WHAP Unit 3 Review

what did imperial expansion rely on in land-based (gunpowder) empires?

imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres.

identify the divine right of kings theory.

in europe, the divine right of kings doctrine was often used. it was the belief that kings ruled because god himself put that king in power. under this kind of thinking, the king was the vice region of jesus himself. this was a great way to consolidate power because of all the people believe in the divine right of kings like how the king does, anyone who would try to challenge the king would basically be challenging god himself, which christians certainly did not want to do.

identify zamindars. *how were they involved in mughal tax collection?

akbar, the ruler of mughal india at the time, established a system where a group of people would go out to all the places of his territory and collect taxes while carrying out his will. these people were called zamindars.

how was art and monumental structures used to legitimize the authority of land-based empires and states?

art and monumental structures were used to legitimize the authority of land-based empires and states because when people see such magnificent buildings, believe in a new religion, or see wonderful art, it generally makes people believe that whoever was able to create it has a lot of money and power.

identify devshirme. *this is how ottoman rulers created a loyal personal guard.

devshirme was the ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their balkan christian subjects.

what religious rebellion marked a break with existing christian traditions?

on october 31, 1517, german monk martin luther nailed a document with 95 theses to the door of the wittenberg church. these theses outlined his newfound understanding of salvation apart from works and his complaints about the abuses of the church.

what type of disputes led to rivalries and conflicts in land-based empires?

political and religious disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states.

what did land-based empires (rulers) use to maintain centralized control over people and resources?

rulers of land-based empires used bureaucratic elites and military professions to create centralized control over populations and resources. rulers used religious ideas, art, and architecture to legitimize their rule.

what did land-based empire rulers do to generate revenue (which in turn forwarded state power and expansion)?

rulers used tribute collection, tax farming, and innovative tax-collection systems to generate revenue in order to forward state power and expansion.

identify sikhism. what two religions did this "syncretic" religious movement emerge from?

sikhism is a syncretic religion emerging from hinduism and islam which was founded by guru nanak. during akbar's reign of the mughal empire, he was certainly accepting of this new religion.

identify tax farming.

tax farming is process used in the ottoman empire that was a government's use of private collectors to collect taxes. individuals or corporations contract with the government to collect a fixed amount for the government and are permitted to keep as profit everything they collect over that amount.

what dates does the CED associate with land-based expansion?

the CED associates land-based expansion with the years from 1450-1750.

identify mexica tribute lists.

the aztec people paid taxes, but they did not pay tribute. taxes and tribute are very different forms of state revenue. tribute lists show what items, like bird feathers, greenstone or jade, and textiles, that peoples controlled by the mexica sent back to tenochtitlan.

what political rivalry intensified the split within islam between the sunni and the shia? *big brother and peculiar brother.

the main religious conflict in islam were between the ottoman and safavid empires. both groups were muslim, but they weren't the same kind of muslim; the ottomans were sunni muslims and the safavids were shia muslims. around 1500 the safavid empire fully shifted to the imposition of shia islam, and in doing so, denied the legitimacy of any sunni muslim. and since these two empires bordered each other, they were in constant dispute over who owned what.

what people created a land-based empire in central and east asia (china) between 1450-1750 (1600s)?

the manchus created a land-based empire in central and east asia between 1450-1750?

what religious practice did the mexica use to unify/legitimize their authority?

the mexica used human sacrifice to legitimize their authority.

what type of hard currency did the ming emperors desire when collecting taxes?

the ming emperors wanted silver to be used when collecting taxes.

what mughal mausoleum is an example of how rulers legitimized their authority?

the mughal mausoleum the taj mahal is an example of how rulers legitimized their authority.

what turkish people controlled southern europe, the middle east, and north africa? (1300-1900)? "big brother".

the ottomans controlled southern europe, the middle east, and north africa?

what french palace legitimized louis XIV's power?

the palace of versailles legitimized louis XIV's power.

what turkish people took over south asia and central asia? *"pretty brother".

the safavids took over south and central asia.