World History Chapter 7 Test Review

Consul

A Roman leader who served a one year term in government

Patrician

A Roman who owned land and helped a ruler govern

Plebeian

A common person in Rome who was not wealthy

Ally

A friend; a country or person who helps another

Senate

A governing body

Politician

A government leader

Dictator

A leader who has full control of laws and rules with force

Senator

A member of the Senate

Republic

A new type of government with no king in which a few people represent, or speak for, everyone

Laborer

A person who does hard work

Emperor

A person who is a ruler of an Empire

Representative

A person who speaks and governs for others

Tribune

A representative who protected the rights of the Plebeian class

Who was Tiberius Gracchus?

Brother of Gaius. Plebeian Tribune who tried to give public land to the poor. Plebeians liked him, but Patricians feared him. He was killed during a riot.

How did Octavian become Emperor?

Defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in Egypt. Antony and Cleopatra then killed themselves. Octavian becomes Emperor.

Who was Hannibal?

Fought during the 2nd Punic War. Great Carthaginian soldier who fought against Rome. Led his army through the mountains and attacked the Italian peninsula for 15 years. Lost to the Roman General Scipio at the Battle of Zama.

Who was Scipio?

Fought in the 2nd Punic War. Roman General defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama to end the war.

Political

Having to do with government

Who made up the First Triumvirate?

Julius Caesar, Crassus, Pompey

Why were the 12 Tablets important?

Laws would be written down so that the Plebeian Class could know and understand them

What was the important of Romulus and Remus?

Legends states that they founded the City of Rome

Who formed the Second Triumvirate?

Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus-retired

Who was Marcus Lepidus?

Part of the Second Triumvirate. Ruled North Africa, but retired and Octavian and Mark Antony fought for complete power.

Who was Mark Antony

Part of the Second Triumvirate. Ruled the East. Formed an alliance with Cleopatra.

Who were the Etruscans?

People who lived north of the Tiber River. They were advanced and ruled Rome for more than a century.

Who were the Latins?

People who lived on a plain called Latium which was located south of the Tiber River. Rome grew from this settlement.

Who was Marius?

Popular army general who formed and army of poor plebeians who had lost their farm land.

Who was Lucius Sulla?

Powerful general who challenged the power of Marius. Sulla defeated Marius and named himself dictator.

Who was Cleopatra?

Queen of Egypt, married to Mark Antony

Who was Pompey the Great?

Roman General. Part of the First Triumvirate. Feared Julius Caesar and got the Senate to limit Caesar's power. He was defeated by Caesar's army.

What were the results of the Third Punic War?

Rome won but this time burned Carthage to the ground, enslaved many of their people, and legend says poured salt on the land to stop crops from growing for years to come.

What were the results of the First Punic War?

Rome won even though Carthage had a stronger navy. Rome was able to develop a method for getting close to a Carthage ship then hooking it and having soldiers run across a plank and fight in hand to hand combat.

What were the results of the Second Punic War?

Rome won under the leadership of Scipio and defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama.

Triumvirate

Rule by three people

Who was Octavian?

Son of Caesar. Formed the Second Triumvirate. Ruled the West. Defeated Mark Antony and became Emperor of Rome.

What are three ideas that the U.S. Government took from the Rome?

The idea of a Republic form of government, a senate, and the power to veto

Why was Julius Caesar assassinated?

The wealthy Senators and Patricians believed that Caesar was giving to much power to the lower class so they had him killed.

Who was Gaius Gracchus?

Tiberius's brother. Elected for the Plebeians for Tribune. Helped the poor by lowering the price of grain. Helped people become citizens. He was killed.

Retire

To give up one's job

Assassinate

To kill someone important

Reform

To make something better through change

Veto

To say no to a decision

Who was Crassus?

Wealthy politician, part of the First Triumvirate

How did the Roman Republic end?

When the military leaders of Marius and Sulla became permanent dictators. People no longer could vote for their government.