world history 9 and 10
in the year ____, the _____ recognized the rights and obligations of the king and vassals
1215, magna carta
when the carolingian empire was decided in 843 into ____ the western frankish lands formed to kingdom of _____
3, france
The god of islam is whom
Allah
the journey of muhammad and his followers to Medina is what
Hijrah
istanbul's grand bazaar was built 550 years ago by the ottoman sultan ____ after his conquest of ______ and is still in operation today.
Mehmed II, constantinople
islamic art included poetry by masters such as ______-
Omar Khayyam
king ______ fought english dominance and gained control of several french territories, king ______ was known for trying to bring justice to the people, and king _______ created a french parliament
Phillip II Augustus, Louis IX, Phillip IV
in 680, what event led islam to split into two conflicting groups
a revolt in iraq elf by the son of muhammad's son in law
For early arabs, allah was symbolized by what
a sacred stone
repeated geometry patterns called _______ are used in art and architecture
arabesques
arabs spread and developed indian mathematics, perfected the use of the_______ for navigation, and developed ______ as a field of scientific study
astrolabe, medicine
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
bourgeoisie
merchants and artisans living in walled cities came to be called what
burghers or bourgeoisie, from the german word burg, meaning "a walled enclosure"
the arabs translated work by _____ philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle into Arabic and added commentaries written by arab philosophers including ______
greek, Ibn-rushd
the golden age of the addasid caliphate was the reign of
harun al-rashid
in oder to encourage trade between flanders and italy, the counts of champagne what
initiated a series of trade fairs in the chief towns of the territory
what names two problems facing western europe after the death of charlemagne
invasions from northern peoples and internal division
armed cavalry
knights
what may have enabled people to move back into cities
less dependence on agriculture for survival
early caliphs ruled their empire from the city of what
madinah
agricultural estate that a lord ran and peasants worked
manor
before the trade routes were established, arabs were primarily what?
nomads
peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord's control
serfs
the code of law that regulates all aspects of muslim life is what
shari'ah
the arabs married on extensive trade both by ________ and by camel _____
ships and caravans.
The _____ peoples of ____ europe divided into three major groups, each of which formed new kingdoms
slavic, central orthodox
gold and slaves came from ______, silk and porcelain came from _____, and sandal wood and spices came from india and _______
south of the sahara, china, southeast asia
abu bakr unified the muslim world by what
suppressing political and religious uprisings
in 636, the arab army took advantage of a dust storm army to defeat who
the byzantine army
what led directly to arabs populating more of the desert in the first millennium bc?
the domestication of the camel
the islamic religion was created as a direct result of what
the revelations received by Muhammad
what was an expectation of knights under the chivalric code?
to trat prisoners with respect and dignity
arab expansion in western europe was halted when arab armies were defeated at the battle of _____
tours
when general mu'awiyah made the position of caliph hereditary, he established the _______ dynasty
umayyad
what would directly serve both lords and kings?
vassals
germanic warriors from scandinavia
vikings
the eastern slavs who lived in present-day ukraine and russia were conquered by _______ who were in turn conquered by _____
vikings, mongols
society in the arab empire included a well-defined upper class of ___ families, officials, and wealthy _____
wealthy, merchants
the _______ were a pastoral people in north africa who were conquered and converted to islam by the arabs
Berbens
some eastern slavic peoples were converted to _______ by the missionary brothers, ____ and ______
Christianity, cyril, methods
a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare
carruca
why was feudalism developed
centralized power was lost in the face of invasion
code of ethics guiding nobility
chivalry
when abu bakr died, what happened
conflicts over who should rule resulted in several assassinations
the Quran granted women spiritual and social ____, but men remained _______ in society
equality, dominant
since muhammad had named no successor before he died, his followers chose abu bakr, muhammad's adviser and _______, to be their religious and political leader.
father in law
relationship between lord and vassals
feudalism
grant of land to a vassal
fief
The acts of worship practiced by muslims is what
five pillars of islam
according to islamic teaching, muhammad received messages from who
gabriel
king henry II expended the power of the english _____; he strengthened the power of the royal _______ and studied for power over the _______-
monarchy, courts, catholic church
william of _____ conquered england in the year ______
normandy, 1066
King ____ and his successors attempted to rule both germany and ______ as the ____ empire.
otto I, Itlay, Holy roman
islamic cities such as baghdad, cairo, and damascus featured public baths and bazaars, ______ for government officials, and ______ for worship
palaces, mosques
the establishment of the ____ brought respesentative government to england
parliament
wealthy, powerful landowner
patrician
what was a result of the growth of trade and cities in the middle ages
people acquiring rights and freedoms form local lords
Caught up in disputes with _____ in italy, and the _______ in german lands, the emperor had no real power in either part of his empire
pope, german lords
the lord-vassal relations what
required military service
a divine truth revealed to muahammad is what
revelation
the hanseatic league was instrumental in what
protecting trade and promoting the economy in northern europe