world history sem. 2 final study guide

what were the demands of the protestors in Tiananmen Square in 1989?

individual rights

what event caused japan to end its isolation in 1853?

japan realized that could not beat U.S. modern weapons

what was the slogan Lenin and the Bolsheviks used for the Russian Revolution?

"Peace, land and bread"

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by exporting more than it imported to build supply of gold & silver

what are 2 natural resources that Britain needed so it could create changes in transportation and manufacturing?

coal and iron ore

Zionism

A movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

3 "new technologies" that made "The Great War" so deadly

machine gun, tanks, submarine, poison gas

what document were the Arabs angry with that promised part of the Palestine as a homeland for the Jews if the Jews helped Britain after WW2?

Balfour Declaration

What region was referred to as the "powder keg" of Europe and why?

Balkan Peninsula because it was a major contribution to the start of WW1.

Protectorate

Country with its own government but under the control of an outside power

Who was Hirohito?

Emperor of Japan during WWII

Define appeasement & give an example.

Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace. France allowed hitler to take Rhineland.

Who was Mussolini?

Italian leader

5 causes of WW1

M- militarism A- alliances N- nationalism I- imperialism A- assassination

which leader was responsible for both the Great Leap Forward & the Cultural Revolution?

Mao Zedong

Laissez-faire

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.

Extraterritoriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Why is the holocaust considered a unique event in European history?

The genocide was planned in great detail and required a lot of people to work. many jews died. concentration camps.

list the main cause of the Russian Revolution?

WW1. Russians suffered many defeats. Also, peasants were upset with the government

during the late 1800s and early 1900s, increased tensions were a consequence of what?

competition between nations

for what reason was WW1 NOT over by Christmas of 1914?

a stalemate developed. New weapons & trench warfare

Collectivization

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

what reasons did hitler use to blame the Jewish people for all of Germany's problems?

antisemitism or hostility towards Jews because they held high jobs or were bankers and Germany was in a terrible economic state.

what was the "War Guilt Clause" and how did the Germans react to it?

article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles that blamed Germany for WW1 and said they had to pay all the reparations. Germans hated it.

how did japan change during the Meiji Revolution?

began to rapidly modernize their economy, treaties & govt. (strengthened the nation)

what type of tactics are used by terrorists in their attempt to influence the actions of governments?

bombs, kid napping, threats... etc.

How are the Sepoy Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion similar?

both attempts to remove foreign influence. opposed european imperialism. (in India and China)

what factors did Italy and Germany have in common during their unification?

both had charismatic leaders, military might, and war.

Compare Napoleon and Hitler's campaigns in Russia

both leaders attempted to invade Russia but were faced with the terrible, harsh winters there. They didn't have enough resources to survive, so many of their men died.

what was the goal of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?

controlling sale of oil

what was the main reason India and Pakistan was partitioned (split) in 1947?

different religions. Hindu in India and Muslim in Pakistan.

what are the different types of imperialism?

direct: natives directly controlling the govt. indirect: allows natives to stay in power but they have to answer to the foreign country that governs them

define imperialism. how was imperialism encouraged by the industrial revolution?

domination by one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region. Industrialized nations needed new markets/ resources to their access.

what was Otto Von Bismarck's influence on German Unification?

encouraged use of "blood & iron" to unify Germany. encouraged people to accept warfare.

What supply needed to be increased before large numbers of farmers could move to the city to become factory workers?

food supply

how many years, approximately, has the middle east been unstable? had this been constant or improved over time?

forever & not improved

list the nations that belonged to the Axis Powers and describe their goals.

germany, italy, and Japan. Fought soviet communism

what problems did African nations face after independence?

had to rebuild economies, rebuild infrastructure, and had to get over ethnic differences

totalitarian

having to do with a government in which one person, group, or party controls everything

what are the reasons hitler was able to rise to power in Germany after WW1?

he went against the treaty of versailles

why are the decisions at the Nuremberg Trials important?

held Nazi war criminals accountable for their actions and brought them to justice

how did colonies help the global economy?

helped supply nations with raw materials and resources

what did many people find appealing about the Nazi programs and politics of the early 1930s?

helped the glorification of germany. Improved germany.

what "ism" led to increased independence in Africa after WW2?

nationalism

what policy did the Chinese government implement to control population growth?

one child policy

what technique did Mohandas Gandhi employ to gain India's independence from Britain?

peaceful protest/ civil disobedience

what group of people supported the communist revolution in China after WW2?

peasants

what advantage did Europeans nations have in colonizing non-European regions?

powerful militaries/ government, resources, new technology

define "self-determination". Explain how it led to the rise of new nations in Europe.

right of people to choose their own form of government.

what role does the Palestinian effort to establish homeland in the middle east play in that region?

serves to increase tensions.

name the most significant reason that the League of Nations failed.

the U.S. did not want to join. (there was no credibility bc of this.)

How has the rapid industrialization affected the gap between the rich and poor nations?

the gap continues to grow rapidly.

Nazism

the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party

how were the demonstrations at Tiananmen Square, China; Soweto, South Africa; and Amritsar, India similar?

there were massacres of peaceful protesters

what did socialists of the 19th century believe the role of government should be in the economy?

they believed the govt. should plan the economy. It should be hands on. a controlled or command economy.

Compare Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward.

they both increased industrial & agricultural production to catch those nations up with the rest of the world.

how does a totalitarian leader, such as Saddam Hussein (former dictator of Iraq) or Stalin or Hitler, view the rights of individuals?

they suppress individual rights. they feel that individuals have no rights.

why did japanese turn to imperialism?

to obtain resources. (raw materials and markets)

what were the common goals of the opium war and boxer rebellion?

to rid china of western influence & presence in their country

describe the relationship between WW1 and the Bolshevik Revolution?

western powers tried to stop the revolution. They wanted out if the war which made it no longer a 2 front war.

Absolute Monarchy

where an absolute monarch has complete authority over the government and lives of people he/she governs