Weight Management

A gram of protein contains kilocalories per gram.

4

Carbohydrates provide the body with per gram.

4, four, ~4, 4.1, or about 4

alcohol that are true.

Alcohol provides energy. Alcohol is not a nutrient. Pure alcohol furnishes about 7 kcal/gram.

What occurs when an essential nutrient is missing from the diet?

Deficiency disease will occur.

Which of the following statements are true?

Humans have no internal drive that motivates us to choose a healthy diet. To eat well, we need to learn the effects nutrition has on our health.

____ is the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

is a disease that was widespread in the United States during the early 1900s. People with this disease dealt with weakness, diarrhea, skin rashes, and mental confusion.

Pellagra

Which of the following occurs after completion of an experiment?

Scientists figure out if the findings support or disprove the hypothesis. Scientists seek to publish the results in scientific journals. Scientists summarize the findings.

Why might nutrition researchers reach conflicting results when performing similar studies?

Studies may differ in design. The results were analyzed in different ways. A different set of subjects may alter the results.

Which statements are true when comparing nutrient composition in the bodies of men and women? Think about the differences in composition in men and women to help you answer this question.

They have similar amounts of carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins.

All foods have nutritional value.

True

On a food label, a Calorie is really a kilocalorie. Hint - Note the capital "C" in the term Calorie.

True

Which of the following nutrients are considered essential?

Water Iron Glucose

The study of the occurrence, distribution, and causes of disease patterns among various populations is known as

epidemiological

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food is considered _____.

essential

Vitamins, minerals, water, and amino acids are all examples of _____.

essential nutrients

Experiments using whole living organisms are classified as______.

in vivo experiments

Supplements may______.

include nutrients that may be less available than those in food not contain all the nutrients needed by the human body not contain phytochemicals

meter

length

The sum of all the chemical processes that provide energy for the body to perform work is termed _____.

metabolism

A centimeter is

one hundredth of a meter.

Beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene

orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables

Epidemiologists often rely on ______ people to obtain health data.

surveys of physical examinations of

Additional ways to solve some problems created by conventional agricultural methods are to______.

use irrigation systems that drip water to the plant base eat less meat

A(n) is a factor such as a person's age, weight, or environment that can change and influence an outcome.

variable

Nutrition-related factors that contribute to many worldwide deaths in children under 5 years include _____.

vitamin deficiencies undernutrition

All of the following are macronutrients except______.

vitamins

Experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as whereas "test tube" experiments are classified as

vivo, in vivo, vivo experiments, or vivo experiment Blank 2: vitro, in vitro, vitro experiments, or vitro experiment

gram

weight

Factors that influence food choices include______.

advertising education flavor

major classes of nutrients

carbohydrates water lipids

Six classes of nutrients

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Observational epidemiological research includes______.

case-control studies cohort studies

A(n) is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

A person typically needs strong positive motivation to get them to change their eating behaviors. What are the circumstances that will motivate a person to improve ingrained food-related behaviors?

desire to gain/lose weight motivated to improve health

Which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet and lack of exercise?

diabetes mellitus (type 2) heart disease some types of cancer

A person's usual pattern of food intake is called______.

diet

A nutrient is considered when it must be supplied by food because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs.

essential nutrient

A nutrient is considered when it must be supplied by food because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs.

esstential

Which of the following would be effective in decreasing a person's risk for premature death?

exercising regularly consuming fruits and vegetables

Compared to the past, today's typical American consumes _____.

less red meat, milk, and eggs more refined products more fish, cheese, and poultry

The standard of measurement used in nutrition is the system.

metric

A ________ is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet.

micronutrient

The prefix that means 1/1000 i

milli, milli-, or milligram

Choose products that would be considered a dietary supplement.

mineral vitamin amino acid

Choose factors that are most likely to influence food choices.

mood peers religious beliefs

Lipids contain ______ calories per gram than carbohydrates.

more

Examples of foods that are nutrient dense and energy dense are _____.

nuts peanut butter whole milk

By eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods you are likely to______.

obtain adequate amounts of the nutrients your body needs eat a safe amount of each nutrient

Dietary moderation can be achieved by______.

obtaining nutrients from the food one eats consuming food in reasonable amounts

Choose the situations when it would be appropriate for people to take specific nutrient supplements.

older adults who may need higher amounts of a nutrient than what is found in food certain inherited disorders digestive disorders that interfere with nutrient absorption

Many ______ are antioxidants that may reduce risks of heart disease and certain cancers.

phytochemicals

Generally, a sham medicine or treatment used to mimic the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n)

placebo

In the United States, what contributes to the development of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease?

poor diet and sedentary lifestyle

problems associated with undernutrition during pregnancy include______.

premature births death of mother

When a population's intake of fruit consumption increases and the same population's percentage of people with hypertension decreases, this is an example of a(n) ______ correlation.

inverse

What is the second leading cause of death to Americans?

cancer

Isoflavonoids

soybeans and legumes

Researchers from Cornell University have written a manuscript about the impact of soy consumption on breast cancer risk. Which of the following people is best qualified to be a peer reviewer of the manuscript before it is published?

A researcher from the University of Illinois who specializes in soy research, but did not collaborate on the study

Water

temperature regulation, elimination of wastes, and transportation of substances

Which statements are true when comparing nutrient composition in the bodies of men and women?

Women have less water and protein and more fat.

Which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the United States?

anorexia nervosa living in poverty chronic alcoholism

Organosulfides

antioxidant effects, may improve immune system functioning

Which of the following protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors?

antioxidants

Which of the following are ways to be a careful consumer of nutrition information from the Internet?

avoid websites that provide online diagnoses and treatments search multiple websites do not trust information on websites that do not indicate valid sources

Which of the following can occur as a result of nutritional deficiencies in children?

blindness delayed physical development stunted growth

Maintaining a healthy body weight, avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol intake, and exercising regularly may reduce the risk of _____.

cancer heart disease

Which of the following are the key features of essential nutrients?

deficiency disease occurs if the nutrient is missing from the diet., The nutrient's role in the body can be explained by scientists., Reintroduction of the nutrient after a deficiency disease develops will resolve the disease.

By eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods you are likely to______

eat a safe amount of each nutrient obtain adequate amounts of the nutrients your body needs

Some ways to solve problems created by conventional farming methods include______.

finding ways to improve crop yields relying more on non chemical pest management

energy dense foods

foods that contain significant amounts of fat, therefore contributing large amounts of energy to the diet chocolate cake nuts peanut butter whole milk

Phytochemicals are found in ______ and provide significant health benefits.

fruit and vegetable

A placebo pill is considered to be ______ because the substances in the pill do not produce measurable physical changes.

inert

Breast milk is considered the best food for young infants because _____.

it is nutritionally adequate it is sanitary it provides immunity

What term describes the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally?

physiological dose

What is the term for a compound made by plants but not considered a nutrient?

phytochemical

The substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits is called a(n)

phytochemical or phytochemicals

Most foods contain a mixture of _____.

protein fat carbohydrate

Resveratrol

red wine, purple grapes, and grape juice

Beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene are examples of phytochemicals that may ______.

reduce the risk of certain cancers and reduce the risk of macular degeneration

Carotenoids

reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration,

A is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease.

risk factors

The food assistance programs that are popular in the United States include ______.

school lunch program SNAP elderly nutrition program WIC

Nutrition researchers rely on the research method, which involves making observations, asking questions, and developing hypotheses.

scientific

Alkaloids

stimulant effects

A retrospective study examines the ____ whereas a prospective study examines the _____.

past, future

Credible nutrition information includes _____.

bias-free presentation of the research

An energy intake greater than energy expenditure results in _____.

body fat increases

Which factors contribute to undernutrition in developing countries?

disease overpopulation war

A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of______.

dying prematurely

Glycosides

may kill certain microbes

Overweight or obese Americans are an example of _________.

overnutrition malnutrition

Who are the subjects in a case-control study?

person(s) without the disease or condition under investigation person(s) with the disease or condition under investigation

Lifestyle is a person's way of living that includes _____.

physical activity habits dietary practices use of drugs

The amount of a nutrient that allows the body to function optimally is called the dose.

physiological

Minerals

regulation of fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messengers, structural and functional components of various substances and tissues

If a vitamin, amino acid, herb, or mineral is sold, it is considered a supplement.

dietary supplement

lipids

necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins, energy source and necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins

carbohydrate

primary role is to provide most forms of energy

Experimental epidemiological studies utilize______.

a control group a treatment group

All of the following statements about food and supplements are true except_____

a good supplement can adequately replace a diet filled with a variety of whole foods

Malnourished children are especially susceptible to _____.

measles

A control group is important for which of the following reasons?

It enables scientists to control the influence of other variables in the study. It allows scientists to determine if a treatment had an effect.

Problems associated with irrigation systems include______.

pesticides from runoff can pollute waterways water runoff can carry away topsoil

Chemistry is______.

.the study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can happen to it

If you are 60 inches tall, what is your height in centimeters?

152.4 cm

A kilogram equals 1000 grams or about _____ pounds.

2.2

What constant is used to convert inches to centimeters?

2.54 cm

Which of the following are examples of goals for Healthy People 2020?

Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. Achieve health equity by eliminating disparities to improve good health for all. Attain higher quality, longer lives that are free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.

liter

volume

Vitamins

maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components

Which of the following studies involve human subjects?

experimental (intervention) studies observational studies

Increasing the number of adults who are at a healthy weight, reducing the number of children who are obese, and increasing the calcium intake for people who are 2 years of age or older are all objectives of______.

healthy people 2020

The body breaks food down into ______ such as carbohydrates, fat and protein.

nutrients

The Framingham Heart Study is a well-known ______ study.

prospective

Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called _____.

medical nutrition therapies

Humans______.

need to learn about the effects of food on their health to eat well need to learn about the nutritional value of food to eat well

The chemicals found in food that are necessary for the body to function properly are called

nutrients

is the study of how the body uses nutrients.

nutrition

Epidemiologists use data from NHANES to determine the

prevalence of major diseases. national standards for height, weight, and blood pressure. risk factors for major diseases.

Which of the following is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?

scurvy

Regularly making food choices that include consuming more ________ could reduce the chances of developing disease.

whole grain cereals

Choose the objectives that are set by Healthy People 2030 for Nutrition and Weight Status.

Increase whole grain intake among people who are 2 years of age and older Increase fruit intake among people who are 2 years of age and olde Reduce the proportion of obese adults

Describe the design of a case-control study.

Individuals with a disease are matched to a person with similar characteristics who do not have the disease. Factors are identified that may be responsible for the disease.

proteins

Production of structural components such as cell membranes, and functional components such as enzymes

is the presentation of information masquerading as factual and obtained by scientific methods.

Pseudoscience, Quackery, Misinformation, or pseudoscience

assignment of subjects to groups in a research study helps to ensure that members of treatment and control groups have similar characteristics. This enhances the validity of the study results.

Random, Randomly, Randomized, or RCT

Identify the objectives that are set by Healthy People 2030 for Nutrition and Weight Status.

Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese Reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents Increase the variety and intake of vegetables among people who are 2 years of age and older

Experimental epidemiological studies utilize______.

a treatment group a control group

A person in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the

treatment, experimental, treatment group, experiment, or intervention

When a population's intake of sugar-sweetened soft drinks increases and the percentage of overweight people in the population also increases, this is an example of a(n) _____ correlation.

positive

When a friend tells you she is taking a vitamin B complex supplement and she feels more energetic as a result, she is sharing an of a personal experience.

anecdotes

To compare results between two study groups, to determine whether a treatment had an effect, a _____ group is necessary.

control

When two variables have a relationship they are said to be with each other but you cannot say there is a cause and effect relationship.

correlation

Diets that lack proper nutrition can lead to the development of nutrient

deficiency

A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) nutrient.

essential

calorie

he heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

kilocalorie

he heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius 1 kilocalorie = 1 Calorie 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories

nutrients provide the body with energy?

lipids carbohydrates proteins

Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of the B vitamin (Name a specific vitamin.)

niacin, B3, vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, b3 or niacin, Vitamin B-3, B-3, niacin (b-3), or vitamin b 3

The term used to describe farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources and harming the environment is called

nk 1: sustainable or regenerative

Meat and dairy products are typically ______ sources of phytochemicals.

not

A cell is the name of the ______ living functional unit in an organism.

smallest

Poor eating habits contribute to the development of _____. Multiple select question. tuberculosis

some types of cancer, excess body fat, type 2 diabetes, heart disease

What term describes a food or beverage that is a poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value?

Empty-calorie

How is a disease classified when a disease takes many years to develop and has complex causes?

chronic

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all______.

classes of nutrients

In a ____ study, epidemiologists collect and analyze various kinds of information about a large group of people over time.

cohort

In vitro experiments must be interpreted carefully because______.

components removed from a living thing may not function the same way they do when they are in the entire life form

Which of the following diseases would be considered chronic?

heart disease cancer

The endosperm is mostly _____.

starch

All of the following statements about food and supplements are true except______.

a good supplement can adequately replace a diet filled with a variety of whole foods

Choose the diseases in which dietary factors contribute to the disease's development.

cancer stroke Alzheimer's disease kidney disease

The study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can happen to it is called

chemistry

A specific way that people can change their eating habits in order to improve their health is to______. Multiple choice question.

eat fewer salty foods

What term describes the energy value of a food in relation to the food's weight?

energy density

is a systematic way of testing a hypothesis.

experiment, laboratory experiment, experiments, scientific method, or lab experiment

Nutrition scientists conduct _____ studies to obtain information about health conditions that may result from specific dietary practices.

experimental

Multiple select question.

heredity smoking nutritional habits

Epidemiology is the study of several characteristics of health problems in populations including______.

their distribution their occurrence

By making certain dietary changes (such as decreasing fat intake), a person may _____.

lessen the severity of a disease forestall the development of certain diseases

How many kilocalories is provided by 10 grams of pure alcohol?

70 kilocalories

People who take certain herbal products or use other unconventional medical therapies to prevent or treat diseases are often convinced the products and treatments are effective, despite the general lack of scientific evidence to support their beliefs. Such personal findings may be examples of the

Blank 1: placebo Blank 2: effect

The term that describes farming methods that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment is

Blank 1: sustainable or agricultural Blank 2: agriculture, farming, or sustainability

What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?

5 kal

About how many nutrients are considered essential?

50

Lipids contain kcal per gram.

9, nine, or 9kcal

kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?

91 kcal

The alteration of a plant or animal's hereditary material is called

: bioengineering or genetic engineering

An experimental design in which neither the investigator nor the subjects are aware of each participant's group assignment is called

: double or double-blind Blank 2: blind, studies, blind studies, blind study, or study

Which of the following foods would be considered a provider of empty calories?

Alcohol Sugar-sweetened soft drinks Pastries

Describe the design of a case-control study

Factors are identified that may be responsible for the disease. Individuals with a disease are matched to a person with similar characteristics who do not have the disease.

Dietary moderation can be achieved by______.

consuming food in reasonable amounts obtaining nutrients from the food one eats

Nutrient toxicity may result from ______. Multiple select question. eating

eating large amounts of foods that are fortified taking megadoses of a supplement physiological

The metric prefixes micro--, milli--, centi--, deci--, centi--, and kilo indicate whether a measurement is a fraction or a multiple of a _____.

liter meter gram

Nutrient toxicity may result from ______.

taking megadoses of a supplement eating large amounts of foods that are fortified

Nutrient density

the amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories they provide

Soft drinks are considered empty calorie foods, but even sugar sweetened soft drinks provide

water. energy.

A food with 120 kcal from protein, has about _____ grams of protein.

30

Which of the following are true statements about pseudoscience?

It uses vague or unprovable claims. It does not adhere to valid scientific methodology. It is a presentation of inaccurate information.

What term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value?

Nutrient-dense