WHAP Possible MC CH. 14

How did the European missionary presence in the Americas differ from the European missionary presence in East Asia? A) Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power. B) Missionaries to the Americas were more willing to accept the blending of multiple religious traditions. C) Missionaries to the Americas were more successful at impressing their audiences with examples of European cartography. D) Missionaries to the Americas succeeded in converting the mass of Native Americans and African slaves to Christianity.

(A) Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.

Adam Smith claimed that universal "laws" of human behavior justified unregulated markets and a laissez-faire economy because: A) they allowed people to make the most money. B) they allowed people to compete more efficiently than did mercantile systems. C) they allowed human nature to express itself fully. D) they allowed people to rise or fall based on merit.

(C) they allowed human nature to express itself fully.

In what way might the transporting of british prisoners to Australia be considered an Enlightenment concept?

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What did Captain Cook encounter when he first arrived in Australia?

Aborigine peoples

Which group of people was consigned to the bottom of Enlightenment-era racial hierarchies? ? A) Pacific peoples. B) Europeans C) Africans D) Native Americans.

Africans

In what way did Europe's cultural exchanges with the Americas and the Pacific differ from its exchanges with China and the Islamic world?

Contact and commerce were accompanied by conquest in the Americas and the Pacific.

What were the plans of the British for colonizing Australia?

Create a prison colony, exploit Australia's timber and flax and to use it as a strategic base against Dutch and French expansion

Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Enlightenment A.)A firm conviction that human reason should determine the understanding of the world and the rules of social life B.)It had a great amount of influence on European and American elites C.)The popularization of Science D.)It was dominated by Italian and Spanish thinkers

D.)It was dominated by Italian and Spanish thinkersc

What best describes Native Americans conversion to Christianity during the 17th and 18th centuries?

Destruction of sacred items and places of worship, demonizing local gods, subvert indigenous spiritual leaders ect

Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas because:

Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which region of the world saw the emergence of thinkers who believed their understanding of knowledge was universal and objective?

Europe

How did the European missionaries also differ from the Americas to East Asia?

Europeans forced their cultures in the Americas, especially their religion through military force

Who may have been the first European who attempted to classify the peoples of the world?

François Bernier

The Comte de Buffon and fellow Europeans believed that human groups were more or less admirable according to how closely they resembled the people portrayed in which of the following types of artwork?

Greek nude sculptures

What types of characteristics did Carolus Linnaeus use to define racial categories?

He used physical appearance and form of governance

How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?

It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the French Encyclopedia? Who were the authors?

It singled out some regions, such as China, as examples that Europe should aspire to emulate. Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d' Alembert

What did Adam Smith claim with his universal "laws" of human behavior?

Laissez-faire - the concept that the economy works best when it is left alone---that is, when the state does not regulate or interfere with the workings of the market

Why did the Enlightenment ideal of gathering knowledge appeal to European absolutist monarchs?

More knowledge about their subjects allowed them to exert greater control.

Safavid culture was a mixture of which two elements?

Shiite Islam and Persian culture

In what way had the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 changed from its earlier pattern of cultural development?

The Islamic world had developed three distinctive cultural traditions centred around the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.†

Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to the science of astronomy?

They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.

Which of the following statements best characterizes Native American converts to Christianity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

They used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them.

What did Enlightenment thinkers have in common with authors who wrote about sex and corruption?

They were all willing to explore ways of thinking that defied established beliefs and institutions. Used satire as a way to mock authority figures

During the first half of the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire experienced a period of prosperity and delight in worldly things that was known as the _______.

Tulip Period

Dý¯n-i Ila¯hý¯ refers to: (Din-d Ilahi)

a mix of Quranic, Catholic, and other influences which emphasized virtuous behaviors.

Enlightenment thinkers sought:

a universal, objective knowledge which did not reflect any particular religion, political view, class, gender or culture

Mughals were supported by:

agricultural taxes

How did Asante kings publicly display their connection to the gods?

by carrying golden spears, maces, and other symbols of power

How did the commercial network run by the Ekpe society in West Africa enforce the delivery of promised slaves by traders?

by holding pawns who, if traders didn't deliver, would besold instead of the missing slaves

As European colonies in the Americas became more prosperous and settled over the course of the eighteenth century:

colonists sought to copy European social and material culture as closely as they could.

Where did Enlightenment ideas circulate most broadly?

commercial centers and port cities

The Oyo Empire:

conducted annual military campaigns.

Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted that:

conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature.

Safavids developed an__________________

elaborate system of calligraphy which was the envy of artists through the Islamic world

Enlightenment thinkers believed in the equality of all people.

false

Unlike Native Americans, the indigenous peoples of Oceania did NOT succumb to Afro-Eurasian diseases when they came into contact with Europeans.

false

When Captain Cook arrived in Australia, it had:

harsh natural conditions and a sparse population.

What role did Europeans who adopted Native American cultures play in New World societies?

intermediaries in commerce and diplomatic communication

China relied on its _________ ___________ rather than global trade which fueled the Chinese culture

internal market

Peninsulars were:

people born in Spain or Portugal who were living in their American colonies.

The Tokugawa shogunate:

promoted Confucian notions of a social hierarchy organised on the basis of social position, age, gender, and kin.

The Ottoman tekkes schools that prepared students to become Sufi masters:

promoted social and religious solidarity among the Muslim subjects of the empire.

Members of the Ottoman intellectual elite were interested in and curious about foreign ideas in which of the following areas?

science

The Oyo Empire and Benin produced what type of significant artwork?

sophisticated metalwork

The most popular books published in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century China were:

study guides for civil service examinations.

Europeans became convinced that their culture was _______

superior

What characteristic did Enlightenment thinkers believe should be the basis for a person's social status?

talent

The U.S. Declaration of Independence is an example of what intellectual tradition?

the Enlightenment

Absolutist governments adopted some Enlightenment ideas even though other ideas challenged absolutist rule.

true

Scholars in the Ottoman Empire carried out important works in the fields of astronomy and physics, as well as history, geography, and politics.

true

Under the Tokugawa, Japanese culture was more open to outside influences than were the cultures of other large Asian empires.

true