WOH 2010 Final
When the nobility of France refused to approve new taxes to service the national debt, King Louis XVI was forced to call the A) Estates General. B) Continental Congress. C) Congress of Vienna. D) National Assembly. E) Constitutional Convention.
A) Estates General.
The first major ruler of the Qing Dynasty was A) Kangxi. B) Hongwu. C) Qianling. D) Yongle. E) Asoka.
A) Kangxi.
Luther's reforms included all of the following except A) clerical celibacy. B) a national church in Germany. C) new religious services, including Bible reading and preaching. D) a married Protestant clergy. E) salvation by faith.
A) clerical celibacy.
The most important code taken by the samurai was their oath of loyalty to A) their personal lord. B) the emperor. C) the shogun. D) their own interests. E) their wives.
A) their personal lord.
The status of women under the Mughal regime A) varied greatly, with women at court sometimes receiving education as under Emperor Akbar. B) was universally poor, as all women were forbidden to own property. C) declined sharply when the Emperor ordered that Muslim women practice sati. D) was higher for Hindu women than for Muslim women. E) both b and c
A) varied greatly, with women at court sometimes receiving education as under Emperor Akbar.
The modern-day name for the capital city of the Tokugawa shogunate is A) Edo. B) Tokyo. C) Osaka. D) Nagasaki. E) Sapporo.
B) Tokyo.
The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the A) invasion of Silesia. B) near bankruptcy of the French Treasury. C) grievances of the French peasantry. D) discontent in the French colonies. E) Louis XVI's demand for more power.
B) near bankruptcy of the French Treasury.
Who were the Asian people, defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld, who became Christians and went on to establish the Kingdom of Hungary? A) the Mongols B) the Magyars C) the Vikings D) the Slavs E) the Golden Horde
B) the Magyars
The samurai A) were a hereditary warrior class in medieval Japan recruited in Manchuria and Siberia. B) were similar medieval European knights. C) were the oath-pledged military retainers of the shogun, constituting a formal national army. D) took oaths of poverty, chastity and obedience before their formal investiture. E) were recruited from the peasant class.
B) were similar medieval European knights.
The Renaissance began in A) Byzantium. B) France. C) Italy. D) Spain. E) Flanders.
C) Italy.
The philosophe who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was A) Diderot. B) Voltaire. C) Montesquieu. D) Rousseau. E) Descartes.
C) Montesquieu.
Although ostensibly under the control of the kings of Siam, the port of Malacca was also allied with A) Constantinople. B) Kilwa. C) Great Zimbabwe. D) China. E) Aden.
D) China.
The primary fighting force of Qing China was the A) Persian and Uzbek janissary corps. B) dyarchy. C) green standard. D) bannermen. E) queues.
D) bannermen.
The motives for the voyages of Zhenghe possibly included all of the following except A) trading profits. B) curiosity. C) to seek information on a earlier emperor who might have escaped into exile. D) military conquest. E) all of the above
D) military conquest.
As a result of the publications of Bartolomé de Las Casas A) Amerindian rights were recognized and respected. B) the encomienda system was established. C) Amerindians became more maltreated than before. D) the Spanish government was more attentive to the needs of the native populations. E) a new route to the Indies was discovered.
D) the Spanish government was more attentive to the needs of the native populations.
Topkapi Palace was the center of the Mughal government. A) True B) False
False
In the 1360s, Zhu Yuanzhang put an end to the disintegrating Yuan dynasty, establishing the Ming dynasty in its place. A) True B) False
True
The Ptolemaic view of the universe believed all of the following to be true except A) the planets were believed to be imperfect and material. B) the imperfect, motionless earth was in a state of constant change at the center of the universe. C) heavenly bodies, composed of a crystalline substance, resided in concentric spheres that moved in circular orbits around the earth. D) God and all the saved souls resided in the Empyrean Heaven that lay beyond the outermost, or tenth, sphere. E) God and the saved souls were at one end of the universe and humans at the center.
A) the planets were believed to be imperfect and material.
Enlightened Absolutism A) was based more on practical measures to strengthen the power of the state than to "reform" and free their populations. B) was best illustrated by the activity of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. C) was truly applied only briefly, in the ten months before the death of Emelyan Pugachev. D) was limited by the desires of the middle classes to retain their special advantages. E) best describes the British government in the eighteenth century.
A) was based more on practical measures to strengthen the power of the state than to "reform" and free their populations.
Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable? A) Some of us are born bad. B) A positive environment will create positive results. C) Everything that we are is in our genes. D) Faith, not reason, determines what we know. E) Original sin places limits on individual aspirations.
B) A positive environment will create positive results.
The Russian monarch whose policies favored the landed nobility, at the expense of the serfs, was A) Alexander II. B) Catherine the Great. C) Peter II. D) Peter the Great. E) Ivan IV.
B) Catherine the Great.
Who did Pope Leo III crown emperor in 800 at a Christmas mass in Rome? A) Clovis B) Charlemagne C) Peppin the Short D) Charles Martel E) Einhard
B) Charlemagne
During the Song Dynasty, over half of government office appointments went to men who had passed a series of examinations on A) Buddhist sutras. B) Confucian texts and philosophy. C) Sun-tzu's military treatise, the Art of War. D) cosmology. E) Tang legal codes.
B) Confucian texts and philosophy.
The individual who "laid the egg that Luther hatched" was A) Machiavelli. B) Erasmus. C) Gutenberg. D) Calvin. E) England's Henry VIII.
B) Erasmus.
The Viking discoverer of Greenland was A) Vladimir the Bold. B) Erik the Red. C) Leif Erikson. D) Wilbur the Just. E) Ivar the Boneless.
B) Erik the Red.
Safavid power was spread through Persia by A) resurgent Sunni military leaders. B) Ismail's militant use of Shi'ite Islam to unify the region. C) Safi's enforcement of sufi mysticism throughout the region. D) Shah Abbas' successful military campaigns against the Byzantines. E) Sunni pashas.
B) Ismail's militant use of Shi'ite Islam to unify the region.
The Ottoman Turks renamed Constantinople A) Kuycik. B) Istanbul. C) Anatolia. D) Adrianople. E) Ankara.
B) Istanbul.
In the Columbian Exchange of goods, which of the following was introduced to Europe from the Americas? A) Wheat B) Maize C) Sugar D) Cattle E) Bananas
B) Maize
Where is the first place in Europe to experience an epidemic outbreak of the Black Death in 1347? A) Paris B) Messina C) London D) Prague E) Marseille
B) Messina
The only military genius of the English Civil War was A) Thomas Cromwell. B) Oliver Cromwell. C) Charles I. D) William of Orange. E) Charles II.
B) Oliver Cromwell.
The Baroque painting style was especially evident in the works of A) El Greco. B) Peter Paul Rubens. C) Gian Lorenzo Bernini. D) Nicholas Poussin. E) Nicholas van Zandt.
B) Peter Paul Rubens.
The Principality of Kiev was founded by A) Central Asian Mongols. B) Scandinavian Vikings. C) Byzantines from Constantinople. D) the Germanic Holy Roman Emperors. E) Hungarian Magyars.
B) Scandinavian Vikings.
The major threat to the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century came from the A) Arabs. B) Seljuk Turks. C) Ottoman Turks. D) Austrians. E) Persians.
B) Seljuk Turks.
In the European competition for the control of India, A) Joseph Francois Dupleix was more successful than Sir Robert Clive. B) Sir Robert Clive was more successful than Joseph Francois Dupleix. C) the strong financial support of the French government enabled Joseph Francois Dupleix to gain control of most of the subcontinent. D) the lack of military acumen of Sir Robert Clive prevented him from gaining any significant control over the subcontinent. E) the French defeated the British at the Battle of the Black Hole.
B) Sir Robert Clive was more successful than Joseph Francois Dupleix.
By the twelfth century, a great center of Islamic learning in West Africa was A) Great Zimbabwe. B) Timbuktu. C) Mansa Musa. D) Niger. E) Zanj.
B) Timbuktu.
The most active opponent of religious intolerance and the most outspoken anti-Christians among the philosophes were A) Lavisher and Rousseau. B) Voltaire and Diderot. C) Diderot and Bourbon. D) Montesquieu and Adrien. E) Quesnay and Pelletier.
B) Voltaire and Diderot.
The Committee of Public Safety was established to A) negotiate a military alliance with England. B) combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion. C) provide the nation with a renewed monarchy. D) negotiate the safe return of French emigres. E) control the ambitions of Napoleon.
B) combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion.
Christopher Columbus set off on his voyages of exploration motivated primarily by his A) hope of finding gold. B) desire to find a direct ocean route to Asia and its lucrative spice trade. C) conviction that there was a new, unknown land to the west of Europe. D) belief that he could sail directly west and reach the end of the world. E) determination to find new peoples and name them after himself.
B) desire to find a direct ocean route to Asia and its lucrative spice trade.
The Treaty of Tordesillas A) divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between the English and the French. B) divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal. C) gave the English the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. D) gave the French the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. E) ended the Hundred Years War.
B) divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal.
All of the following were true of the Portuguese foray into overseas trade except that they A) were unable over time to maintain their position in the Spice Islands. B) employed the standard methods of peaceful competition that existed before they ventured into those new foreign regions. C) gained complete control of the spice trade between the East and Europe for a brief time. D) defeated their competition in the spice trade through the use of overwhelming force until they, in turn, were similarly overwhelmed. E) had an advantage because of Portugal's location on the Atlantic seaboard.
B) employed the standard methods of peaceful competition that existed before they ventured into those new foreign regions.
In the sixteenth century, the Safavid Empire A) was opposed by a nomadic Turkish tribe known as the Qizilbash. B) established a militant Shi'ite, yet cosmopolitan, state in Persia. C) was colonized by Europe. D) conquered the Ottoman Empire. E) merged with the Ottoman Empire.
B) established a militant Shi'ite, yet cosmopolitan, state in Persia.
The "red heads" were A) the light-haired warriors who destroyed Bokhara in 1380. B) followers of the Shi'ite doctrines of Safi al Din. C) Ottoman Yeni Chari fighters and their "scholar bodyguards." D) Muslim fugitives from Ireland. E) Sufi mystics.
B) followers of the Shi'ite doctrines of Safi al Din.
Shinto A) is the Japanese version of Theravada Buddhism. B) involves the performance of ritual acts, usually performed at a shrine. C) stresses military violence and gore. D) includes aspects involving belief in the humanity of the emperor. E) was heavily influence by Southeast Asian Hinduism.
B) involves the performance of ritual acts, usually performed at a shrine.
The Edict of Nantes A) destroyed Calvinism in France. B) legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France. C) outlawed Calvinism in France. D) permitted Henry IV to continue the French Wars of Religion. E) declared Lutheranism and Anglicanism to be heresies.
B) legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France.
All of the following statements are correct except A) in Europe, as in China, most marriages were arranged by the parents. B) love was the major reason for marriage. C) the husband was to be the ruler and the wife was to obey. D) in the early modern period the family was the heart of the social order. E) in addition to obeying her husband, the wife's other role was to bear children.
B) love was the major reason for marriage.
Mughal architectural developments A) were always undertaken after making certain that expenditures on them would not injure mass living standards. B) often blended Persian and Indian styles to achieve new and beautiful results. C) borrowed heavily from Tibetan and Ottoman styles D) were influenced by the construction techniques of Yuan China. E) were imposed on the Mughals by the British East India Co.
B) often blended Persian and Indian styles to achieve new and beautiful results.
New religions coming into Southeast Asia A) included Islam, Shinto and Zoroastrianism. B) often were altered by new converts, who blended traditional beliefs with the new doctrines. C) were only temporarily considered, and then rejected, by the region's peoples. D) a, b, and c E) none of the above
B) often were altered by new converts, who blended traditional beliefs with the new doctrines.
The Great Schism A) resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin. B) saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope. C) was the result of the investiture controversy between Gregory VII and Henry IV. D) led to the Hundred Years' War between England and France. E) led to the sacking of Constantinople be crusaders from the West.
B) saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope.
The Ming Dynasty A) under Yongle, had Chinese ships bring back Christian missionaries to China. B) sent a fleet far into the Indian Ocean. C) sent a huge army into Japan, which captured and held the city of Edo for one year until a debt owed to the Chinese government was paid. D) saw their fleets reach the Mediterranean Sea. E) dismantled the Great Wall as it was no longer needed for the defense of China.
B) sent a fleet far into the Indian Ocean.
The Treaty of Nerchinsk A) created an anti-Chinese alliance between Japan and Russia. B) settled the location of the Sino-Russian boundary. C) established formal diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan. D) was not consummated due to the Russian refusal to perform the kowtow. E) gave the Russians the control of Beijing.
B) settled the location of the Sino-Russian boundary.
The Yi Dynasty allied itself with A) the Mongols. B) the Ming. C) the Koryo. D) Japan. E) Muslim scholars.
B) the Ming.
Which of the following revolutionized warfare in the early Middle Ages? A) gunpowder B) the stirrup C) the emergence of a money economy D) he longbow E) he Black Death
B) the stirrup
All of the following are correct about the Janissaries except A) they were recruited from the Christian population of the Balkans. B) they fought as on horseback as cavalry warriors. C) they were converted to Islam. D) they were infantry troops. E) they used muskets.
B) they fought as on horseback as cavalry warriors.
One the policies of the Tokugawa designed to centralize their authority in Japan was A) to restore power to the emperor. B) to require the daimyo, or nobles, to visit Edo frequently. C) to disarm the samurai. D) to encourage the conversion of the peasantry to Christianity. E) to allow Western merchants to trade freely at the shoguns' court in Edo.
B) to require the daimyo, or nobles, to visit Edo frequently.
Neo-Confucianism A) was greatly aided in its intellectual development by Wu Zhao. B) under Zhu Xi, divided the world into a material world and a transcendent world. C) maintained that the world is illusory unless one possesses a rare variety of karma. D) was a translation of the Master's works into Japanese. E) succumbed to a revived Buddhism.
B) under Zhu Xi, divided the world into a material world and a transcendent world.
The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the A) creation of a new religion of sciences. B) use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society. C) application of religious precepts to all knowledge. D) inversion of human development. E) abandonment of reason for the purpose of developing human knowledge.
B) use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society.
Safavid Iran A) was a purely Persian society. B) was strongly influenced by Turkish elements within the society. C) adopted Sunni Islam as its state religion. D) was a thoroughly egalitarian society. E) had an unusually tolerant attitude toward Christian and Buddhist minorities.
B) was strongly influenced by Turkish elements within the society.
Feudalism was a political and economic system that in general A) strengthened the central governments of the early Middle Ages. B) weakened the power of the kings. C) led directly to Charlemagne's victories in Spain. D) weakened the authority of the Catholic church in the West. E) led directly to the conversion of the Franks to Arian Christianity.
B) weakened the power of the kings.
The Crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries A) began as an attempt to defeat the Greek Orthodox church. B) were intended to capture Jerusalem and place it under Christian authority. C) was centered on the intended defeat of Muslims in Spain. D) were designed to improve relations between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperor. E) were successful and built a relationship between the Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches.
B) were intended to capture Jerusalem and place it under Christian authority.
After the Turks were defeated in 1687 all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the A) German Empire. B) Holy Roman Empire. C) Austrian Empire. D) Bohemian Empire. E) Ottoman Empire.
C) Austrian Empire.
Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed? A) Pizarro and the Aztecs; de Soto and the Incas. B) Magellan and the Incas; Albuquerque and the Iroquois. C) Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Incas. D) de Soto and the Aztecs; Cortés and the Incas. E) de Soto and the Incas; Cortés and the Aztecs.
C) Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Incas.
The chief institution of Spanish colonial administration in the western hemisphere was the A) New Spain Board of Trade. B) Casa de Contratactión. C) Council of the Indies. D) Casa de Los Indies. E) Chamber of Commerce.
C) Council of the Indies.
The first Jesuit missionary to arrive in Japan was A) Matthew Ricci. B) Ignatius Loyola. C) Francis Xavier. D) Peter Beckett. E) Francis of Assisi.
C) Francis Xavier.
The city most associated with Calvin is A) Berne. B) Paris. C) Geneva. D) Rome. E) Zurich.
C) Geneva.
Outside of Europe, the major scenes of battle in the Seven Years War were A) North America and Africa. B) Central America and India. C) India and North America. D) Latin America and Africa. E) North America and Latin America.
C) India and North America.
Which of the following statements is not true about Ottoman power in Europe? A) It came to be accepted by the leadership of the non-Turkish European states. B) It was aggressively extended into central Europe. C) It destroyed a European coalition of Austrian, Polish, Bavarian, and Saxon forces at Vienna in 1683 and held the city for ten years. D) It was ultimately forced out of Hungary by an alliance of allied European armies. E) It threatened to take naval control of the Mediterranean until the Battle of Lepanto.
C) It destroyed a European coalition of Austrian, Polish, Bavarian, and Saxon forces at Vienna in 1683 and held the city for ten years.
In 1453, the Byzantine Empire fell to the A) Arabs. B) Seljuk Turks. C) Ottoman Turks. D) Bulgars and Ukranians. E) the crusaders.
C) Ottoman Turks.
Which of the following was not true about medieval Christianity? A) The influence of feudalism increased the secular behavior of many religious leaders. B) The Investiture Struggle was fought over the temporal role into the appointment of church officials. C) Papal authority had diminished by the thirteenth century. D) Innocent III provided proof of papal supremacy with his actions in a number of matters regarding the European monarchs. E) The new friars of the 1200s directly influenced the lives of ordinary people.
C) Papal authority had diminished by the thirteenth century.
Cave murals in the oasis town of Dunhuang reveal that what religion was migrating west along the Silk Road? A) Islam B) Buddhism C) Shinto D) Confucianism E) Christianity
B) Buddhism
By 1500, poor city-dwellers constituted ____ percent of the urban population. A) 10-15 B) 20 C) 30-40 D) 60-70 E) 85
C) 30-40
By what name is Temüjin better known? A) Khubilai Khan B) Tamerlane C) Ögödei D) Tang Taizong E) Genghis Khan
E) Genghis Khan
Where is the first place in Europe to experience an epidemic outbreak of the Black Death in 1347? A) Paris B) Messina C) London D) Prague E) Marseille
E) Marseille
The two early Japanese capitals were ____ and ____. A) Edo and Kamakura. B) Edo and Ashikaga. C) Nara and Edo. D) Heian and Kamakura. E) Nara and Heian.
E) Nara and Heian.
Buddhism was brought to China by A) gurus from Angkor. B) barbarian invasions. C) travelers from Indonesia. D) Chinese fleets returning from the West. E) merchants from India.
E) merchants from India.
England won the Hundred Years' War against France. A) True B) False
False
In the thirteenth century, the Mongols seized the northern part of Korea, assimilating it into the Yuan empire. A) True B) False
True
What was the role of Joan of Arc in the Hundred Years' War? A) Joan fought on the side of the French and rallied the troops to the cause of Charles VII of France. B) The French believed she used witchcraft to lead them to victory. C) She inspired the English to fight harder. D) Joan led the French to victory in several important battles. E) She was promised to the Dauphin, Charles VII, as a future bride.
A) Joan fought on the side of the French and rallied the troops to the cause of Charles VII of France.
In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the writer who said each of us is born with a tabula rasa was A) John Locke. B) Rene Descartes. C) Voltaire. D) Isaac Newton. E) Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
A) John Locke.
The cleric who preached up the Second Crusade in the 1140s was A) St. Bernard of Clairvaux. B) Pope Urban II. C) Pope Innocent III. D) Peter the Hermit. E) Cyril and Methodius.
A) St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
In spite of the impact of Chinese influence, A) Vietnam developed chu nom, which was a writing system for spoken Vietnamese. B) Japan never adopted either Chinese characters for writing or any of its governmental system. C) Korea never accepted tributary status under Chinese overlordship. D) Confucianism itself had little influence anywhere outside of China proper. E) Korea never came under Chinese political control.
A) Vietnam developed chu nom, which was a writing system for spoken Vietnamese.
The name given to the Asian region northwest of traditional China that was pacified by the Tang was A) Xinjiang. B) Korea. C) Japan. D) Silla. E) Bactria.
A) Xinjiang.
All of the following were true about European population and food supplies except A) as the eighteenth century progressed, European population declined. B) food production increased in Europe during the eighteenth century. C) the introduction of the potato and maize provided a much-needed staple foods. D) the New World was a source of new vegetables for Europe. E) food supplies decreased while food prices rose sharply in France in 1789.
A) as the eighteenth century progressed, European population declined.
By the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French gained victory because of A) cannon and gunpowder. B) the crossbow. C) the longbow. D) heavily armored cavalry. E) German mercenaries.
A) cannon and gunpowder.
Advocates of "mercantilism" argued for all of the following except A) governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy. B) a nation prosperity depended upon a plentiful supply of bullion (gold and silver). C) exports must exceed imports. D) tariffs should be place on foreign goods. E) governments should improve transportation facilities and grant trade monopolies to businesses.
A) governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy.
Women in Ottoman society A) had considerable political influence if they were queen mothers. B) were given much more freedom in the economic sphere than those of Vietnam. C) had no political influence, as was shown by the fate Suleyman the Magnificent's mother. D) who lived in the harem were abused sexually by the sultan and his male friends and, at times, even by enlisted army personnel. E) served as royal bodyguards and, if slaves, were used to produce royal heirs.
A) had considerable political influence if they were queen mothers.
The separate territories, or domains, of the Tokugawa shogunate were called A) han. B) tozama. C) bakufu. D) fudai. E) zirkit.
A) han.
Aurangzeb A) issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs. B) ended the zamindar system and created an efficient tax revenue. C) ended the forced conversions to Islam. D) expanded the tolerant religious policies of his predecessor. E) abdicated in favor of his son, Babur.
A) issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs.
The most ironic aspect of Napoleon's career or rule in France was that A) it was more autocratic than that of Louis XVI, which had initially sparked the Revolution. B) Napoleon never understood of the nuances of French domestic political developments. C) the ruling European monarchs failed to recognize the fragility of the political dilemma that such a regime could promulgate. D) it took advice from the Bishop of Rome, or the Pope, in all domestic matters. E) it ended where it began, back in Corsica.
A) it was more autocratic than that of Louis XVI, which had initially sparked the Revolution.
Late in the Tang Dynasty, the emperor destroyed Buddhist monasteries and temples because of a fear of A) loss of tax revenue. B) bodhisattvas, which were perceived as demons. C) a Tibetan invasion of China. D) women seizing power through the religion. E) plague.
A) loss of tax revenue.
Empress Wu A) made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system. B) achieved nothing positive during her rule. C) deposed her courtiers at the age of 80 and went on to rule another eight years. D) found a rationalization for her rule in a Daoist sutra. E) was assassinated on her fortieth birthday.
A) made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system.
Japanese haiku A) often focused on images from nature. B) usually concerned itself with the fortunes of war. C) was the product of a single author who produced very brief poetic descriptions. D) was totally rejected in Japan after the fourteenth century. E) reflected the samurai love of war and violence.
A) often focused on images from nature.
In the American Revolution, the rebels A) received the support of a number of European countries. B) developed a number of innovative attack techniques used by Napoleonic armies. C) was marked by the seizure of political and military power by the poorest segment of colonial society. D) contained a series of major battles in which American firepower literally destroyed some of the best units of the British army. E) was significantly enhanced by the large slave component in the rebel army.
A) received the support of a number of European countries.
As manufacturing and commerce began to grow in Ming and Qing China A) the elite retained a preference for agriculture. B) industrialization became the preferred area of activity for all Chinese. C) Europeans became the predominant force in all areas of Chinese production. D) government tax policies favored the industrial sector over the agricultural one. E) Chinese views about business were the same as those in Japan.
A) the elite retained a preference for agriculture.
Which of the following accurately describes European colonial development in the New World? A) The Dutch took New York from the English and changed its name to New Netherlands, and later the English lost some of their Canadian holdings to the French. B) The English took New Netherlands from the French and changed its name to New York, and later the Dutch lost some of their Canadian holdings to the French. C) The English took New Netherlands from the Dutch and changed its name to New York, and later the French lost most of their Canadian holdings to the English. D) The French took New York from the Dutch and changed its name to New France, and later the Dutch lost some of their Canadian holdings to the English. E) The Bishop of Rome took Brazil from Portugal and returned it to Spain.
C) The English took New Netherlands from the Dutch and changed its name to New York, and later the French lost most of their Canadian holdings to the English.
The Grand Canal linked what? A) The Yellow River to the Yellow Sea B) China to Japan C) The Yellow and Yangzi Rivers D) China to Mongolia E) China to western Europe
C) The Yellow and Yangzi Rivers
The nomadic people who aligned with the Tang to dominate much of the carrying trade along the Silk Road were the A) Mongols. B) Uzbeks. C) Uighurs. D) Jurchens. E) Berbers.
C) Uighurs.
The Portuguese leaders who first landed at Calicut and seized the port of Malacca were, respectively, A) Jaime Cardose and Pedro Martinez Munoa. B) Ferdinando Colan and Alhambra da Fonseca. C) Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque. D) Henry da Bruscia and Eduardo da Estabano. E) Juan Montillo and Jorge Sikada Maio.
C) Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque.
Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style? A) the profuse use of strict geometric patterns B) emphasis on largeness and majesty C) a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action D) a rejection of the effort to seek love, joy, and pleasure in favor of religious imagery E) stress on formal order
C) a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action
The purpose of the Qing system known as "dyarchy" was A) to maintain the Chinese exclusion from Manchu rule in China. B) to assure the isolation of the Chinese from the Manchus in China. C) a mechanism for the sharing of administrative positions by Manchus and Chinese. D) to assure the Manchu administrative dictatorship of China. E) to keep northern and southern China balanced politically.
C) a mechanism for the sharing of administrative positions by Manchus and Chinese.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau A) was idealistic and honest and never deviated from his promises or commitments. B) argued that children's education should be strict and regimented. C) argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free." D) believed that women were "naturally" different from men. E) both b and c
C) argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free."
Copernicus A) believed that the planets were imperfect. B) and his ideas were immediately accepted by the scientific community. C) believed in a heliocentric universe. D) and his theories were disputed by Galileo. E) published his heliocentric theory as soon as he developed it.
C) believed in a heliocentric universe.
The Fujiwara period in Japan began the tradition of A) women ruling Japan. B) samurai ruling Japan. C) emperors not having any political power. D) China ruling Japan. E) Shoguns ruling Japan.
C) emperors not having any political power.
The Council of Trent took the position that A) confession was now optional for women and ended for men. B) the interpretation of Scripture was an open question to be individually determined. C) faith and good works were required for salvation. D) there was no longer any validity for indulgences. E) the Bible should be made available in the vernacular.
C) faith and good works were required for salvation.
Pugachev's revolt against Catherine the Great in 1773 led Catherine to A) reject all forms of military power. B) begin to read works by the philosophes and study their theories of legal reform. C) give the nobles more power over their serfs. D) invade Poland. E) free all serfs in Russia.
C) give the nobles more power over their serfs.
By the early 1400s a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported A) by camel caravans across Arabia. B) in European ships, particularly Dutch and Portuguese. C) in Muslim ships. D) in Chinese ships as evidenced by the voyages of Zheng He. E) across the Silk Road from China.
C) in Muslim ships.
Which of the following was the most important reason for the massive growth of the African slave trade in the sixteenth century? A) the need to supply the mines of Peru with an abundant labor force B) the desire to develop the tobacco plantations of the New World C) intense labor needs created by the development of sugar growing in the New World D) the enormous growth in the African birth rate E) the European ability to obtain slaves in many West African areas
C) intense labor needs created by the development of sugar growing in the New World
The Japanese creation myth A) was identical to that of the ancient Sumerians. B) stated that Kusaka and his daughter Krishnu had created the earth in two days and established Japan two months later. C) involved the marriage of the god Izanagi and the goddess Izanami. D) was discarded during the Heian period. E) involved a great flood, similar to the stories of Gilgamesh and Noah.
C) involved the marriage of the god Izanagi and the goddess Izanami.
It can be said of Safavid cultural achievements that A) its pottery ignored eastern influences and duplicated ancient Persian designs. B) it was minimally involved with textile production. C) its seventeenth-century carpets epitomized the height of its artistic achievement. D) its painting was intensely affected by Western methods and subjects. E) its architecture was almost wholly imitative.
C) its seventeenth-century carpets epitomized the height of its artistic achievement.
The genin were A) large landowners during the Ashikaga period. B) the wealthiest samurai. C) landless laborers who could be bought and sold by the owners of the land. D) hereditary slaves, and often of Ainu or Korean ancestry. E) Buddhist priests.
C) landless laborers who could be bought and sold by the owners of the land.
Iconoclasm A) created a division in the Roman Church but not the Orthodox Church. B) required the worship of icons by Orthodox Christians. C) outlawed the use of icons in the Byzantine Empire. D) was imposed upon the East by Charlemagne. E) was a political movement to restore the primacy of Latin in the Byzantine Empire.
C) outlawed the use of icons in the Byzantine Empire.
Which of the following products attracted the greatest European interest in Southeast Asia in the period between 1500 and 1800? A) opium B) slaves C) pepper and other spices D) rayon E) ayuthaya
C) pepper and other spices
All of the following were part of the Columbian Exchange except A) cows and horses were introduced into the Western hemisphere. B) potatoes and corn were introduced into Europe from the Americas. C) potatoes and corn were introduced into the Americas from Europe. D) smallpox arrived in the Americas from Europe. E) gunpowder and guns were introduced into the Americas from Europe.
C) potatoes and corn were introduced into the Americas from Europe.
Medieval trade guilds set standards for craft production and prices, and A) encouraged experimentation in religious beliefs. B) ran independent states. C) provided financial support for members and their D) encouraged women to join as full members. E) encouraged Jews to join and thus helped integrate them into medieval towns.
C) provided financial support for members and their
In the daily life of Mughal India, the Muslim practice of barring women from associating with men outside the home was known as A) sati. B) zamindar. C) purdah. D) raga. E) harem.
C) purdah.
Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by A) becoming President of the Committee of Public Safety. B) being elected as first director of the Directory. C) seizing power in a coup d'etat. D) capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected president. E) his appointment to the post by a newly restored monarch, Louis XVII.
C) seizing power in a coup d'etat.
ustinian's most lasting accomplishment was A) his victory over the Ostrogoths. B) his defeat of the Muslim armies outside of Constantinople. C) the Corpus Iuris Civilis. D) his victory over the Nika rioters. E) the construction of Notre Dame.
C) the Corpus Iuris Civilis.
The European power that emerged triumphant in the Indonesian archipelago, and took over virtually the entire region by the end of the eighteenth century, was A) Spain. B) France. C) the Netherlands. D) Britain. E) Portugal.
C) the Netherlands.
As a result of the controversy over the policy of Jesuit missionaries accommodating Chinese religious beliefs in order to facilitate conversion to Christianity, A) the Pope permitted the Chinese to maintain their tradition of ancestor worship. B) Kangxi's successors assisted in the suppression of Christianity in Japan. C) the Pope ordered all missionaries and converts to conform to the official orthodoxy set forth in Europe. D) the Chinese emperors sent young Chinese boys to be educated in Rome. E) China declared war against the West.
C) the Pope ordered all missionaries and converts to conform to the official orthodoxy set forth in Europe.
All of the following were motives for the Crusades except A) the desire for military adventure. B) religious fervor. C) the aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians. D) the desire to gain riches and land. E) to allow the pope to assume the leadership in liberating the Holy Land.
C) the aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man by the National Assembly of France guaranteed A) the rights of all French citizens. B) an end to slavery. C) the rights and duties of male citizens. D) an end to the monarchy. E) only property rights.
C) the rights and duties of male citizens.
One of the reasons that the Franks, unlike other Germanic tribes, were able to form a lasting kingdom is that A) they had better weapons than other Germans. B) they had a strong internal code of loyalty. C) they converted to Catholicism and had the support of the Roman Catholic church against other tribes. D) the Franks remained nomadic and kept moving ahead of their enemies. E) the Romans hated the Franks more than the rest of the Germans and constantly opposed them.
C) they converted to Catholicism and had the support of the Roman Catholic church against other tribes.
Ottoman architecture A) was the least impressive of Ottoman artistic activities. B) was the result of the work of architects and workers imported from outside the empire. C) used the open floor technique originally used in the Byzantine church of Santa Sophia in designing mosques such as the one at Edirne. D) was based entirely upon Mughal models. E) was based upon the pyramid structure of ancient Egypt.
C) used the open floor technique originally used in the Byzantine church of Santa Sophia in designing mosques such as the one at Edirne.
Vassals A) took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. B) generated most of their livable income from trade and commerce. C) were supported by the income from a fief of land. D) were owed allegiance by their lords. E) were unfree peasants.
C) were supported by the income from a fief of land.
In line with mercantilist theory, A) governments had nothing to do regarding trade and manufacturing policies. B) Latin American countries traded exclusively with their "mother" countries. C) Latin American colonies were encouraged to manufacture. D) American colonies were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets by Europeans. E) the production of heavy industrial products was instituted in Mexico in 1734.
D) American colonies were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets by Europeans.
What land was Columbus trying to reach on his voyages of exploration? A) Africa B) North America C) Caribbean Islands D) Asia E) Russia
D) Asia
The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by A) Abram Voorhies. B) Vasco da Gama. C) Ferdinand Magellan. D) Bartolomeu Dias. E) Henry the Navigator.
D) Bartolomeu Dias.
The Ming Emperor Yongle moved the capital of China to A) Nanjing. B) Canton. C) Chang-an. D) Beijing. E) Hangzhou.
D) Beijing.
In the eleventh century, the Byzantine emperor, Basil II, blinded fourteen thousand soldiers of the A) Muslims. B) Vikings. C) Russians. D) Bulgars. E) Franks.
D) Bulgars.
Before Constantine made Constantinople the new capital of Rome in 324, what was the name of that city? A) Jerusalem B) Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) C) Milan D) Byzantium E) Ravenna
D) Byzantium
Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe? A) Research and learning increased. B) Standard textbooks were developed. C) More people began to read. D) Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper. E) It played a major role in the Protestant Reformation.
D) Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper.
The eighteenth century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was A) Joseph II of Austria. B) George III of Great Britain. C) Catherine the Great of Russia. D) Frederick II of Prussia. E) Louis XVI of France.
D) Frederick II of Prussia.
The founder of the Mongol Empire was A) Ogilvai Khan. B) Khubilai Khan. C) Atta Khan. D) Genghis Khan. E) Tamerlane.
D) Genghis Khan.
Which of the following is accurate regarding of the effects of Qianlong's trade policy with England? A) It showed Lord Macartney that he could not continue to attack the Emperor. B) It set the stage for a future of harmonious trade relations between the two powers. C) It showed the compromising nature of the Chinese attitude. D) It set the stage for a future of Chinese degradation and decline. E) The emperor encouraged the British to import opium from India to China.
D) It set the stage for a future of Chinese degradation and decline.
As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg, A) Calvinism became the dominant faith in northern Germany. B) Germany became highly centralized. C) Charles V reinforced his control over the German princes. D) Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in Germany. E) France was able to become independent of the Holy Roman Empire.
D) Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in Germany.
The writer who best gave expression to the sixteenth century preoccupation with political power was A) Lorenzo Ghiberti. B) Niccolo Alberti C) Giorgio Castiglione. D) Niccolo Machiavelli. E) Desiderius Erasmus.
D) Niccolo Machiavelli.
Constantinople was captured by the A) Seljuk Turks, led by Suleyman the Magnificent. B) Ottoman Turks, led by Tamerlane. C) Safavids, under Shah Ismail. D) Ottoman Turks, headed by Mehmet II. E) Mongols, led by Akbar.
D) Ottoman Turks, headed by Mehmet II.
The first European sea-faring nation desiring to trade with China and who arrived in 1514 was A) Britain. B) the Netherlands C) Spain. D) Portugal. E) France.
D) Portugal.
The name of the Chinese dynasty established by the Manchus was the A) Yuan. B) Tang. C) Ming. D) Qing. E) Han.
D) Qing.
The painter who was famous for his madonnas was A) Leonardo da Vinci. B) Michelangelo. C) Masaccio. D) Raphael. E) Alberti.
D) Raphael.
In 800, Charlemagne was crowned A) King of the Franks. B) Bishop of Rome. C) Ruler of the Germans. D) Roman Emperor. E) Emperor of the East.
D) Roman Emperor.
Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at A) Cowpens. B) Newburgh. C) Saratoga. D) Yorktown. E) Boston.
D) Yorktown.
The Manchus invaded China in 1644 and established the Qing Dynasty, which was based on A) exclusive Manchu control. B) restoring Ming rule. C) excluding the Chinese from the government. D) a multilingual, multiethnic government. E) their initial control of southern China.
D) a multilingual, multiethnic government.
The role of women in traditional China A) was less limited by custom than in contemporary Southeast Asia. B) was a subservient one, as a woman could even be divorced for not bearing sons. C) sometimes resulted in the killing of girls if their family lacked food. D) both b and c E) a, b and c
D) both b and c B) was a subservient one, as a woman could even be divorced for not bearing sons. C) sometimes resulted in the killing of girls if their family lacked food.
The French Revolution A) was precipitated by a noble-bourgeois dispute over the best way to deal with the large budgetary surpluses of 1788 and 1789. B) actually had no real impact on either the economic or political status of peasants. C) created no major gains, even temporarily, for women in such areas as divorce and inheritance. D) created a "nation in arms" and an army of 650,000. E) failed in its attempt to restore divine right monarchy to France.
D) created a "nation in arms" and an army of 650,000.
Prince Henry A) was the first European to get to the source of the Zambezi. B) established a school for naval gunners in Portsmouth, England in 1438. C) was depicted as the "epitome" of greed by Bartolomeu Dias. D) established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419. E) became king of England in 1628.
D) established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419.
Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India, A) traced his roots to Muhammad on his mother's side. B) took Isfahan early in the sixteenth century, before leading his forces into India. C) was born in Egypt. D) established his northern Indian domain after his conquest of Delhi, and died at age of 47. E) was the first Chinese-born ruler of India.
D) established his northern Indian domain after his conquest of Delhi, and died at age of 47.
Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following reasons except A) there was a potential for economic gain through increased world trade. B) some desired to spread Christianity to other parts of the world. C) they had developed confidence from improved cartography, navigational methods, and ship designs. D) fear than Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not. E) knowledge of wind patterns in the Atlantic Ocean.
D) fear than Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not.
China's population A) had a majority of females over males as so many of the latter died in China's many wars. B) was about 400,000,000 in 1395. C) was stagnant between 1600 and 1700. D) grew fast during the 1600-1800 period, reaching over 300,000,000 by 1800. E) declined between 1600 and 1800 because of a renewal of the bubonic plague.
D) grew fast during the 1600-1800 period, reaching over 300,000,000 by 1800.
An important reason why Henry VIII broke with the Roman church was because A) he became a Lutheran. B) he wanted to develop a distinct English Christianity for nationalistic reasons. C) the Archbishop of Canterbury had a direct confrontation with the Patriarch of Constantinople. D) he could not get Rome's permission to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon. E) his dislike of women caused him to become an Anglican priest.
D) he could not get Rome's permission to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon.
Leonardo da Vinci frequently left paintings unfinished because A) he was lazy. B) he ran out of ideas. C) he was often sickly and unable to paint. D) he was rarely satisfied with his own work. E) he hated his patrons and wanted to punish them.
D) he was rarely satisfied with his own work.
As a result of European expansion into Africa, A) the Mwene Metapa was entirely eliminated by the Portuguese. B) the economic conditions of the continent were unaltered. C) North African political regimes were toppled by French forces. D) internal conflict among native African groups was intensified. E) most Africans became wealthier.
D) internal conflict among native African groups was intensified.
In the Chinese civil service examination system A) candidates from southern China always received the highest positions. B) the system entirely eliminated aristocratic influence in the government bureaucracy. C) the Song severely restricted the eligibility for taking the exams. D) many candidates who passed the first examination did not go on to a higher level. E) very few of the successful candidates came from the landed gentry.
D) many candidates who passed the first examination did not go on to a higher level.
The system that came to be known as the "cottage industry" involved all except A) the purchase, by an entrepreneur, of the raw materials needed for textile production. B) country laborers producing yarn and cloth. C) the selling of finished products by an entrepreneur. D) peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs. E) it was also known as the "putting-out" system.
D) peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs.
The third estates included A) priests and monks. B) kings and emperors. C) knights and squires. D) peasants, merchants, and artisans. E) b and c
D) peasants, merchants, and artisans.
The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the A) creation of the Articles of Confederation. B) confrontation at Yorktown. C) confrontation over the Stamp Act. D) signing of the Declaration of Independence. E) creation of the United States Constitution.
D) signing of the Declaration of Independence.
In Spain's New World Empire A) Spanish colonials, following the lead of Bartolomé de Las Casas, were much less harsh toward the American natives than the Spanish government urged them to be. B) the encomienda policies insured only a 2 percent profit per year to each Spanish investor. C) the number of natives on the island of Hispaniola was increased from 300 to 100,000 between 1493 and 1570. D) the Spanish monarchy, by special agreement with the papacy, had extensive powers over Church activities in the Americas. E) the native Americans eagerly and consistently embraced Spanish colonial policies.
D) the Spanish monarchy, by special agreement with the papacy, had extensive powers over Church activities in the Americas.
On the eve of the French Revolution, all of the following are correct except A) the hereditary aristocracy was still the most powerful class in European society. B) the nobles and clergy in France were effectively untaxed, even as the French treasury neared bankruptcy and millions were hungry. C) the bourgeoisie comprised about eight percent of the population. D) the peasants were enthusiastic for revolutionary change. E) monarchy was the norm for European governments.
D) the peasants were enthusiastic for revolutionary change.
Which of the following was not characteristic of Gothic architecture? A) stained glass windows B) ribbed vaults and pointed arches C) flying buttresses D) thick walls E) a play of lightness
D) thick walls
Qianlong A) ended civil service corruption by demanding his standards of permanence and by ordering the public executions of a number of corrupt officials. B) was the first emperor to have a French concubine given to him by the Japanese emperor. C) was a great soldier who was killed in battle in Tibet. D) was dissatisfied by Lord Macartney's behavior in China. E) retired at age forty-six and returned to his birthplace in Manchuria.
D) was dissatisfied by Lord Macartney's behavior in China.
Flagellants A) was the term used to describe the aristocratic opponents of rebelling serfs. B) were Jews who beat themselves in an effort to avoid harsher abuse by Christians. C) were a new order of friars which were established in France by Joan of Arc. D) were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death. E) were hereditary slaves in fifteenth-century Italy.
D) were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death.
The first European country to explore, and ultimately exploit, the Gold Coast of Africa was A) England. B) the Republic of Genoa C) Holland. D) Spain. E) Portugal.
E) Portugal.
One of the reasons the kingdom of Silla was able to dominate over the other two Korean kingdoms of Paekche and Koguryo was that A) Silla was the oldest of the three kingdoms. B) Silla was in contact with the Nara/Heian states of Japan. C) Koguryo invaded Paekche, leaving Silla to take over the rest of the peninsula. D) Silla was the only fertile land of the Korean regions. E) Silla was the only one of the three kingdoms to prevent a full takeover by the Tang Empire.
E) Silla was the only one of the three kingdoms to prevent a full takeover by the Tang Empire.
Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the nature of Ottoman governmental processes? A) Originally, Ottoman rule was dominated by tribal law and augmented by Muslim law. B) The Ottoman Empire was influenced by Byzantine and Persian rule. C) The sultan ruled from the Topkapi with the assistance of the Grand Vezirs, who were primarily the products of the devshirme process. D) The government was located in Istanbul, the former Constantinople. E) The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam.
E) The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam.
The so-called "seventeen-article constitution" involved A) a decentralization of Japanese government by Shotoku Taishi. B) an effort to enable the Japanese to conquer the Tang Dynasty of China. C) the formal establishment of feudalism. D) a last-ditch effort to keep peasants under Buddhist control. E) a centralized government under a supreme ruler and a merit system.
E) a centralized government under a supreme ruler and a merit system.
The Mongols A) were unsuccessful in two attempts to capture Japan. B) forced thousands of Koreans to perform forced labor. C) were driven out of Vietnam by Vietnamese guerrillas. D) both a and b E) a, b, and c
E) a, b, and c
The epidemics of the Black Death, which began in 1347, led to A) an increase in wages for workers. B) continuous peace between European nations. C) the movements of large populations into the cities of Europe. D) a lack of interest in the Christian faith. E) an increase in anti-Semitism.
E) an increase in anti-Semitism.
Wu Zhao A) was the founder of the White Lotus sect. B) translated The Way of the Dao into Khitan. C) was the Chinese name of Marco Polo. D) was the founder of the Ming Dynasty. E) became empress of China.
E) became empress of China.
After the death of Henry VIII, England A) returned to Catholicism. B) became Lutheran. C) established a republic, called the "Commonwealth." D) became more Catholic under Edward VI. E) became more Protestant under Edward VI.
E) became more Protestant under Edward VI.
Christopher Columbus A) was an escaped criminal from Munich when he sailed to the Americas. B) was of Genoese origin, although he gained fame in the service of the Portuguese king. C) was the brother of Hessin Cortes. D) converted to Islam on his forty-third birthday. E) believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought.
E) believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau A) was idealistic and honest and never deviated from his promises or commitments. B) argued that children's education should be strict and regimented. C) argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free." D) believed that women were "naturally" different from men. E) both b and c
E) both b and c B) argued that children's education should be strict and regimented. C) argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free."
As a result of the Glorious Revolution, England became a A) republic. B) divine right monarchy. C) federated commonwealth. D) democracy. E) constitutional monarchy.
E) constitutional monarchy.
The Jesuits were most successful at A) converting the Chinese to Christianity. B) introducing European style foods into China. C) stopping the spread of Islam into China. D) negotiating an expansive trade settlement between the Ming and European powers. E) introducing Western scientific ideas into China.
E) introducing Western scientific ideas into China.
Suleiman the Magnificent A) conquered Constantinople. B) conquered Vienna. C) stopped the Portuguese from establishing trade ports in Indonesia. D) created the largest Shi'ite empire in Muslim history. E) led the greatest expansion of Ottoman territory.
E) led the greatest expansion of Ottoman territory.
The Mongols A) were, under Genghis Khan, aggressive traders virtually obsessed with making profits. B) ruled China, by means of the Yuan Dynasty, for four hundred and thirty-seven years. C) established their capital in China at Nanjing. D) destroyed the Chinese economy by outlawing all trade. E) made use of Chinese institutions in governing China.
E) made use of Chinese institutions in governing China.
Hernando Cortés conquered A) the Inca of Peru. B) the Aztecs because his army outnumbered them. C) the Aztecs because his soldiers had plate armor. D) the Aztec Empire because it was a weak state on the point of collapse. E) the Aztecs of Mexico.
E) the Aztecs of Mexico.
A major Spanish base of operations in Southeast Asia was established in A) Malacca. B) Vietnam. C) Burman lands. D) Java. E) the Philippines.
E) the Philippines.
Although the earlier Tang dynasty based the civil service examinations exclusively upon Confucian texts, the later Song also included both Daoist and Buddhist texts. A) True B) False
False
As a proud Manchu, Kangxi refused any accommodation with Chinese political or intellectual culture. A) True B) False
False
As a result of the Fourth Crusade, the West established a permanent political presence in the Byzantine Empire. A) True B) False
False
Barrel vaulting and massive pillars were characteristic of the Gothic style. A) True B) False
False
Because of the lack of sanitation, the mortality rate of the Black Death was considerably higher in rural areas than in urban areas. A) True B) False
False
By the end of the eighteenth century, serfdom had come to an end in eastern Europe, but it still existed in western Europe, and was to prove one of the causes of the French Revolution. A) True B) False
False
During the Song era, Chinese painting was primarily inspired by Confucianism. A) True B) False
False
England won the Hundred Year's War because of the English reliance on the longbow. A) True B) False
False
In 1529, Suleyman I the Magnificent conquered Vienna. A) True B) False
False
In the 1280s, Venice's Marco Polo visited the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Yuan dynasty. A) True B) False
False
In the geocentric universe model, the earth revolves around the sun. A) True B) False
False
Janissaries were Hindu rajputs who were converted to Islam by the Ottoman. A) True B) False
False
Lord Macartney convinced Emperor Qianlong to open Chinese ports to British trade. A) True B) False
False
Maria Winkelmann was the author of the Vindication of the Right of Women. A) True B) False
False
Rome was the largest city in Europe in the Middle Ages. A) True B) False
False
Spanish conquistadors were reluctant to conquer native American peoples because they believed military conquest was anti-Christian. A) True B) False
False
The Hagia Sophia was built by the Byzantine emperor Constantine when he moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople. A) True B) False
False
The Japanese moon god was Amaterasu. A) True B) False
False
The Uighur's writing system, which was imitated and utilized by many cultures, was based on a system of written characters unique to the Uighur. A) True B) False
False
The appearance of the violent and destructive Mongol Empire ended all trade between the West and China. A) True B) False
False
The artistic movement that dominated the Western artistic world during the seventeenth century was known as Neo-classical, inspired by the legacy of Greece and Rome. A) True B) False
False
The conquistadors of Spain were financed and outfitted by the Spanish crown. A) True B) False
False
The custom of foot binding was condemned by the Tang emperors and had disappeared from China by the beginning of the Song era. A) True B) False
False
The first European nation to gain control of Southeast Asia's spice trade was the Netherlands. A) True B) False
False
The first true book produced from moveable type was Marco Polo's Travels. A) True B) False
False
The greatest danger to Louis XIV's rule came from rebellious peasants. A) True B) False
False
The samurai reached the apex of the military prowess and influence during the Tokugawa shogunate. A) True B) False
False
There had been no slavery in Africa before the arrival of the Europeans. A) True B) False
False
Toussaint L'Ouverture led a royalist rebellion against the radicalism of French Revolution in the French colony of Saint Domingue. A) True B) False
False
Where Lutheranism was established, the state played no role in supervising or overseeing the church. A) True B) False
False
With the coming of the Europeans, Christianity replaced Buddhism and Islam as the major religion of Southeast Asia. A) True B) False
False
After the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church had a clear body of doctrine under the supremacy of the pope. A) True B) False
True
After the expulsion of Christian missionaries and other Westerners, the Japanese allowed only the Dutch access to Japan. A) True B) False
True
Although the Sui dynasty ruled only a short time, its successes included the construction of the Grand Canal, linking the Yangtze and the Yellow rivers. A) True B) False
True
Although world-wide trade increased in seventeenth century, local, regional, and intra-European trade still predominated. A) True B) False
True
Before the coming of the Europeans, most slaves in Africa were prisoners of war captives or had inherited their status. A) True B) False
True
By 1763, Great Britain had become the world's greatest colonial power. A) True B) False
True
France's revolutionary army was an important step in the creation of modern nationalism. A) True B) False
True
In 1054 the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church excommunicated each other, leading to a split in Christendom which continues to the present. A) True B) False
True
In the 1400s, after the Ming admiral Zhenghe had successfully led several large sailing expeditions to the coast of Africa and throughout Southeast Asia, the voyages were discontinued and were never revived. A) True B) False
True
In the Enlightenment, many intellectuals argued that women were by nature inferior to men. A) True B) False
True
Isaac Newton was an inspiration for the Enlightenment in his contention that the world and everything in it worked like a giant machine. A) True B) False
True
Social institutions tended to be fairly homogeneous throughout Southeast Asia during the early modern era. A) True B) False
True
The Church's primary instrument of conversion was the monastic movement. A) True B) False
True
The Grand Canal, which linked the T'ang capital to the coastal towns of the south, allowed the T'ang to shift their government farther to the east. A) True B) False
True
The Holy Office, or Inquisition, was the court established by the church to uncover heresy and punish religious heretics. A) True B) False
True
The Janissaries were an elite and respected military corps of slaves, converts from Christianity to Islam, who could achieve high government offices under the Ottomans. A) True B) False
True
The Ming built the Forbidden City within Beijing, but they were not the first Chinese dynasty to use Beijing as the capital of China. A) True B) False
True
The Mughals were founded by a descendent of Genghis Khan. A) True B) False
True
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all of nomadic origin. A) True B) False
True
The Renaissance was largely an urban phenomenon. A) True B) False
True
The activities of Western Christian missionaries reached their height of influence during Kangxi's reign. A) True B) False
True
The demesne was the land on the manor retained by the lord and worked by peasants and serfs. A) True B) False
True
The first Mughal emperor, Babur, was descended from both Tamerlane and Genghis Khan. A) True B) False
True
The government under the rule of the shogun was known as the bakufu, or "tent government." A) True B) False
True
The official primary motives of European expansion were "God, glory, and gold." A) True B) False
True
There was a dramatic rise in commerce and manufacturing, especially in the growing cities, during the Tokugawa shogunate era. A) True B) False
True
Vasco da Gama was the first European to reach India by sailing around Africa. A) True B) False
True