WORST TEST EVER

Critical thinking skills are becoming less important as technology advances.

True

Most people report that they use images when they think.

True

The intuition of experts is

(A) also called "blink." (B) based on thousands of hours of careful, deliberate thought. (C) very quick, even automatic. (D) often correct, if the area of expertise is governed by regularities. (E) All of the above

The use of internal picture-like representations while thinking is called

(A) imagery.

Which of the following statements is true about critical thinking?

The "information explosion" and increasing technological advancements make critical thinking even more important today.

Which of the following is NOT included in a disposition for critical thinking?

Willingness to plan Flexibility Willingness to change your mind when evidence supports a change in position Consensus-seeking **All of the above are included in a disposition for critical thinking

Contemporary psychologists generally view the construct of intelligence

as made up of many component parts.

The process of combining related pieces of information into larger, meaningful units is called

chunking.

Because memories are stored in associative networks,

closely related topics are located near each other in cognitive space.

The tendency to remember information that confirms what we already believe is called

confirmation bias.

Critical thinking is called _______ because it focuses on obtaining a/an __________ outcome.

directed thinking ...desirable

Memory for events in which we can remember our own participation is called

episodic memory.

All information in memory is equally likely to be recalled.

false

Although psychologists recognize that memory is often biased, there is nothing that can be done to counteract this bias.

false

If you want to ensure good memory, it is best to study all of the material at one time so that it will be recalled as a single unit.

false

Intelligence can best be thought of as a fixed quantity that does not change over the lifetime.

false

Memories that we are unable to retrieve when they are needed (inert memories) are rarely a problem because the information becomes spontaneously available in the presence of any retrieval cue.

false

Most mnemonic techniques require little conscious effort.

false

Research on eyewitness testimony has shown that it is usually highly accurate.

false

research has shown that people can learn in their sleep and can improve their ability to think with the use of appropriate subliminal messages that are placed on audiotapes.

false

Which of the following processes does NOT enhance acquisition of information?

idk

Which of the following statements is NOT true about working memory?

idk

Memory for facts like word meanings and the multiplication tables is called

implicit memory.

Knowledge that you can't recall when it is needed is called

inert knowledge.

Quality of learning judgments are __________, while degree of confidence judgments are

made during learning ...made at retrieval.

Procedural memory is

memory for accomplishing some task such as using a slide rule or operating machinery.

Daydreams and rote memorization are examples of

non-directed thinking.

Which of the following is the best way to improve how you think?

Self-monitoring of your own thought processes

Most people rate dramatic causes of death (earthquake, shark attack) as

A) more likely than they actually are.

Which of the following statements is true about memory and its role in thought?

All intelligent systems (humans, computers, dogs) have the ability to learn and remember (B) Memory abilities play a crucial role in success and survival (C) All thinking skills are inextricably tied to the ability to remember (D) Characteristics of information can affect how well we remember that information. (E) All of the above are true about memory and its role in thought

Which of the following statements is true about the process of acquisition?

It involves putting information into memory (B) It is also called encoding (C) We are selective about the information we acquire (D) Information that is not attended to will not be acquired (E) All of the above are true about the process of acquisition

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the process of acquisition?

It is also called decoding

Which of the following statements is true about working memory?

It is the "place" where knowledge is consciously manipulated or transformed (B) It has limited capacity (5-9 separate pieces of information) (C) It has a limited energy supply (D) It uses chunking to make itself more efficient (E) All of the above are true about working memory

Which of the following statements is true of human memory?

Memory is not a single process, but a series of systems/processes How long you hold something in memory governs what and how you learn and recall Memory is essential to the process of thought Memory does not involve completely accurate, objective storage of information **All of the above are true of human memory

__________ refers to one's personal knowledge of her or his own memory system.

Metamemory

Which of the following is NOT a skill involved in critical thinking?

Relying exclusively on schemata in solving problems and making decisions

Critical thinking is described as

purposeful. reasoned. goal-directed. increasing the probability of a desirable outcome.

System 1 thinking is __________, while System 2 thinking is __________.

rapid ...slow (B) automatic ...deliberate (C) effortless ...effortful (D) intuition ...critical thinking (E) All of the above are true about System 1 and System 2 thinking

The time between acquisition of information and its retrieval is called the

retention interval.

Information that is __________ more easily comes to mind and is more easily recalled.

salient or vivid

The idea that material is most likely to be recalled when you are presented with the same cues available when you learned it is called

the encoding specificity principle.

Change blindness blindness refers to

the idea that people reject the idea that they actually miss major events in their environment

Critical thinking is defined most accurately as

the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome.

Bounded rationality means that

there are limits on people's ability to think rationally.

The spontaneous use of skills that are learned in one context in a different context is called

transfer of training.

A critical thinking attitude includes questioning every statement and using critical thinking skills in every situation.

true

A major difference between good and poor learners is knowledge about one's own memory (metamemory).

true

External memory aids are often the best way to remember.

true

People who have good metacognitive skills pay attention to what they are doing when they are thinking.

true

The use of critical thinking skills does NOT guarantee that you will always have a desirable outcome.

true

There are many different varieties of memory, each with its own rules for enhancing memory.

true

When people encounter information that is different from their stereotypes, they are more likely to alter their memory for the event than they are to change their stereotypes.

true

While _______ memory represents processes that are used when we think about information, ______ memory represents the retention of memories over longer periods of time

working ...long-term