World Religions

Many

cultures have, as part of its foundation, a particular religion or belief system.

heart...soul

According to Karl Marx, "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the ______ of a heartless world, and the _____ of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people."

= religious texts = respected historical research presented in acknowledged journal articles, academic treatises, and other published information = historical timelines of religious development =geographic and demographic facts that are related to specific religions

As mentioned in the lesson content, what are some helpful tools for studying religions? (Choose the best four from the ones given below).

media and news friends and peers teachers and education parent(s)/close relatives

Choose four common influencers of a person's worldview. 1. Choose one _______________ 2. Choose one ________________ 3. Choose one __________________ 4. Choose one ______________

= moral rules or duties = consequences

Deontological and teleological ethical systems deal with the rightness or wrongness of a decision or act. Deontological moral systems are characterized primarily by a focus upon adherence to ____________________ . Teleological moral systems are characterized primarily by a focus on the __________________ which any action might have.

Augustine of Hippo

In his work, City of God, who developed a Christian understanding of social ethics? This work shifted the Christian focus on ethics from "well-being" to "well-doing."

Muhammad

Islamic ethics can be traced back to the teachings of .

absolute...universal

The Judeo-Christian Ethic teaches that morality is ________ and ____________.

Ancient Greeks

The term "ethics" originated with the .

Ethics

is the study of what is right and wrong or good and evil.

The branch of ethics that focuses on the scope and meaning of moral language, the foundation or source of morality, and the reasoning behind ethics statements.

what is Meta-ethics?

testing the reasonability of statements and ideas

what is the reason stage of critical thinking?

looking back on the meaning of ideas and statements

what is the reflection stage of critical thinking?

Ponders experience and identifies challenges

what is the reflective dimension of thinking?

recognizing and evaluating opinions and so-called evidence

what is the rehearsing step of critical thinking?

tyranny

Rule by one, if evil or bad, can lead to tyranny .

1. Careful and logical analysis. 2. Less likely options based on wrong assumptions. 3. Initial information that influences how much you will pay for something.

Considering the video on heuristics and biases based on intuition and bad judgment, complete the following statements correctly. Loss aversion is based on prior experience instead of _____________ analysis. . A conjunction fallacy occurs when a person chooses ____________________. The anchoring effect is a heuristic bias that may cause you to make bad choices because you are overly influenced by _______________.

Ask for clarification, Question their own beliefs, Never blindly follow traditions, Learn from others' experience.

List four of those basic actions mentioned in the lesson, Characteristics of a Critical Thinker.

Immanuel Kant

Weltanschauung is a word first coined by , an eighteenth-century philosopher who wrote the Critique of Judgment in 1790. It means "intuition of the world" or "worldview."

= Normative = Comparative = Meta-ethics = Virtue ethics

What are the four classifications of ethics?

= Indecision = passive decision making = active decision making

What are the three primary approaches all of us take when making decisions?

= Greco-Roman philosophy = Christian moral teaching

What are the two bases for ethics for western civilization?

Focuses on how to make moral decisions. This process produces norms or rules which guide decision-making.

What does normative ethics focus on?

Thomas Aquinas

What great Christian thinker wrote Summa Theologica, in which he expanded Christian teaching on social ethics? The fundamental ethic notion was the necessity of law and the public good.

the stoics

What group of Roman philosophers downplayed the importance of human emotions, and instead emphasized human reason as the basis for moral decision-making and the pursuit of wisdom as the highest good?

This worldview denies the existence of a personal God. Their basic belief in god includes the concept that all that exists is a part of god, used in the sense that the Universe and everything in it are sacred. There is a direct correlation and relationship between humans, animals, and everything that exists.

What is Pantheism?

Focuses on the virtues produced in people rather than being based on the morality of particular decisions or actions.

What is Virtue ethics?

Rule by the Many

What is a democracy?

Rule by one

What is a monarchy?

Rule by a few

What is an aristocracy?

Focuses on comparing and describing a culture's ethics.

What is comparative ethics?

This worldview begins with the presupposition that God does not exist (Atheism), and therefore knowledge and existence must be answered in natural terms, instead of supernatural terms and descriptions.

What is naturalism?

Produces relevant ideas for meeting challenges

What is the creative dimesion of thinking?

evaluates the ideas and decides which is best

What is the critical dimension of thinking?

This worldview believes that "God exists." In particular, it is the belief that only one God exists. This God is usually personal and relates to mankind in specific and, in some cases, intimate ways.

What is theism?

1. Philosophy 2. Decision-making 3. Filter or lens

What three ideas sum up what is or what influences a person's worldview? 1. A person's ____________of life. 2. A framework that a person brings to _________________ . 3. A _____________ which a person uses to interpret life and the world around them.

The United States Constitution

Where does this come from? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.

karl Marx

Where does this come from? Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.

Queen Elizabeth II

Where does this come from? There is one thing higher than Royalty: and that is religion, which causes us to leave the world, and seek God.