Western Civilization EXAM
What did Austrian emperor Joseph II issue in his effort to reform his domains?
6,000 decrees and 11,00 new laws
What French Rococo painter portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual, and civilized?
Antoine Watteau
Which of the following demonstrates the correct relationship between the Rococo artist and his work?
Antoine Watteau-Return from Cythera
Who advocated a less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century?
Beccaria
Which nineteenth-century novelist described the coal towns as a place "where the struggling vegetation sickened and sank under the hot breath of kiln and furnace"?
Charles Dickens
Which prominent writer denounced Napoleon's rule as despotic?
Germaine de Stael
What is the main idea of deism?
It argues that God created the universe, but does not actively run it.
What happened in Prussia under the reign of Frederick William I?
It became a highly centralized European state
What statement best describes the significance of the dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century?
It showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period
What statement best describes the Dutch Republic by the eighteenth century?
It suffered a decline in economic prosperity
What statement best describes the nature of the French Revolution compared to the American Revolution?
It was more influential in Europe as a model of rebellion
Which statement best describes Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century?
It was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories
Which of the following cities did not benefit significantly from eighteenth-century Atlantic trade?
Rome
Maria Theresa of Austria's refusal to recognize the loss of which territory sparked diplomatic revolution?
Silesia
What was one of the differences between British and Continental industrialization?
The government played a larger role in British industrialization
What demographic change resulted from industrialization?
The new middle class moved to the suburbs of cities to escape the urban poor
How did members of Parliament gain their seats in the 1700s?
They were chosen in different ways in different districts
What statement best describes the Jews of eighteenth-century Europe?
They were mostly free, participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities
What was a main characteristic of high culture in eighteenth-century Europe?
enormous impact of the publishing industry
Which of the following factors largely inspired the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods
Which factor played a significant role in the colonists winning their war for independence?
generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France
What was a cheap and popular alcoholic drink in eighteenth-century England?
gin
Where was Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 held?
in the newly built Crystal Palace
What was one of the initial reasons that continental Europe initially lagged behind England in industrialization
lack of intellect
What is a primary reason for the use of children as a labor source in the Industrial Revolution?
low-paid children could more easily move around large industrial equipment
Who had the right to vote as stipulated in the French Constitution of 1791?
male citizens who met a tax qualification
Who obtained the most important government offices in Prussia during the reign of Frederick II?
members of the nobility
According to Montesquieu, what was the best political system for modern society?
power is divided between the three branches of government
What was the chief accomplishment of the National Convention?
preservation of the revolution from being destroyed by foreign enemies
How did Napoleon's Continental System try to defeat the British?
preventing British tradep
For Rousseau, what was the main source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes?
private property
What was the name of the iron smelting process developed by Englishman Henry Cort
pudding
Which of the following was not a revolutionary principle preserved in the Civil Code?
religious toleration
What method was employed to compel very young boys and girls working in new British industries to obey the factory owner?
repeated beatings
Which of the following was not a basic function of the government, according to Adam Smith?
stimulate the economy
Which of the following was not a factor contributing to the growth of the European population in the second half of the eighteenth century?
the end of typhus and smallpox
Which of the following was not an aspect of the public order upheld by the village?
the establishment of common practices for farming
Which group constituted a key conduit for "enlightened" American political and moral ideas back to Europe?
the hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War
What saved the Revolution as a whole when the "revolution of the lawyers" appeared doomed by the threat of royal armed forces in the summer of 1789?
the intervention of armed commoners, especially in urban uprisings
Which group comprised the First Estate in France?
the peasants
