WESTERN CIV QUIZ 4
A key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the 18th century was
Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest
Deism is the belief that
God created the universe but does not actively run it
What critique is Voltaire most known for?
Pseudonym of French philosopher and satirist Francois Marie Arouet (1694-1778), who championed the cause of human dignity against state and church oppression. Noted deist and author of Candide.;for his strong opposition to censorship, organized religion, and bigotry, instead, he pushed for civil liberties, social reform, toleration, and freedom.
What did Adam Smith believe about government?
Scottish economist and liberal philosopher who proposed that competition between self-interested individuals led naturally to a healthy economy. He became famous for his influential book, The Wealth of Nations
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to
The emergence of "the science of man"
According to The Social Contract, the "general will" was
a social consensus to which the individual must bow
The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instructions
accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten
Those rulers associated with the enlightened absolutism in the 18th century
could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time
During the second half of the 18th century
double that of the first half of the century
High culture in 18th century Europe was characterized by the
enormous impact of the publishing industry
All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the 18th century except
international trade had become greater than trade within Europe
France in the 18th century
lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt
The growth of reading and publishing in the 18th century was aided and characterized by the development of
magazines for the general public
The European peasantry in the 18th century
often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners
The Austrian emperor Joseph II
provoked the general discontent due to his enlightened but radical reforms
The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often
public and very gruesome
The dismemberment of Poland in the late 18th century
showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period
In the 18th century, churches, both Catholic and Protestant
still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended
the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life
Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed
the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states
A continuing trend in the 18th century Prussia was
the social and military dominance of the Junker nobility
The French philosophes
were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality