occurs. d. Behavior-altering effects refer only to the frequency of a behavior.

b. Value-altering and behavior-altering effects describe the defining effects in the original definition of the establishing operation.

Which of the following are factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement? a. Different reinforcers work for different people. b. Larger reinforcers are generally more effective. c. Both A and B. d. None of the above.

c. Both A and B.

Behavior-altering effects have a. Direct effects. b. Conditioned effects. c. Direct and indirect effects. d. Indirect effects.

c. Direct and indirect effects.

Deion drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him, because they tell him he is cool. He does not speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car, because they do not say it is cool. What is the S D in this example? a. Parents. b. Girlfriend. c. Friends. d. Parents and girlfriend.

c. Friends.

Conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) can be classified as reflexive, surrogate, and ______. a. Transitional. b. Commuted. c. Transitive. d. Explicit.

c. Transitive.

The term motivating operation has been suggested to replace the term establishing operation with the addition of the terms: a. Condition-altering, behavior-altering. b. Unconditioned, conditioned. c. Value-altering, behavior-altering. d. Operant, conditioned evocative.

c. Value-altering, behavior-altering.

Which of the following influences the effectiveness of reinforcement? a. Immediacy. b. Contingency. c. Establishing operations. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The children's faces would be an example of a(n) ________ for the dog licking their faces. a. Negative reinforcer. b. S-delta. c. Unconditioned stimulus. d. Discriminative stimulus.

d. Discriminative stimulus.

Whenever Aarav has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Aarav asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Aarav only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the babysitter at bed time is referred to as a(n) __________ for asking to stay up late. a. Stimulus class. b. S-delta. c. Reinforcer. d. Discriminative stimulus.

d. Discriminative stimulus.

Motivating operations: a. Will evoke the target behavior every single time. b. May never evoke the target behavior. c. Should evoke the target behavior, but may not consistently do so. d. Evoke the target behavior even if not first successful at doing so.

d. Evoke the target behavior even if not first successful at doing so.

Deion drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him, because they tell him he is cool. He does not speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car, because they do not say it is cool. What is the S-delta in this example? a. Parents. b. Girlfriend. c. Friends. d. Parents and girlfriend.

d. Parents and girlfriend.

__________ and __________ are examples of motivating operations that make food more or less effective as reinforcement. a. Time, effort. b. Stimulus, antecedent. c. Speed, fluency. d. Satiation, deprivation.

d. Satiation, deprivation.

Learning a skill in one setting and applying it to other applicable settings is known as: a. Progress. b. Functional progress. c. Second generalization. d. Stimulus generalization.

d. Stimulus generalization.

Conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) have: a. Value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned. b. Behavior-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history. c. Behavior-altering effects that are unlearned. d. Value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.

d. Value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history.