World History

_____________ was coined to refer to politically unstable and economically poor Latin American countries. Answers: A. Chicles B. Banana republics C. Pardos D. Caudillos

B. Banana republics

The Rose Garden Edict (1839) did all of the following except: Answers: A. Proclaimed its congruence with Islamic law. B. Freed Christians and Jews from unusual burdens. C. Enumerated basic human rights. D. Introduced a military conscription system.

B. Freed Christians and Jews from unusual burdens.

Who launched the movement for independence in New Spain (modern Mexico)? Answers: A. King Fernando VII B. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla C. Joseph Bonaparte D. Antonio López de Santa Anna

B. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

The first practical steam-powered riverboat went from: Answers: A. Vienna to Berlin B. New York to Albany C. Liverpool to London D. Paris to Berlin

B. New York to Albany

The Japanese occupation of Manchuria's Liaodong Peninsula in the 1890s was opposed by the Triple Intervention, an alliance of all of the following European countries except: Answers: A. Germany B. France C. Russia D. Great Britain

D. Great Britain

The ______ for Africa was a competition among European powers to acquire African colonies that began with the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885. Answers: A. Mission. B. Dash. C. Race. D. Scramble.

D. Scramble.

In 1792, the sultan and his viziers proclaimed a "new order" for the army, in which: Answers: A. A separate artillery and flintlock musket corps was created alongside the Janissaries. B. The Janissaries were allowed to re-convert to Christianity and adopt pacifism. C. Funding was demanded directly from the valley lords and not from the central treasury. D. Troop numbers were sharply reduced and trained in the latest European techniques.

A. A separate artillery and flintlock musket corps was created alongside the Janissaries.

In order to survive, Shiites developed the theological concept of taqiyya, which: Answers: A. Allows them to pretend they are Sunnis. B. Promotes ecumenical arrangements with Jewish groups. C. Permits the murder of Sunni, in the cause of jihad. D. Allows them to parade their identity, in defiance of Sunni authorities.

A. Allows them to pretend they are Sunnis.

Correct By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Mughal emperor's lands had been reduced to the region immediately surrounding _________ and Agra. Answers: A. Delhi. B. Madras. C. Calcutta. D. Bombay.

A. Delhi.

Independence and the end of Spanish rule initially benefited which Latin American trading partner the most? A. Great Britain B. The United States C. France D. Portugal

A. Great Britain

The phrase, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his works," was coined by: Answers: A. Henri de Saint-Simon B. Karl Marx C. Louis Blanc D. Charles Fourier

A. Henri de Saint-Simon

Portugal used the Berlin conference to expand its coastal footholds in Guinea, Angola and ___________. Answers: A. Mozambique. B. Gabon. C. Malawi. D. Kenya.

A. Mozambique.

Even though Ottoman sappers and siege cannons succeeded in breaching the walls of Vienna in several places in 1683, a __________ relief army allied with the Habsburgs arrived just in time to drive out the besieging forces. Answers: A. Polish B. French C. Hungarian D. Russian

A. Polish

All of the following have been associated with the invention of the automobile EXCEPT: Answers: A. Robert Peel B. Gottlieb Daimler C. Siegfried Marcus D. Karl Benz

A. Robert Peel

The Belgian Congo under King Leopold II employed mass forced labor of the indigenous population to extract _______ from the jungle. Answers: A. Rubber. B. Bananas. C. Bauxite. D. Cacao.

A. Rubber.

The opening gambit of Great Britain's "Great Game" against __________ was the first Anglo-Afghan war in 1838. Answers: A. Russia. B. Persia. C. France. D. The Ottoman Empire.

A. Russia.

By the 1890s, a young British-trained lawyer named Mohandas K. Gandhi was actively campaigning for the rights of Indians in British-controlled ________. Answers: A. South Africa. B. Uganda. C. Trinidad. D. CeylonC.

A. South Africa.

Urban factory workers were distinguished from farmers by: Answers: A. The deplorable working conditions and hazards of the unregulated factories. B. The "male only" atmosphere in the factories that tended to shut women out of factory work. C. Their relative freedom to move about and change jobs as they wished and to organize for collective negotiation. D. The amount of money they earned.

A. The deplorable working conditions and hazards of the unregulated factories.

A ________ sect called the White Lotus sparked a rebellion against the Qing soon after the Qianlong emperor stepped down from his throne in 1795. Answers: A. Confucian B. Buddhist C. Ming D. Manchu

B. Buddhist

Simón Bolívar's "Gran Colombia" encompassed the modern states of A. Belize, Haiti, Colombia, and Venezuela B. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama C. Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela D. None of these

B. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama

Among other measures, the system proposed by Sergei Witte: Answers: A. Lowered taxes on the peasantry, to stimulate agricultural production. B. Converted to the gold standard in order to stabilize the currency. C. Was rejected by Nicholas II and resulted in his imprisonment in 1892. D. Limited heavy industrial output.

B. Converted to the gold standard in order to stabilize the currency.

The British "Raj" was inaugurated when control by the East India Company was replaced by _________. Answers: A. The West Indies Company. B. Direct rule. C. A local government in Rajput. D. The Duke of York.

B. Direct rule.

The Tonghak, or "_________", movement kept the Korean peninsula a volatile one in the 19th century, inspiring peasant rebellions in 1810 and 1860. Answers: A. Expel the Japanese B. Eastern learning C. Power to the People D. Brother of Jesus

B. Eastern learning

Through a treaty, the British imposed the policy of _________, by which their subjects who were accused of violating Chinese laws would be tried and punished by British consuls. Answers: A. Supernationality B. Extraterritoriality C. Nontariff autonomy D. Diplomatic immunity

B. Extraterritoriality

As a result of a British and French raid on Beijing in 1860, a newly created Chinese board, the Zongli Yamen, was to handle Qing ________, and the Chinese were invited to send their own ambassadors abroad. Answers: A. Economic policy B. Foreign relations C. Naval development D. Opium importation

B. Foreign relations

The following list is in correct chronological order: Answers: A. Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams. B. Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity. C. Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity. D. Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity.

B. Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity.

Some British agents of the East India Company took Indian wives, dressed as Indian princes, and wielded power as local magnates, or __________ (from an Urdu word meaning "viceroy"). Answers: A. Sahibs. B. Nabobs. C. Moguls. D. Poobahs.

B. Nabobs.

The emancipation of Russian serfs fell far short of liberating the peasantry for all of the following reasons except: Answers: A. The decree took two years to be fully enacted. B. Newly freed serfs were encouraged to emigrate to the Kingdom of Poland and farms were abandoned. C. Land was turned over to the control of local mirs, which in turn allocated parcels to individual serfs. D. Former serfs had to make annual payments to the state, to pay back long-term government loans.

B. Newly freed serfs were encouraged to emigrate to the Kingdom of Poland and farms were abandoned.

The culmination of the trend to incorporate Western models into the Japanese _____________ was Natsume Soseki's Kokoro (1914). Answers: A. Newspaper B. Novel C. Theater D. Epic poem

B. Novel

The commander of an American fleet, Matthew C. _________, arrived in Japan in July 1853, deliberately attempting to impress the Japanese with Western technological might. Answers: A. Pershing B. Perry C. Pinkerton D. Dewey

B. Perry

The power of opium to suppress pain and hunger made it particularly attractive to the ____________ inhabitants of south China. Answers: A. Wealthy and socially aspiring B. Poor and ordinary C. Non-native and temporary D. Middle-class and medically-trained

B. Poor and ordinary

The two key terms in the popular Chinese self-strengthening formulation Zhongxue wei ti and Xixue wei yong meant "Chinese studies for the essence" and "Western studies for the __________." Answers: A. Future of China B. Practical application C. Dutch science in Japan D. Resistance to foreigners

B. Practical application

The "Fortunate Edict" of 1856 declared that all Ottoman subjects, regardless of _______, had the right to education, employment, and administration of justice. Answers: A. Social class B. Religion C. Ethnicity D. Gender

B. Religion

All of the following is true of Emmeline Pankhurst EXCEPT: Answers: A. She was the most famous of the British political feminists. B. She was imprisoned and transported to Australia for political agitation, where she lived out the remainder of her life. C. She and her supporters resorted to protest and civil disobedience to call attention to their cause. D. She and her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.

B. She was imprisoned and transported to Australia for political agitation, where she lived out the remainder of her life.

The ________ Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan and his Christian-influenced declarations, began in 1851. Answers: A. Arrow B. Taiping C. Tonghak D. Qingdao

B. Taiping

Among the innovative measures proposed by Nikolai Chernyshevsky in his novel What Is to be Done? was: Answers: A. The celebration of "Russianness" in culture and the rejection of Western influences. B. The liberation of women. C. The overthrow of the tsar. D. The implementation of collectivized farms throughout Russia.

B. The liberation of women.

In the five years after the abolition of slavery, the Brazilian economy _____________. A. collapsed B. expanded C. completely changed direction D. slowed substantially

B. expanded

Italy's imperialist dreams in Africa were stymied by its crushing defeat at the battle of Adowa in ________, in which one-third of its army was killed by Ethiopian forces. Answers: A. 1911. B. 1870. C. 1896. D. 1935.

C. 1896.

Junior military officers launched a coup in 1908 and forced the sultan to: Answers: A. Reform the tax system by abolishing the land registry. B. Abdicate in favor of his son. C. Accept a new parliament. D. Convert to Shiite Islam.

C. Accept a new parliament.

The ____________ was the site of the showdown between Mexican forces and Texans intent on independence. Answers: A. Rio Grande B. Veracruz C. Alamo D. Mexican War

C. Alamo

Samuel Adjai Crowther ultimately became: Answers: A. The crowned king of Yorubaland (in modern Nigeria). B. The first president of Liberia. C. An Anglican bishop. D. An armed resistor to French colonial rule in the Ivory Coast.

C. An Anglican bishop.

The most prominent of the ___________, which emerged in the 1860s, was Shenbao. Answers: A. Scientific journals B. Protestant missionary tracts C. Chinese-language newspapers D. Chinese-language novels

C. Chinese-language newspapers

Some Europeans claimed that, according to the dictates of their "_______ mission", they had a duty to extend the benefits of European civilization to "backward" peoples. Answers: A. White man's. B. Progressive. C. Civilizing. D. Burdensome.

C. Civilizing.

With the ascension of the infant Guangxu as emperor in 1874 came the regency of Empress Dowager _________. Answers: A. Mao B. Mu C. Cixi D. Wu

C. Cixi

The British Raj's showpiece capital of New Delhi was built under the aegis of the British resident Lord _______. Answers: A. Balfour. B. Londonderry. C. Curzon. D. Halifax.

C. Curzon.

All of the following is true of Karl Marx EXCEPT: Answers: A. He was the son of a prosperous attorney. B. He was strongly influenced by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. C. He believed that the working class, or proletariat, would gradually attain power and slowly replace the upper classes through more of an economic evolution than revolution. D. He was exiled from Germany and France

C. He believed that the working class, or proletariat, would gradually attain power and slowly replace the upper classes through more of an economic evolution than revolution.

The following list is in the correct chronological order: Answers: A. The Suez Canal is opened; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message; James Watt perfects the steam engine. B. The Suez Canal is opened; James Watt perfects the steam engine; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb. C. James Watt perfects the steam engine; The Suez Canal is opened; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message. D. Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; The Suez Canal is opened; James Watt perfects the steam engine; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message.

C. James Watt perfects the steam engine; The Suez Canal is opened; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message.

Continuing the repressive policies of his father, Nicholas launched a pogrom of Russian _________ in 1903-1906, triggering mass emigrations to the United States. Answers: A. Anarchists B. Ukrainians C. Jews D. Intellectuals

C. Jews

In 1899, _________, the US secretary of state, circulated a note suggesting that all powers remain committed to an "open door" to trade in China. Answers: A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Elihu Root C. John Hay D. Henry Adams

C. John Hay

The Treaty of ______ between the Chinese and the British in 1842 marked the first of the century's "unequal treaties" that would be imposed throughout east Asia by European powers. Answers: A. Guangzhou B. Shanghai C. Nanjing D. Tianjin

C. Nanjing

Living on the edge of poverty in many areas, with old trade routes and handicrafts disrupted by the treaty ports, many _______ saw in the Taipings, the Nian, and other local rebellions a desperate way to change their situations. Answers: A. Members of the Hakka minority B. Cohong members C. Peasants D. Opium dealers

C. Peasants

The proclamation of a Brazilian republic resulted in which two political constituencies? Answers: A. Provincial federalism vs. militaristic nationalism B. Monarchical supporters vs. provincial federalism C. Provincial federalism vs. supporters of a strong central presidency D. None of these

C. Provincial federalism vs. supporters of a strong central presidency

_____________ ended slavery in Brazil in 1888. Answers: A. British warships B. The creation of an anti-slavery republic C. The central government D. A shift from sugar to coffee production

C. The central government

As industrialization progressed, weapons improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT: Answers: A. Field artillery could be anchored, aimed, and fired continuously. B. Precision machining of breech-locks and metallic cartridges made loading and firing easier and faster. C. The increase of black smoke emitted from automated weapons made it possible to "fog" enemies, making it difficult for them to return fire. D. The recoil cylinder cushioned the force of guns' recoil.

C. The increase of black smoke emitted from automated weapons made it possible to "fog" enemies, making it difficult for them to return fire.

Foremost among the aims identified by Vladimir Lenin in his treatise What Is to Be Done? was: Answers: A. The elimination of the Mensheviks in the Duma. B. The implementation of collectivized farms throughout Russia. C. The overthrow of the tsar. D. The incorporation of the wishes of the Russian masses, whom Lenin trusted implicitly.

C. The overthrow of the tsar.

All of the following men contributed significantly to the development of mechanical power EXCEPT: Answers: A. Thomas Newcomen B. Denis Papin C. Thomas Edison D. Thomas Savery

C. Thomas Edison

Dynamite was invented by: Answers: A. Nikola Tesla, a structural engineer. B. Charles Goodyear, in 1869. C. An American named Charles Michael Faraday. D. A Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

D. A Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

The ambitious plans of Chile's president José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández fell apart as soon as 1891, due to: Answers: A. An abrupt military intervention spearheaded by the British navy. B. The absence in the country of critical minerals like nitrate. C. The faltering pace of industrialization in the late 19th century, particularly in Germany and the United States. D. A coup against him, led by conservative landowners, and his subsequent suicide.

D. A coup against him, led by conservative landowners, and his subsequent suicide.

All of the following were conducive to industrialization in Britain EXCEPT: Answers: A. Reserves of coal for power B. A thriving merchant class C. A well-developed banking system D. A low rate of unemployment.

D. A low rate of unemployment

All of the following statements about the changes in social organization due to industrialization, EXCEPT Answers: A. A new lower class - the working class - developed. B. Most members of the landed elites continued to maintain privilege, but began losing ground to the rising middle class. C. The middle class developed differentiated levels, with industrialists, lawyers, bankers and other at similar levels at the top, and tradesmen and handcrafters below. D. As the middle class grew, there were fewer in the lower class.

D. As the middle class grew, there were fewer in the lower class.

By 1800, the viceroyalty of La Plata, with the rising port of _________, had grown through contraband trade with Great Britain. A. Valparaiso B. Rio de Janeiro C. Caracas D. Buenos Aires

D. Buenos Aires

In 1900, Australia finally adopted a federal constitution and became the second fully autonomous British "dominion", after __________. Answers: A. Ireland. B. New Zealand. C. South Africa. D. Canada.

D. Canada.

Some 235,000 _________ "coolies" were brought to Peru, Cuba, and Costa Rica, working in silver mines, sugar and cotton plantations, and later on railroads—and only about 10% of them returned home. A. Vietnamese B. Indian C. Kenyan D. Chinese

D. Chinese

The Mitsubishi Company expanded from ________ to manufacturing, profiting from the encouragement by the Japanese government of zaibatsu, or cartels. Answers: A. Sake brewing operations B. Crafting of samurai armor C. Rice production D. Coastal shipping

D. Coastal shipping

Sultan Abdülhamit used the Russian-Ottoman War of 1877-1878 as an excuse to: Answers: A. Hold elections for a Parliament, in order to share the blame for his defeat. B. Impose a new jizya tax on religious minorities. C. Abandon the policy of conscripting an army, since it had proven ineffective. D. Dismiss the Ottoman Parliament and rule by decree.

D. Dismiss the Ottoman Parliament and rule by decree.

The principal spokesman for _________ nationalists in the second half of the nineteenth century was José Rizal, whose novels responded to the Spanish justification of colonialism. Answers: A. Cuban. B. Hawaiian. C. Moroccan. D. Filipino.

D. Filipino.

In East Africa, ________ used forced labor for the growing of cotton, provoking the fierce but in the end brutally suppressed Maji Maji Rebellion of 1905-1907. Answers: A. Italy. B. Portugal. C. Great Britain. D. Germany.

D. Germany.

______ became independent of Ottoman rule in a war of liberation (1821-1832), and it was the first country in which ethnic nationalism was an element in its foundation. Answers: A. Cyprus B. Albania C. Egypt D. Greece

D. Greece

Napoleon's invasion of Ottoman Egypt in 1798 and Russia in 1812 drove home to their rulers that: Answers: A. His mobile artillery units drilled in flexible formations were no match for their mercenary armies. B. If united in sufficient numbers, even under-equipped soldiers could destroy a mobile army. C. They would have to ally in a common cause against Western European aggression. D. His armies of mass conscripts, equipped with flintlock muskets, were superior to theirs.

D. His armies of mass conscripts, equipped with flintlock muskets, were superior to theirs.

From about 1700 to 1914, industrialized nations experienced significant population growth for all of the reasons below EXCEPT: Answers: A. Scientific advances in medicine resulted in a lower mortality rate from disease or infection. B. There were more jobs available, so more people had resources. C. Agricultural improvements led to a greater supply of food. D. Life in cities was safer than in the countryside because of the lower rate of accidental deaths and the presence of policemen and fire departments.

D. Life in cities was safer than in the countryside because of the lower rate of accidental deaths and the presence of policemen and fire departments.

_______________ was a European-backed emperor of Mexico from 1864-1867. Answers: A. Louis-Napoleon III Bonaparte B. Benito Juárez C. Porfirio Díaz D. Maximilian

D. Maximilian

The _________ Constitution was promulgated in 1889 and remained in force in Japan until it was supplanted by a constitution composed by Allied occupation forces after World War II. Answers: A. Daimyo B. Sukiyaki C. Seiyukai D. Meiji

D. Meiji

The Dutch conquered the Indonesian archipelago, finally subduing the most stubborn opponents, the ________ guerillas of Aceh, in 1903. Answers: A. Chinese. B. Portuguese. C. Buddhist. D. Muslim.

D. Muslim.

Ottoman troops were able to repress nationalist agitators in Macedonia in the 1890s because: Answers: A. Germany forcefully intervened on the side of the Ottomans and called a halt to the movement. B. The Janissaries, many of whom were Macedonian, persuaded their compatriots to put down their weapons. C. Bulgarian and Greek revolutionaries disagreed over where the post-Ottoman borders should be drawn. D. None of the groups received outside support in their effort.

D. None of the groups received outside support in their effort.

The first man to import industrialism into the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century was: Answers: A. James Dewey B. Thomas Jefferson C. Thomas Edison D. Samuel Slater

D. Samuel Slater

Among the Enlightenment-inspired reforms of Alexander I was: Answers: A. A recognition of the rights of Jewish minority groups. B. The rejection of an alliance with Austria and Prussia. C. The introduction of a British-style parliament which made him a constitutional monarch. D. The liberation of serfs in Russia's Baltic provinces.

D. The liberation of serfs in Russia's Baltic provinces.

Between 1870 and 1914, German production of steel accomplished all of the following EXCEPT: Answers: A. Went from almost nothing to equal British production by the year 1893. B. Utilized more up-to-date production methods rather than the expensive trial and error exercises in Great Britain. C. Had doubled that of Great Britain by 1914. D. Were able to develop heavier, more expensive steel than that produced by Great Britain.

D. Were able to develop heavier, more expensive steel than that produced by Great Britain.

The tenements around factories in industrial cities were called "dark Satanic Mills" by: Answers: A. Friedrich Engels B. Karl Marx C. Robert Walpole D. William Blake

D. William Blake

All of the following contributed to the development of wireless communication EXCEPT: Answers: A. James Clerk Maxwell B. Guglielmo Marconi C. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz D. William Lamb

D. William Lamb

C. to maintain the traditional policy of keeping Paraguay and Uruguay weak

Despite many diverging interests, Argentina and Brazil were allies in the Paraguayan War of 1864-1870 A. to maintain good relations with Britain, an important trading partner for both B. to end the career of Francisco Solano López, whom they considered dangerous C. to maintain the traditional policy of keeping Paraguay and Uruguay weak D. to preserve the institution of slavery

The Great Mutiny (also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or as the First War of Indian Independence) began in _________. Answers: A. 1857. B. 1763. C. 1901. D. 1835.

A. 1857.

When did slavery end in Brazil? Answers: A. 1888 B. 1853 C. 1804 D. 1865

A. 1888

______________ virtually ended the importation of slaves to Brazil. Answers: A. British warships B. The creation of an anti-slavery republic C. The central government D. A shift from sugar to coffee production

A. British warships

The Monroe Doctrine stated that... A. the United States government would not tolerate European attempts to re-colonize the new republics of the western hemisphere. B. it was an article of faith that the U.S. should be the dominant power on the continent and should accordingly control it from the Atlantic to the Pacific. C. the slave trade should be abolished in newly gained territories D. none of these

A. the United States government would not tolerate European attempts to re-colonize the new republics of the western hemisphere.

Under the leadership of _______________, the Mexican Revolution was ended late in 1920. Answers: A. Álvaro Obregón B. Emiliano Zapata C. Pancho Villa D. José Manuel Balmaceda

A. Álvaro Obregón

Spanish colonialism in Latin America finally ended in which of the following decades? A. 1810s B. 1820s C. 1850s D. 1910s

B. 1820s

In April ________ the new Emperor Meiji issued a "charter oath" in which he renounced, at least officially, the restrictive measures of the past. Answers: A. 1905 B. 1868 C. 1854 D. 1885

B. 1868

Even before the Meiji Restoration, Japan had one of the highest levels of preindustrial literacy in the world, _______ percent for males and 15 percent for females. Answers: A. 10 B. 40 C. 20 D. 60

B. 40

The navigator James Cook, during one of his many exploratory journeys in the Pacific, landed in 1770 on the east coast of ______ and claimed it for Great Britain. Answers: A. New Guinea. B. Australia. C. Cook Island. D. New Zealand.

B. Australia.

Modern industrialization had its start in the following nation: Answers: A. The United States B. Great Britain C. Russia D. Germany

B. Great Britain

Theoretically, the Land Code of 1858 subjected all users of the "sultan's land" to taxation, but: Answers: A. Islamic scholars ruled that this was contradictory to their understanding of Sharia. B. The central administration had no money to appoint tax collectors. C. The sultan could not prove his legal title to many parcels of land, so the system was abandoned. D. The "notables" refused to collect the taxes, since they feared an uprising among Slavs.

B. The central administration had no money to appoint tax collectors.

Mauveine was: Answers: A. A ship powered by both sails and steam. B. The first synthetic dye. C. An artificial silk. D. The first synthetic fertilizer.

B. The first synthetic dye.

All of the following technological innovations were important to mechanization EXCEPT: Answers: A. The water frame B. The static shuttle C. The spinning jenny D. The spinning mule

B. The static shuttle

When they established power, the Qajars: Answers: A. Drastically restricted the rights and powers of the Shiite clerical hierarchy. B. Pursued an aggressive agenda of conversion to Shiite Islam, like the Safavids. C. Were not powerful enough to interfere with the clerical hierarchy's privileges. D. Confiscated the clerics' revenues from landholdings in the vicinity of their mosques and schools.

C. Were not powerful enough to interfere with the clerical hierarchy's privileges.

In the mid-1700s, agents responsible for the collection of taxes, like the "notables" in the Balkans and the "valley lords" in western Anatolia: Answers: A. Cooperated with local religious minorities and encouraged foreign trade. B. Succeeded in preventing a war with Russia, since they realized their troop strength was inadequate. C. Withheld increasing amounts from the treasury in Istanbul. D. Re-established centralized Ottoman power in the sultan's domains.

C. Withheld increasing amounts from the treasury in Istanbul.

Generally speaking, the 19th century Latin American economy revolved around _______. A. manufacturing B. imports C. exports D. services

C. exports

In _____, after widespread revolts against tax increases to cover a lavish European trip by the shah of Persia, a constitutional revolution put parliamentary limits on the Qajar regime. Answers: A. 1979 B. 1914 C. 1844 D. 1906

D. 1906

An anti-Qing and anti-foreign group calling itself the Society of the _________ Fists was referred to as "Boxers" by the foreign community in China Answers: A. Subaltern B. Eastern C. Victorious D. Harmonious

D. Harmonious

All of the following is true of Robert Owen, a factory owner in the north of England, EXCEPT: Answers: A. He called for a national strike of all trade unions. B. He led a movement to establish a trade union. C. He demonstrated that better living conditions for workers resulted in higher profits. D. He formed an ideal, Utopian community in the United States and lived out his life peacefully in New Hampshire.

D. He formed an ideal, Utopian community in the United States and lived out his life peacefully in New Hampshire.

___________ is the right to name bishops. Answers: A. Quilombos B. Patronato C. mit'a D. kuli

B. Patronato