White Space is not your enemy
For maximum readability, column widths should be in what range -in inches or pixels?
2 in. - 5 in. , 144 - 360 px
Body copy should be set in easy-to-read fonts using font sizes and column widths that provide how many words per line (for print)?
6 to 12
What is "graphic design"?
A plan for organizing visual objects in space for the purpose of communication
Which term refers to proportionality--the ratio of width to height? Note: Various ratios of width to height are standard for different media.
Aspect ratio
Any extra negative space in a layout beyond what is needed for optimal spacing should be consolidated into fewer pools of space and placed where?
At the outside where it opens to the margins
What sizing should you generally use when styling website design fonts?
Baseline size in pixels, then ems or rems
If a headline won't all fit on one line, which of these things should you do?
Break at the end of a thought, clause, or phrase
Which term refers to grouping items of information together that belong together in order to visually simplify a layout?
Clustering
The visual communication theory that perception involves many mental processes--a theory often associated with robotics, artificial intelligence, and interactive technology--is which of the following?
Cognitive Theory
The capability of color to organize is the principle behind which of the following?
Color-coding systems
What is a fully detailed final draft of a design suitable for showing the boss or client is usually called?
Comp, short for comprehensive
The term target audience refers to those individuals to whom your design must speak. What must you do in regard to that audience when preparing a design?
Consider their physical needs and be inclusive Speak to them in their own visual vernacular Know them as well as possible
Which term refers to a planning document or "roadmap" that helps keep visual communication goals front and center and keep a project on topic, on task, and on time?
Creative brief
What is another name for a photo caption?
Cutline
In typography, glyphs that look like tiny pictures are known as which of the following?
Dingbats
Well-designed type does which of the following things?
Directly impacts readability and legibility, Directly impacts visual hierarchy
Using fully justified blocks of type can result in wide gaps between words, producing "rivers" of white through the text. What do the text book authors say is their best recommendation on using fully justified text?
Don't use it; left-align your text instead.
Why should logos always be text and/or vector art?
Equally sharp and clear scaled to any size.
In addition to capturing attention, good design does which of the following things?
Evokes emotion Controls eye movement Conveys information
Select the term that is NOT mentioned in your textbook as being used to refer to a photographic close-up of a person's head and shoulders. Note: When using these in a layout, make all heads roughly the same size and try to crop to align everyone's eyes.
Face shot
In today's world, a logo design really only needs created and used in full color.
False -- A logo design also must include a black and white version (no gray) that can be printed (or perhaps embroidered) in a single color for budgetary or technical reasons or reversed out on colored or photographic backgrounds.
If you plan to use two fonts, and one of them is a script font, the second one should also be script.
False -- Do NOT pair two different script font. Note: The same is true for decorative fonts.
Sans serif is French for "with serif."
False -- It is French for "without serif." Sans serif fonts have no serifs.
X-height refers to the height of an uppercase X in a given typeface.
False -- It refers to the height of a lowercase x.
Prime marks are typesetter's punctuation to be used for setting off direct quotations in well-set type.
False -- Prime marks are for labeling inches and feet. Smart quotes (also called curly quotes) are for setting off quotations.
The name for a small informational printed piece intended to be held and read in the hand can be spelled either "flyer" or "f.l.i.e.r," but "f.l.i.e.r" is preferred by those in the graphic world.
False, "F.l.y.e.r" is the preferred spelling.
A beta site is a working test version of a website, made available to all the general public.
False, A beta site is not yet released to the general public.
Whenever a message goes out, communication occurs.
False, Communication requires sender, message, media, receiver, and response/feedback.
Always indent the lead paragraph that immediately follows a headline or subhead.
False, Do NOT indent the lead paragraph; it needs to provide a strong upper left corner for your body copy.
Underlining text or setting a large block of body text in all caps are both good ways to add emphasis without affecting readability.
False, Don't! Both affect readability and are undesirable.
The term white space refers to negative space, but only if that space actually is white.
False, It is commonly used to refer to negative space no matter what color it might be.
Sidebar content is put in a separate type block because it is not related to its adjacent copy in any way.
False, It is in a separate type block, but it should relate to its adjacent copy in some way.
A headline should be set the same font size as the body text it accompanies.
False, It should be much larger.
Size as a design element always refers to exact measured size, as in 125 x 125 pixels or 11-point type.
False, No; it also can refer to relative size or scale, as in scaling the size up or down; or it can refer to proportional/proportionate size, as in the importance of not warping photos.
Every layout done using the works-every-time layout approach should have half-inch outer margins.
False, One-half inch is minimum for a small layout, but margin size needs to be larger proportionally for larger layouts.
When creating screen layouts for Web, a good approach is to make your layout size a standard screen size such as 1024 x 768 pixels.
False, Since website tools and navigation take up some of the available screen area, you should set your layout size to the corresponding "live area" or "Web safe area" instead.
The Gestalt Law of Closure states that our minds group things that have similar properties.
False, That's the Law of Similarity. The Law of Closure states that we mentally fill in the gaps to complete a perceived shape.
The Gestancken theory proposes that the brain automatically simplifies, arranges, and orders the things the eye sees.
False, The Gestalt theory is famous for proposing this understanding of how our brains see order in visual chaos.
The rule of thirds can best be used for compositional placement by dividing a layout into thirds both ways and then positioning the focal point in the center of the page.
False, The focal point should be positioned on one of the four gridline intersections.
Roughs are drawings that are less finished than thumbnail sketches.
False, They are slightly more detailed or polished than thumbnails.
A design is visually unified if the majority of its parts work together and look like they belong together.
False, To create unity, all parts of the design must work together and everything must look like it belongs together.
If any image points the wrong way, a simple and safe solution is to "flip" it.
False, While flipping might be acceptable in some cases, it is never acceptable in news design. Also, flipping photos containing text, recognizable people with distinctive features, musical instruments being played, etc., can be dangerous because those could appear obviously wrong.
A font class is a specific collection or set of related fonts, such as Times Bold, Times Italic, and Times Roman.
False-- A specific collection of related fonts is a typeface or font family.
All fonts of the same point size will look the same size and take up the same horizontal space. False -- NO! These default word-processing approaches result in spaces that are too large for good typography.
Font size is calculated by measuring from the top of the ascenders to the bottom of the descenders. The length of those relative to x-height may make different fonts appear to be different heights.
Good design results from a partnership between form and what?
Function
Which term refers to all the characters -upper- and lowercase letters, numerals, punctuation marks, dingbats, symbols, etc.- in a font? Note: Most fonts have 265, and OpenType fonts can have as many as 65,000.hs
Glyphs
Which of these terms refers to the underlying framework -visible or invisible- of columns, squares, and/or rectangles that helps you organize items on a layout?
Grid
Which statement is true about a byline?
It identifies the writer of the article or story.
Bleed is content that extends just beyond the trim size of the page to prevent any possible slivers of white showing on the finished product. What ultimately happens to bleed areas when a design is printed?
It is printed but trimmed off.
Why should you avoid using reversed type (light type on a dark background) unless there is a good design reason and it is only on a short piece of copy?
It may reduce readability. It may tire the eye. Any hairline strokes in the type may disappear.
Which of these is a reason the layout approach featured in chapter 3 of your textbook works well?
It takes advantage of typical Western reading direction and order.
What is manually adjusting the negative space between two characters called? Note: This is frequently needed to even up the spacing between characters in large headlines.
Kerning
Vision requires which of the following?
Light Properly functioning eyes Mental processing and perception
Which of the following are contextual distractions that could hinder communication?
Lighting, sound, traffic
Leading -pronounced "ledding"- is the technical typographical term for which of the following?
Line spacing
Smeared ink or broken website links are examples of which of the following barriers to communication?
Media, or channel, noise
A leg of typeset copy is how much?
One column
In design terminology, radial, symmetrical, and asymmetrical are three types of what?
One, and only one
What has to occur in order for good communication to take place?
One-on-one connections with target audience members connection
Which group of fonts is specifically designed to be functional across platforms -so it will work equally well on Mac or PC?
OpenType
What does the term greeking describe?
Placeholder text
Contrast, balance, and unity are examples of which of the following?
Principles of design
The purpose of brainstorming is to creatively generate ideas and stimulate fluent thinking, so what should you do when brainstorming?
Quickly come up with, and make a record of, a wide range of possible ideas
When styling type in a layout, what do you generally need to do on multiple-line headlines?
Reduce their leading, line-spacing, so they read as a unit and don't look spacey
What does value as a design element refer to?
Relative lightness or darkness, whether in black/white/gray or in the color spectrum
What should be the first step for any design work you need to do?
Research
What is the name for the little "feet" or "flags" at the tips of some glyphs?
Serifs
Which of these includes sketches for work involving video or animation?
Storyboard
What advertising term refers to all the information typically found at the bottom of an ad, such as logo, slogan, URL, address, map, phone number, disclaimer and "legalese"?
Tags
What are the principles of design?
The "rules" that help you create good design
The sender of a message needs to have a clear understanding of which of the following?
The message and desired response The media to be used The target audience
Paragraphs should be indicated by default tabs for first line indents or by extra hard returns between paragraphs. False -- NO! These default word-processing approaches result in spaces that are too large for good typography.
The standard indent for typography is one em (the number of points that equals the font point size). Extra space between paragraphs can vary but is often set at 1.5 times the regular leading.
What does the textbook say relates and/or influences all design produced during a particular time period?
Trends and changing technology
A poster should be designed to be read quickly from a short distance away rather than close-up.
True
Bulleted and numbered lists generally should be set up with hanging indents so bullets align with bullets and type aligns with type.
True
Design can't be wholly "for art's sake" or yielding to personal taste because it always has a job to do.
True
Emotional reactions to recent events can greatly affect communications in a culture.
True
Failure to follow best typesetting practices can leave your audience with a negative impression or leave you with no audience at all.
True
Messages must be remembered to be very effective in informing, educating, or persuading.
True
Modular page design is used primarily for layouts that must accommodate multiple smaller stories or other items on the same page.
True
Navigation signs or tools visually help users keep track of their whereabouts and move through content.
True
Never allow a line break in a headline to cause a hyphenated word or a widow (single word left alone on the last line.
True
Never position a visual to point or lead the eye right off the screen/page if that's not where you want it to go, and it seldom is.
True
Never put a visual between the headline and the lead.
True
Rhythm is a sense of movement created by strategic repetition of elements.
True
Shape can trigger instant recognition and/or evoke emotional responses.
True
Sidebars can be a good place to add pops of color to your layouts.
True
The Gestalt Law of Continuity states that our minds will continue a pattern beyond its ending points or follow the direction of a line.
True
The best advice for improving your visual communication is to practice looking, pay attention to the layout, and think about what you're seeing.
True
The goal for any given design project is to find the solution that best achieves the project's communication objectives and also appeals to the boss or client.
True
The number one consideration in choosing a body font for print or screen is readability. Limit the use of less-legible and less-readable fonts to short-copy situations like headlines.
True
The term inset refers to margin inside a text box.
True
The various types of line in a layout can be used to control the eye's movement through the layout.
True
Centering most elements in a layout should be avoided because it creates visual flow issues.
True, Left- or right-aligned layouts are nearly always better because they give the eye a vertical line to follow top-to-bottom.
The term spread refers to which of the following?
Two pages side-by-side
What is the recommended approach for using initial caps or drop caps?
Use no more than one per page or story, at the very beginning.
Which term refers to using relative position and contrast to show the viewer what parts of a layout are more important and therefore should be looked at first?
Visual hierarchy
What are the three building blocks of design?
Visuals, typography, and space
How wide should the alleys, also commonly called gutters, of negative space separating columns be in your layouts?
Wide enough for visual separation without losing cohesion
Which of these is used in web design to work out ideas for a page's content areas and functionalities?
Wireframe
