Women's Gender Studies Unit 1 & 2 Quizzes

_____________ refers to the death of a woman that occurs either while she is pregnant or as a result of that pregnancy (within 42 days of giving birth).

Maternal Mortality

Women all over the world have a great deal in common. However, which of the following statements is false?

Most women live in cultures where they don't have to worry about unplanned pregnancy due to the high desirability of producing multiple offspring.

_______________ occurs when tissues between the vaginal wall and the bladder or rectum are torn during childbirth. This condition can result in ulcerations, infections, and/or incontinence.

Obstetric ?stula

True or False? Even today, gender inequality affects women everywhere in both enormous and profound ways.

True

True or False? In contrast to what occurs in developing countries, abortion is almost always safe in developed regions.

True

True or False? Despite the hard work of activists, less than 50% of all countries recognized by the UN have enacted domestic violence laws.

True

True or False? Female genital cutting most commonly takes place just before a woman starts puberty.

True

True or False? In developing nations, reduced lactation is one of the most serious side effects caused by hormonal contraceptives.

True

True or False? It has been estimated that pimps (rather than prostitutes themselves) control at least 80% of all prostitution.

True

Honor killing is a tradition whereby a man is obliged to kill a close female blood relative if she does something to dishonor her family. Which of the following statements about honor killing is FALSE?

Women are commonly targeted for honor killing when they neglect to wear makeup.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most widely used form of reversible birth control in the world. However, their potential side effects include _______________.

an increased risk for pelvic inflammatory disease

The idea that right and wrong are culturally determined is called __________.

cultural relativism

An individual who rejects the customs of other cultures, believing that his or her own culture's way of doing things is the right way, may be described as being ____________.

ethnocentric

Typically, the legalization of abortion _______________ its rate of prevalence and leads to _______________ mortality rates.

has minimal impact on & decreased

The best way to respect cultural diversity and advocate for women's rights is to do all of the following, except:

help women understand how they could be better off by living like women from a more advanced country.

Countries with pronatalist policies attempt to increase birth rates by reducing or banning contraception and abortion (and/or by providing government benefits based on family size). These policies are often enacted with the hope of _______________.

increasing the workforce

Women's experiences vary widely due to ____________ , which may be described as the interplay between different social categories (e.g., age and race). Their experiences are also influenced by the political, historical, and economic _________ in which they occur.

intersectionality; contexts

An individual who describes gender inequality as a social, historical, and alterable phenomenon is utilizing a(n) ____________ explanation.

materialist

A society that is structured in such a way that women are economically dependent upon men may be described as being ____________.

patriarchal

According to the text, "war rape" may be defined as the rape of women during wartime. Which of the following is a specific type of war rape?

political rape & forced concubinage

Corporations, which are heavily motivated by their own profit margins, play a large role in the reproductive technologies that are available to women. Pharmaceutical companies have even gone so far as to _______________.

present incomplete information from drug trials in order to receive FDA approval & pull products off the market in order to avoid paying for manufacturing plant upgrades

Labor that yields money or goods can be described as having _________________. In contrast, unpaid labor that is primarily for the use of one's family may be thought of as having _________________.

public use value & private use value

Collectively, the right to reproductive health care and the right to reproductive self-determination are referred to as _______________.

reproductive rights

While _________________ objectifies women by reducing them to sex, _________________ incites violence against women and reduces them to commodities for market exchange.

sexual exploitation & sexual objectification

In some countries where shortages of women are severe, polyandry has become more commonplace. According to what you have read, polyandry may be defined as _________________.

the practice of brothers sharing a wife

The sociocultural approach to gender inequality suggests that ____________

there are biological differences between males and females, and they are important.

Social constructivist and sociocultural explanations for gender inequality stress that:

there are important differences between "sex" and "gender," gendered power relations are socially constructed, and gender is dynamic.

In many cultures, it is believed that sexual morality and family security would be jeopardized if _______________.

women could enjoy sexual relations and prevent pregnancy

In comparison to their more economically robust counterparts, "developing countries" have low standards of living and high poverty rates. Perhaps unsurprisingly then, developing nations also have higher maternal mortality rates; _____ percent of all maternal deaths occur in such countries.

99

Goal 5 of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals called for ___________ and ___________ by 2015.

A 75% reduction in maternal mortality & universal access to reproductive health care

Women who identify themselves as feminists ____________.

Aspire to be full and equal participants with men at all levels of social life. & Tend to have lower levels of hostility towards men than non-feminists.

True or false? Despite women's activism, the number of countries outlawing abortion has increased dramatically in the past 20 years.

False

True or false? Due to what is known as "son preference," families in many countries value male children over female children. This often results in the purposeful killing, abandonment, and/or neglect of female infants. However, the male-to-female ratios in these countries have remained surprisingly stable.

False

_________ refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for nonmedical purposes.

Female genital cutting & Female genital mutilation & Female circumcision

Social activists focus on reforming legal and justice systems that allow the violation of women's rights. As of 2005, which of the following issues is not included in the work of women's rights activists?

Fighting for women's suffrage in countries where men have the right to vote

Once a government has signed a human rights declaration, activists can ____________.

Hold that government accountable for harms done. & Pressure that government to implement and enforce consistent policies, programs, and laws.

A dowry consists of money or goods paid by a bride's family to either the groom or the groom's family (primarily in the countries of Southeast Asia). Which of the following statements about dowry is false?

Increasingly large dowry requirements make it advantageous for families to try and have multiple daughters.

Although there is great regional variation, women earn _________________ less than men on average.

15 percent

Worldwide, approximately _________________ percent of women engage in paid work.

40

Approximately _______________ percent of all pregnancies are unintended. Of those unintended pregnancies, around _______________ percent end in induced abortion.

50 & 50

Which of the following statements is NOT applicable to forced marriage?

Coercion and deception are often not involved.

True or False? Gender norms refer to the process by which societal beliefs and expectations about gender are instilled in us.

False

True or False? Historically, men's work in the private sphere led to them having both greater property rights and economic/political power.

False

True or False? The path to gender equality is ultimately the same regardless of one's culture.

False

True or False? The primary goal of multiculturalism is to eliminate undesirable cultural differences while emphasizing commonalities.

False

True or False? The sole purpose of global women's studies is to gain a scholarly understanding of cross- cultural gender inequality; this is viewed as being an end in and of itself.

False

True or False? Although restricting legal abortion typically reduces abortion rates (albeit moderately), legalizing abortion also seems to decrease its prevalence.

False

True or False? Countries with antinatalist policies tend to provide a large range of contraceptive options, but they emphasize those that are both low in risk and high in effectiveness.

False

True or False? Due to the progress of women's activism over the past 20 years, there are currently less than 10 million women (worldwide) who lack access to safe and effective contraception.

False

True or False? In some countries, bride kidnapping has developed as a way for poor men to avoid paying the bride price (which involves the groom giving money, goods, or livestock to the parents of the bride in return for her hand). However, even in the countries where bride price is most common, bride kidnapping is still extremely rare.

False

True or False? Reproductive health conditions are the third leading cause of death and illness among women of childbearing age worldwide.

False

True or False? Sex trafficking is the second most commonly identified form of human trafficking.

False

True or False? While there are still far more poor women than poor men worldwide, the gap has closed immensely in the past decade.

False

True or false? Despite the hard work of activists, less than 50% of all countries recognized by the UN have enacted domestic violence laws.

False

True or false? The influence of gender on childhood malnutrition and infant/child mortality has dramatically increased in the last 20 years.

False

Which of the following statements regarding "gender health disparities" is true?

In addition to facing a number of other health hazards, women are more likely than men to develop COPD as a result of cooking over open ?res or traditional stoves.

Which of the following statements about sexual tourism is true?

In some places, sex can be bought from a travel agent as part of a tourist package.

Which of the following statements about the Roman Catholic Church is false?

It is officially opposed to all forms of birth control.

Which of the following reasons does NOT support that fact that the global study of women is rich and rewarding?

It offers insights into the differential structures of the female brain.

The UN Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an important human rights document. Which of the following statements about this document is false?

The United States has ratified this document.

When wives are murdered by their husbands or in-laws for dowry purposes, it is called "dowry murder." Dowry murder can occur under all of the circumstances, except which of the following?

The husband realized that he and his wife are not romantically compatible.

True or False? As of 2005, all countries that allowed men to vote had granted women the same right.

True

The two most identified types of trafficking victims are _________________.

adult women and underage girls