World Civ 1500 Final Exam Vocab Spring 2015 SPSU

Viracocha

"Created the world, destroy the world", is the great creator deity in the pre-Inca and Inca mythology in the Andes region of South America. Is an important deity in the Inca pantheon and seen as the creator of all things, or the substance from which all things are created, and intimately associated with the sea.

Daimyo

"Heads of great noble families" In feudal Japan, one of the great lords who were vassal (a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance) of the shogun.

Kamikaze

"divine wind" aka typhoon that killed & stopped the invading Mongols from taking over Japan

Six reasons for the fall of Rome (Essay Question)

(1)Government corruption and political instability (2)Arrival of the Huns & migration of Barbarians (3)Christianity and the loss of traditional values. (4)Weakening of the Roman legions (military) (5)Invasions by Barbarian tribes (Lost Wars) (6)Economic troubles & Over Reliance on slave labor

Japan's code of Bushido (ESSAY)

(1)Samurai-Military retainers whose purpose was to protect the security and property of their patron. (2)Bushido had 4 main codes "strict warrior code or way of the warrior" *Frugality-no matter his wealth, the Samurai lived simply with few comforts. *Loyalty-The Samurai unquestioningly followed & defended his warlord or emperor. *Martial Arts Mastery:Katana- Curved, single-edged swords. Yumi- Long wooden bow. Yari- Steel-bladed spear. *Honor to the death-if the Samurai was defeated, badly wounded, or disgraced in battle. He could only restore his honor through the ritual of Seppuku (is suicide by slicing open his own abdomen)

Ordeal

(Trial ) was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused was determined by subjecting them to an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. Classically, the test was one of life or death and the proof of innocence was survival.

Shoen

(tax-exempt farmland) was a field or manor in Japan. private, tax-free, often autonomous estates or manors whose rise undermined the political and economic power of the emperor and contributed to the growth of powerful local clans.

Basil II

9th century Byzantine emperor (976-1025), who extended imperial rule in the Balkans (notably Bulgaria), Mesopotamia, Georgia, and Armenia and increased his domestic authority by attacking the powerful land interests of the military aristocracy and of the church. was the son of Romanus II and Theophano and was crowned co-emperor. Also converted the kingdom of "Bruce(SP)" to Christianity.

Attila

A Hun, ruler of the Huns, & leader of the Hunnic Empire.

Quipu

A communication device (necklace) used by the Inca

Hideyori

A great warrior who unified Japan after more than a century of civil unrest.

Shiiki

A tax on income @ 50%, supported by Daimyo

Oda Nobunaga

A warrior who was born in 1534 (Fujiwara family) in Owari Province, Japan. Controlled all of Owari, unified all of Japan under the rule of the shogun.

Leo III

Byzantine emperor and pope, defended Constantinople against the last Arab siege.

Clovis

Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. was the son of Childeric .

Constantine

Emperor of ROme who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)

Wu Zhao

Female Tang dynasty, (Chinese) empress, who tried to limit the power of the great families.

Tokugawa

Has complete control of Japan from 1611-1854

Josephus

Jewish general who led the revolt of the Jews against the Romans and then wrote a history of those events (37-100).

Charlemagne

King of Franks and Holy Roman Emperor

Theodoric

King of the Ostrogoths and conqueror of Italy. He spent part of his youth as a hostage in Constantinople. Married

Valens

Military fighter, co-ruler with Valentinian(brother), son of Cibalae, married Albia Domnica, killed by the Goth's in the (revolt) Battle of Adrianople

Genghis Khan

Mongol leader who rose from humble beginnings to establish the largest land empire in history. United nomadic tribes of the Mongolian plateau.

Cult of Isis

Mystery religion from Egypt, had limited appeal.

Aztecs

Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519.

Quetzalcoatl

One of the most important gods in ancient Mesoamerica. Also known as the "Plumed Serpent" is a mix of bird and rattle snake.

Jewish War

Revolt by the Jews against Roman control, Jerusalem was destroyed, Jews & Christians were displaced.

Hadrian

Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan

Diocletian

Roman emperor of the late empire with "Constantine" who helped transform the late empire into a new state. New stronger government, larger army, and infrastructure.

Ovid

Roman poet remembered for his elegiac (sad) verses on love (43 BC- AD17)

Augustus

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC

Li Yuan

Tang Dynasty (China) ruler whose son took power from him

Goths

Teutonic people who invaded the Roman Empire in the 3rd to 5th centuries.

Teotihuancan

The first major city metropolis in Mesoamerica. 30 miles north of Mexico City

Caligula

The third Roman emperor, formally know as "Gaius", was in his early 20's, ruled of 4 years (A.D. 37-41), He announced political reforms and recalled all exiles. Spent money on building, roads,harbors, aqueducts, theaters, and temples. Know for this quote "Remember that I have the right to do anything to anybody."

Bestiarii

Those who went into combat with beasts, or were exposed to them.

Christianity

Was the main reason/ religion that brought on the destruction of the Roman Empire. Changed the views and traditional values of the Roman people.

Charles the Hammer

Won the Battle of Tours (Christians vs Islam, ruling power in Europe). Also know as "Charles Martel",

Justinian

a Christian emperor of the Roman Empire between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Was also called "The Last of the Romans." Reorganized the government of the Roman Empire. Theodora was his wife. Fought against the Persians.

Cuzco

a city located in mountains of southern Peru. Inka's (rulers) lived here, also launched a conquest that brought the entire region under their authority.

Pulque

a drink & drug for people who were about to be killed/ sacrificed

Chichen Itza

a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period. located in the municipality of Tinum, in the Mexican state of Yucatán.

Edict of Milan

a proclamation that established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire 313. was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Milan between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius in February 313.

Shogun

a title that was granted by the Emperor to the country's top military commander (general).

Zeno

ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Stoic School and also formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory.

Reclics

bones or other objects intimately associated with saints

Julius Caesar

born1 in00 BCE via C Section, served in the army & senate, in 59DCE became Ruler

Onin War

civil war in the central Kyōto region of Japan, a prolonged period of domestic strife, led to the end of the manorial system and the rise of the great territorial magnates, or daimyo. rivalry between Hosokawa Katsumoto, prime minister for the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, and Yamana Mochitoyo, whose family were powerful landowners in the western Honshu region.

Shotoku

established the Seventeen Article Constitution (hard work & obedience), created the twelve official ranks of court, and brought the influence of China to Japan. His real name is Prince Umayado, which literally means 'prince of the stable door (Shotoku Taishi)

Ainu

indigenous people of Japan and Russia

Admiral Yi aka Yi Song-gye

is a commander who gained power after the fall of Koryo. Founded the new "Yi" dynasty in 1392.

Shinto

is the Japanese devotion to invisible spiritual beings and powers called kami. set of rituals/shrines that enable human beings to communicate with kami.

Kirisute

literally, "authorization to cut and leave" (the body of the victim) is an old Japanese expression dating back to the feudal era right to strike (right of samurai to kill commoners for perceived affronts). Samurai had the right to strike with sword at anyone of a lower class who compromised their honor.

Huns

members of a nomadic pastoralist people who invaded southeastern Europe c.ad 370 and during the next seven decades built up an enormous empire there and in central Europe. Overthrew the empire of the Ostrogoths & the Visigoths. Han dynasty was one of the greatest and most durable dynasties in Chinese history

Mystery Religions

popular in the Hellenistic east a religion that offered its followers entry into a higher world of reality with a promise of a future life superior to the present one.

Fujiwara

powerful clan that gained power after Shotoku Taishi's death by marrying into the ruling family. They continued the reforms Shotoku started.

Procopius

prominent scholar from Palaestina Prima. became principal historian of the 6th century, wrote the "Wars of Justinian", "Buildings of Justinian" and the "Secret History". He is commonly held to be the last major historian of the ancient world.

Zheng He

set out on explorations (for Ming Dynasty) in which his mission was to display the power of China while also creating better relations with other nations and setting up trade agreements in different parts of the world. He's voyages (East Africa, India, and Arabia, and the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula) are known for is the size of the fleets that he commanded. Attacked by Chen Zuyi (a pirate) His forces went into attack mode and killed more than 5,000 of Chen Zuyi's pirates. Died at sea and burned by his men.

Wergeld

the amount of compensation paid by a person committing an offense to the injured party or, in case of death, to his family. Germanic law.

Bushido

the code of conduct of the Samurai class of Japan. (strict warrior code) "way of the warrior"

Ashikaga

the family appointed as Shogun (general) after the Kamakura Shogunate was over thrown by powerful clans. Were unable to restore centralized power leading to "Daimyo" (heads of great noble families

Suiko

the first female to be ruler, requested that her nephew, Prince Shotoku, be her regent

Flavius Belisarius

was born in Illyria (the western part of the Balkan Peninsula) to poor parents and rose to become one of the greatest generals, if not the greatest, of the Byzantine Empire. served under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.was a notable candidate for the title of "Last of the Romans" which meant the last individual who most perfectly embodies the values of the Roman Empire at its best.

Song Dynasty

was one of the great dynasties ruling over China. (small area) their age is seen as a time of economical, cultural and social prosperity and often coined the Chinese "renaissance".

Photius

was the(King) Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867. excommunicated the Pope. He is recognized in the Eastern Orthodox churches as St. Photios the Great.

Ashigaru

were foot-soldiers who were employed by the samurai class of feudal Japan (street fighters of Japan)