World History Chapter 1-8

Is it possible that imperial propaganda machines in the Aztec and Inca Empires, similar to those of the ________ and Mongols in Eurasia, attempted to intimidate their enemies through tales of brutal treatment

Assyrians

A Native American reported an appearance of Our Lady of ___________ in 1531, in a place where the native goddess Tonantzin used to be venerated

Guadalupe

______________ was the first institution of higher learning in North America, devoted to teaching the "correct" balanced Calvinist Protestantism

Harvard College

Despite the appearance of his beaming benevolence at Versailles, the "absolutist" rule of _________ was a complex mixture of centralized and decentralized forces

Louis XIV

In the 15th century, more than _______ of the people in the Mexican Basic lived in cities like Tenochtitlan

Half

Around 900, migrants speaking what language arrived in the vicinity of the collapsed Teotihuacan?

Nahuatl

Juana Ines de la Cruz secretly studied Latin, Greek, and ________ in her maternal grandfather's library

Nahuatl

The resourceful Queen __________ of Ndongo sometimes negotiated with the Portuguese and fought guerilla campaigns against them at others

Nzinga

The memoir of the former slave and abolitionist ______________ would help push the movement of liberating slaves forward in the nineteenth century

Olaudah Equiano

In the course of his 14th-century journeys, Ibn Battuta passed through western Anatolia and Constantinople and was impressed by the rising power of the _________

Ottomans

"Auto-da-fe" means "act of faith in the ________ language

Portuguese

An example of a Creole language that has survived for centuries is Gullah, used by the isolated communities along the coastal islands of Georgia and ___________

South Carolina

In Pueblo cultures, in today's __________ were based on sophisticated irrigated farming systems and are known for their distinctive painted pottery styles

Southwestern United States

Mercantilist econoic theory dictates that...

States should keep their economies blocked off from competitors and import as little and export as much as possible

When the city of ______________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezume II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V

Tenochtitlan

The majority of the Jewish population in Granada was forced to emigrate by ________

1492

By the second half of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was a vast multiethnic and multireligious state of some _________ inhabitants

15 million

Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in ________ with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop

1517

Of the approximately 144,000 estimated Native Americans in New England in 1600, fewer than 15,000 remained by _________

1620

A four-way struggle broke out among the sons of Shah Hahan upon his death in __________

1657

In many places, the _________-mile Incan road network still exists today

25,000

By some estimates, there were more ___________ slave uprisings involving 10 or more slaves during the four centuries of Atlantic slavery

250

An estimated _____________ Spaniards emigrated from Europe to the Americas between 1500 and 1800

300,000

Tenochtitlain was...

A city established one of the islands in the Valley of Mexico

The Jewish community of __________ excommunicated Baruch Spinoza for heresy, since he seemed to make God immanent in the world

Amsterdam

Potable water was made available in Tenochtitlan by means of ...

An aquaduct that arrived on one of the western causeways

In "chattel" slaver, the slave is, in legal terms...

An item of moveable personal property

A mathematician and assistant of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli experimented with mercury-filled tubes to lay the groundwork for the first _________

Barometer

On St. _________'s day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Hugenots

Bartholomew

The ruler Ewuare was the first to rise to dominance over chiefs (azuma) and assume the title of king (obo) over ____________

Benin

From the middle of the seventeenth century, the pueblos de indios were fully functional, self-administering units, with councils (_______), churches, schools, communal lands, and family parcels

Cabildos

Acquiring wealth with the help of money and thereby perhaps gaining a glimpse of one's fate became one of the hallmarks of _________

Calvinism

___________ inherited Habsburg territories though out Europe and the Inca and Aztec Empires in the Americans when he became Emperor in 1516

Charles V

Aztec farmers constructed soil islands in Lake Texcoco called ________ where they grew corn, beans, squash, and other vegetables?

Chinampas

In hispreface, Cervantes claimed he had written Don Quixote of La Mancha to "ridicule the absurdity" of notions of ________

Chivalry

The Ottomans benefited from the trade of a new commodity, _________, which was produced in Ethiopia and Yemen

Coffee

The Karagoz was a...

Commander of the Janissaries

The southern Peruvian city-state of _________, with its Inca elite, emerged in the early fifteenth century at the head of a highly militaristic, conquering polity

Cuzco

As part of the African ________, Africans moved to nearly all parts of the Americas primarily as a result of the transatlantic slave trade

Diaspora

The Columbian Exchange characterizes the transfer of plants, animals, and ___________ between the Americas and the rest of the world

Diseases

Spain refused to recognize the "United Provinces of the ___________ Republic" until 1648

Dutch

The Spanish quest for the mythical __________ or "golden city" was fruitless

El Dorado

By means of land-labor grants called ________________, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources in the New World

Encomiendas

To support the mining centers and administrative cities, the Spanish colonial government ____________ the development of agricultural estates (haciendas)

Encouraged

The "conquistadors" Francisco Pizarro, Hernan Cortes, and Alonso Ortiz all originated in the Spanish region of ____________

Estremadura

Around 1750, there were about 10,000 Boers (Dutch for "___________") in the Cape Colony, easily outnumbered by slaves

Farmers

In Tiwanaku society, llamas were used as transportation animals and as a what?

Food source

After selection for the service, an Incan female would generally spend how many years within the 'Houses of Chosen Women?'

Four

The most successful _______ settlement in North America was in the subtropical district at the mouth of the Mississippi River in what is now Louisiana, where some 300 settlers and 4000 African slaves founded sugar plantations

French

Despite his appearance in the city in 1536, it was well into the 1550s before John Calvin's form of Protestantism prevailed in ____________

Geneva

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of _________ texts

Greek and Roman

By the early seventeenth century, a powerful elite of Spanish who _____________, called Creoles, was in place to assist the Spanish administrators

Had been born in the Americas

An expedition sent out the Portuguese king ________ the Navigator captured the city of Ceuta on the North African coast in 1415

Henry

Leading a motley force of about 530 Spanish men, _____________ defeated a much larger indigenous force at Tabasco in 1518

Hernan Cortes

A member of the ________ family of rulers, Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia enlarged his army and pursued an aggressive foreign policy

Hohenzollern

The unequal relations between Tutsi cattle breeders and ____________ farmers froze into a caste system during the nineteenth-century colonial occupation

Hutu

As a proponent of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo seemed to contradict the passage in the Hebrew Bible's Book of _______, in which God stops the sun in the sky for a day

Joshua

Copernicus began his studies at the University of ____________, the only eastern European school to offer courses in astronomy

Krakow

The main goal of Gustavus II Adolphus's intervention in the Thirty Years' War was the creation of a Swedish-_______________ centralized state around the Baltic Sea

Lutheran

The El Escorial palace complex was built by Juan Bautista de Toledo in ________

Madrid

Issac Newton's ___________ Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences

Mathematical

Toward the first half of the fifteenth century, the Ottoman sultans equipped their Janissaries with cannons and __________

Muskets

The Aztecs created an imperial polity from the Pacific to the Gulf, from Tarasco 200 miles to the northwest, to ________, over 500 miles to the south

Oaxaca

The chacmool, or ___________, can be found in several Mesoamerican sites, as far north as Tenochtitlan and Tula

Offering table

What are three ways the Incas used the quipu?

Officials passed them upward from level to level in the imperial administration; they seem to have been used for keeping records; they were used in the Andes long before the Incan empire appeared

Privateers were individual entrepreneurs who were virtually indistinguishable from...

Pirates

Toward the middle of the fifteenth century, Aztec rulers set up a military school system for the sons of the elite plus those commoners who were to become __________

Priests

What was a fermented drink made from the pulp of the maguey plant

Pulque

The term "casta" originated in the desire of the Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of _______________

Racial mixture

In the 1540s the Spanish government introduced ___________ called repartimientos, which was a continuation of the mit'a system devised by the Inca for taxation

Rotating labor assignments

The Danish mariner Perter von Sivers rose to the position of admiral in the __________ fleet

Russian

After staying three months on the first Bahaman island he found, Christopher Columbus returned to Iberia with ________ and a small quantity of gold

Seven captured Caribbean islanders

The Shehzade and Suleymaniye mosques in Istanbul and the Selimiye mosque in Edirne were designed by _________

Sinan

_____________ was the only North American colony, and later state, in which African Americans outnumbered those of European descent

South Carolina

Beginning in the 1990s and on the basis of study of terra preta, scholars proposed that indigenous peoples in the Amazonian rainforests used what techniques?

They used slash and char techniques, reducing trees to nutrient-rich charcoal

Under Suleyman "the Magnificent" most of the Janissaries were stationed in barracks in and near the _________

Topkapi Palace

The Atlantic system or the "__________" trade connected the American colonies with Africa and Europe

Triangular

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read _____________, and exchange ideas

daily newspapers

"Renaissance" thinkers and artists considered their period a time of "rebirth" (the literal meaning of the word in the __________ language)

French

Because _______ universities and scientific academies refused to admit women, in contrast to their counterparts in other countries, the salon became a bastion of well-placed and respected female scholars

French

After the defeat of the Songhat, much of the trans-Saharan gold trade was siphoned off by the Portuguese on what became known as the Gold Coast (modern __________)

Ghana

Brazil produced a total of 1000 tons of _________ in the eighteenth century, a welcome bonanza for Portugal at a time of low agricultural prices

Gold

Although they were under frequent attack by Songhay and Kanem-Bornu during the period 1500-1800, the ____________ kingdoms enjoyed periods of independence during which many of the ruling clans converted to Islam

Hausa

Barbados was settled initally in 1627 by English planters, who grew tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger, employing English and Irish ___________

Indentured laborers

In 1498, the king of Portugal sent Vasco da Gama on a voyage to ________

India

After being kidnapped by Christian pirates, Al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan was baptized under the name of Pope ________

Leo X

Fought in the Eastern Mediterranean in 1571, the Christians won the Battle of ________ thanks to their superior naval tactics

Lepanto

Having laid waste to Cuzco, Pizarro founded a new Andean capital at ___________ in 1535

Lima

The portolan (nautical chart) drawn by Pedro Reinel is the earliest known map to include __________

Lines of Latitude

By the late 13th and 14th centuries, native shipwrights and their teachers from Genoa teamed up in the port of ________ to develop new ships suited to the stormy Atlantic

Lisbon

In 1649, a group of 70 mostly landless farmers and day laborers occupied "common" land about 25 miles south of __________ and set up a communal farm there

London

Between 1434 and 1472, through a combination of private and public expeditions, ___________ mariners explored the African coast as far east as the Bight of Benin

Portuguese

Stationary theaters with stages, main floors, balconies, and boxes appeared in the main cities of Spain during the _______ century

Sixteenth

The final provinces added to the Inca empire, in the __________ century, were in northern Ecuador as well as on the eastern slopes of the Andes

Sixteenth

Portuguese colonial cities and Jesuits repeatedly clashed over the ___________ of the "pioneers" (bandeirantes) into the Brazilian interior

Slave raids

Growing to a city of 30,000 inhabitants by the seventh century, Wari enlarged its agricultural base through the expansion of what?

Terrace farming

Mehmet II besieged and conquered Constantinople within ________ in 1453

Two months

In the seventeenth century, the process of manumission was...

sometimes followed by the freedman's acquisition of his own slaves

With _____________ inhabitants in the sixteenth century, the capital of Kongo, M'banza, was comparable in size to many European cities at a time

60,000

The most prominent of the small Maya states, Chichen Itza in the northern lowlands, flourished from about __________ to _________

850; 1000