World History Chapter 19/20
Purtitans
a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony in Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s.
Colonies
a land controlled by another nation
Mestizo
person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
Triangular Trade
the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas
Middle Passage
the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves—so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade
New Netherlands
Dutch colony in North America
What was the main economic activity of New France? Were the French more interested in occupying territories or making money off the land?
Fur trade, and they were more interested in making money off the land
What country was Christopher Columbus from and which country did he sail for?
He was from Italy but sailed for Spain
What 4 advances in technology made the voyages of discovery possible by European countries in the 1400s?
The caravel Triangular sails The astrolabe Magnetic compass
Pilgrims
A group of people who, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England. They started a colony in Massachusetts called Plymouth
Beginning around 1600, what 2 other European countries began to challenge Portugal's dominance over Indian Ocean trade?
English and Dutch
Vasco de Gama
First European explorer to reach India by rounding the southern tip of Africa
Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Inca Empire? Did he find gold and silver in the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro and yes. The leader filled a room once with gold and twice with silver in exchange for his release. They then strangled him
Which country is Prince Henry from? How did he encourage early sea exploration? .
He was from Portugal. He founded a navigation school on southwestern coast of Portugal. Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, and sea captains gathered there to perfect their trade
What was the name of the first English settlement in North America? What year was it established? Where was it located?
Jamestown on the coast of Virginia was founded in 1607
Do you think the Native Americans could have successfully defended their civilizations for any significant period of time if they had been more suspicious of the first Spanish to have arrived? Explain your answer.
No. The Spanish had more advanced weapons and experienced soldiers. They also had more battle plans than the Native Americans.
In what ways did the Atlantic Slave Trade have an impact on Africa? Name two.
Numerous lost generations of their fittest members. African families were torn apart.
List the 3 biggest reasons why Cortes was able to defeat the Aztec Empire.
Spanish had superior weapons He got the natives who hated the Aztecs to fight with him Disease
What spurred an age of European exploration in the 1400's
The desire to grow rich The desire to spread Christianity Advances in sailing technology
In what ways did the Atlantic Slave Trade have an impact on the Americas? Name two.
They brought their expertise especially in agriculture. They also brought their art, music, culture, and design.
Treaty of Tordesillas
a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal
French and Indian War
a conflict between Britain and France for control of territory in North America, lasted from 1754 to 1763
Encomienda
a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
Conquistadors
the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century
Atlantic Slave Trade
the buying, selling, and transporting of the Africans for work in the Americas