What is a Human person?

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Rene Descartes

*believe that reality is composed of mind (nonphysical, has freewill) and matter (physical, has no freewill) *we can doubt we have a body, but we cannot doubt we have a mind

body, soul

1. person's material aspect or matter (embodied spirit view) 2. formal aspect or form

Thomas aquinas

agrees with Aristotle and added that the rational soul of humans has a dual nature *dependent and independent to the body *unity of body and soul *vegetative and sensitive souls are mortal *rational souls are immortal

Plato

believe in immortality of soul: *one learns by remembering what one once knew but have somewhat forgotten *since soul are immaterial they are not composed of parts *if not composed of parts, they cannot decompose, thus cannot die

Mind-Brain Identity Theory

claims that what we call the mind is nothing but the brain, and what we call 'mental states' are nothing but the neural states of the brain

mind

emphasizes its consciousness

soul

emphasizes its life-giving function

spirit

emphasizes its non-bodily human component

existential approach

focuses on the kind of life, or mode of existence, that is unique; essential features

Metaphysical approach

focuses on the kinds of substances that uniquely make up a human person; essential components

Unspirited body view

human person is essentially just his/her body and nothing more humans do not have spiritual component

Disembodied spirit view

human person is essentially just his/her spirit body and spirit are co-existing spirit is independent to body

Embodied spirit view

human person is essentially the unity of his/her body and spirit the body and spirit cannot exist independently of one another

Behaviorism

mental states refers to one's inclinations or tendencies to show certain behaviors

Aristotle

regards the soul as the principle of life *distinguishes the soul of plants, animals, and humans

sensitive soul

soul of animals, with sensation and locomotion

rational soul

soul of humans, with intelligence and freewill

vegetative or nutritive soul

soul of plants, nourishment, growth, reproduction

Substance dualism

spirit and body are two different kinds of entities or substances in that the body is physical while the spirit is nonphysical


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