WSC 2018 All Subjects (go big or go home)
"Head, Heart" - Lydia Davis
"Heart weeps. Head tries to help heart. Head tells heart how it is, again: You will lose the ones you love. They will all go. But even the earth will go, someday. Heart feels better, then. But the words of head do not remain long in the ears of heart. Heart is so new to this. I want them back, says heart. Head is all heart has. Help, head. Help heart." We might use logic to comfort ourselves-trying to control our emotions by thinking though the situation (the head talking to the heart). This is a common struggle many people face. The speaker in the poem may have lost a love or lost someone to death. In the poem, the heart and the head become characters and communicate with each other, the head trying to help the broken heart.
reconstituted family
(also known as a blended family) is the sociological term for the joining of two adults via marriage, cohabitation or civil partnership, who have children from previous relationships.
ashram
(especially in South Asia) a hermitage, monastic community, or other place of religious retreat.
Shallow processing
1. Structural processing; encoding only through the physical aspect or visual aspect of the information. 2. Phonemic processing; encoding only through the phonology and audio aspect of the information.
U Thant
A Burmese diplomat and the third Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971, the first non-European to hold the position.
Engram
A biophysical or biochemical change in the brain.
Sensory memory
A brief three seconds of sensory experience, if not, a quick snapshot of their sensory experience.
Proxenos
A citizen of a state appointed by another state to host its ambassadors and to represent and protect its interests there.
bromance and womance
A close relationship between 2 men or 2 women
smart contracts
A computer protocol intended to digitally facilitate or verify or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract.
Repression
A concept made by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic theory, is the exclusion of thoughts, memories, or information from the conscious mind. Somethings like weird urges, bad childhood memories, or unwanted thoughts are pushed in the back of our mind, a.k.a, the unconscious mind. It has been thought that repression gives rise to anxiety.
Deadweight loss
A cost to society created by market inefficiency . Mainly used in economic, deadweight loss can be applied to any deficiency caused by an inefficient allocation of resources. Living payment laws and taxation are all said to create deadweight losses.
negligence
A failure to behave with the level of care that someone of ordinary prudence would have exercised under the same circumstances.
Embargoes
A government order that restricts commerce or exchange with a specific country or the exchange of specific goods.
Link rot
A hyperlink that leads nowhere except for the 404 error page, meaning the site doesn't exist.
Estoppel
A legal rule of evidence which prevents a party from making allegations or denial that contradicts what it has previously stated, or what has been legally established as the truth. It also supports a claim for damages of the party that had a good-faith reliance on a misleading representation of another party.
Bazaar
A market (in the Middle East) consisting of rows of shops or stall selling miscellaneous goods.
Monopoly
A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. In a monopoly market, the seller faces no competition, as he is the sole seller of goods with no close substitute.
Souk
A market, or part of a market, in an Arab city.
Procedural memory
A memory in which we remember procedures, routines, sequences, or steps. Something like tying your shoe, how to fight, is all procedural.
Long-term memory
A memory that can last from a few days to decades.
Genetic memory
A memory that is present at birth when a infant of any species has no sensory experience or any form of memory. These type of memories develop through generations which changes brain structures, in this case, mice, over time, learned to fear a specific smell, which is developed through evolution.
Optogenetics; Stephanie Trouche and David Dupret
A new type of discovery in which the neurons are altered to convert photons into electricity to be transmitted in the brain. They imbed these things only to specific neurons in order to control memory recall or information transmission, things such as suddenly recalling a memory due to light, or entirely stopping an addiction is something possible. Stephanie Trouche and David Dupret are responsible for this discovery. From MIT
Vinyl
A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.
Condition
A premise upon which the fulfillment of an agreement depends.
Semantic encoding
A process in which we record memories through context or given meaning. Later translated into the long-term memory.
Tactile encoding
A process in which we record memories through our sense of touch. Later translated into the long-term memory.
Acoustic encoding
A process in which we record memories through sound either by instrument or oral.
Visual encoding
A process in which we record memories through visual cues such as pictures or films. Later translated into the long-term memory.
collateral
A property or other asset that a borrower offers as a way for a lender to secure the loan. If the borrower stops making the promised loan payments, the lender can seize the collateral to recoup its losses.
imaginary friend
A psychological and social phenomenon where a friendship or other interpersonal relationship takes place in the imagination rather than external physical reality.
Short-term memory
A recalling of information which only last for a few days or 30 seconds.
Memory conformity
A refers to a situation in which memories are altered due to social influences. This could be seen when individuals discuss about the event that just happened, which in the end alters their memory (Normative and Informational influences). Memory distortion is just learning misinformation.
Nostalgia
A sentimentality for the past, whether positive or negative. In greek it means homecoming pain.
Dendrites
A short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
Working memory
A sort of ram stick for our brains to clear up space to think of ideas, combining short-term memory and long-term memory.
Tariffs
A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
Schema Theory
A theory in which a thing helps us organize knowledge, to assist recall, to guide behavior, to predict events, and to make sense of current experience. This theory was firstly introduced in 1932 through the work of British psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett (some suggest it was first introduced in 1926 by Jean Piaget) and was further developed mostly in 1970s by American educational psychologist Richard Anderson.
Working memory model
A theory in which short term memory is separated into four main components; central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, and the phonological loop. The central executive . This type of model argues for the existence of working memory in which these four components communicate to the central executive in order to retain information or to create ideas by combining both past and new information. First proposed by Baddeley & Hitch.
Positivity effect
A theory that old people would remember their memories in a positive note, on the other hand younger generations might remember memories in a negative tone.
Sanctions
A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. Commercial and financial penalties are applied by one or more countries to a targeted country, group or individual. This may include various forms of trade barriers, tariffs and financial transactions.
oral contract
A type of business agreement that is spoke, not memorized in writing. Although it can be difficult to prove terms of an oral contract in the event of a breach, this type of contract is legally binding.
Recall bias
A type of information bias when a subject recalls a memory incompletely either because they are not able to, or they don't want to reveal the full extend of their recollection.
1989
APEC
1967
ASEAN
Cueva de las Manos; Hunter-Gatherers
About the Art: It takes its name (Cave of the Hands) from the stencilled outlines of human hands in the cave, but there are also many depictions of animals, such as guanacos (Lama guanicoe ), still commonly found in the region, as well as hunting scenes that depict animals and human figures interacting in a dynamic and naturalistic manner. The entrance to the Cueva is screened by a rock wall covered by many hand stencils. Within the rock shelter itself there are five concentrations of rock art, later figures and motifs often superimposed upon those from earlier periods. The paintings were executed with natural mineral pigments - iron oxides (red and purple), kaolin (white), and natrojarosite (yellow), manganese oxide (black) - ground and mixed with some form of binder.
Connected; xkcd (Randall Munroe)
About the Art: The art has two stick figures, one a male and one female. The girl said "Seriously? I like that song too!", to which the female continued by saying "I bet no two people in the history of the world have ever been so connected!". In which the comic states "I'm not sure why we romanticize 'Young Love'". The comic was obviously ironic as it talks about how young love is stupid and sometimes the two people have almost nothing in common.
Emoji Nation Part 3; Nastya Pitchek
About the Art: The art itself is about movie titles being implemented on famous artworks, such as the Japanese painting of a tsunami is then titled after "2012" the movie.
Listening Post; Mark Hansen and Ben Rubin
About the Art: The art was made as a programme that displays the theme of random chat rooms or other communication rooms on 231 small cash register screens. After 9/11, the screens shows words such as "I am Muslim and I am not afraid. The chat also shows human needs to contact each other, if not the art shows random surveillance of people's privacy.
Love Locks Bridge; Residents of Cologne
About the Art: Thousands of tourists and residents in Cologne affix "love padlocks" on the Hohenzollernbrücke Bridge to symbolize their affections. The couple would usually put a lock on the bridge with a note about their love. The art is meant to symbolise anonymous connections between each other.
Things from space; Mark Bryan
About the Art: http://www.artofmarkbryan.com/things-from-space/ The art mixes retro thematic technology from the 50's and combining it with classic artwork. It shows normal earth combined with space technology or from the future from the perspective of a person who lived in the 50's.
Countdown; Wenqing Yan
About the Art: https://yuumei.deviantart.com/art/Countdown-217677913 The art reflects on how humans harm the environement with pollutionand melting ice for arctic animals and increasing the sea level for humans. The art has polar bears nearly out of ice to stay on top of a sandwatch whilst the bottom has us drowning from our own actions.
Memory Matrix Installation; MIT; Azra Askimaja
About the Artist: Azra Askimaja is a professor at MIT, conflicted with her identity and witnessing a country torn from a genocide, she witness the destruction of her history and identity. She then commemorates this event by creating little neon-green plastic squares to display lost monuments that has been destroyed by humans. From afar, it creates a bigger monument.
Girl with a Pierced Eardrum; Banksy
About the Artist: Banksy's identity is unknown, yet his art is famous amongst the people. Most of his artwork involves some kind of political element. About the Art: Not much is known, but Banksy's satirical interpretation of the "The girl with the pearl earrings" by Johannes Vermeer.
Magdalene's Niece; Cesar Santos
About the Artist: He is a contemporary Cuban-American artist and portrait painter. He is better known for his Syncretism, a term he coined in 2011 to describe paintings where he presents two or more art tendencies in aesthetic balance. About the Art: Aside from that, the art has no description, but it is unfinished, with only a few of it's painting is coloured, while the other part are just sketches.
Relativity; M.C. Escher
About the Artist: He was a Dutch artist who made artworks, initially, inspired from nature. Later moving on to mathematical and geographical precision on his artworks, even going so far as to traveling to Spain and Italy to discover its mathematical application to their arts and architecture. Otherwise, he was not a famous artist, even in his homeland, until his 70's his art became known.
Alexander Cuts Gordian Knot; Jean Simon Berthelemy
About the Artist: He was a french artist from the 18th to the 19th century. Accompanying napoleon, and he was famously aligned with neoclassical praying. About the Art: This was a representation of Alexander the Great's myth of cutting an untyeable knot also known as the Gordian knot.
Royal Ontario Museum; Daniel Libeskind
About the Artist: He was born in 1946 and he and his sister were holocaust survivors. After some time, he became hooked with architecture. About the Art: This part of the museum is also known as the Michael Lee-Chin Crystal. Due to the museum's crystal like structure, thus its name. Although the origin of the Michael Lee-Chin part is unknown.
Inflatable Bag Animals; Joshua Allen Harris
About the Artist: Joshua was born in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania where he studied Graphic Design and Illustration. After moving to Brooklyn in 2004 he received a Bachelors of Fine Art from the School of Visual Arts. From Sesame Street to Istanbul these kinetic street sculptures caught the attention of a world audience. About the Art: The art itself began as part of the 'Air Bear' project, in which he wanted the city to be cleaner. In this case, he created a white polar bear made out of white trash. Afterwards, he started to make more out of trash from public demand.
Mappa Mundi; Fra Mauro
About the Artist: Mappa Mundi is a map of the whole middle east, northern africa, and europe. As it pin points the location and routes of trades. Fra Mauro was famously known to be suspicious torwards information given by people, he would ask travellers or refugee of their area of origin, and be skeptic regarding the information given. He was also one of the first cartographer to challenge the church regarding places of religious importance.
House of Thorns; Alice Maher
About the Artist: She is an Irish artist who uses many media's, ranging from the classical use of media's of art to nature. She has been adventurous in her explorations of themes of childhood and death. About the Art: The art itself has no description aside from it's use of thorns covering a house. It might be related to Schopenhauer's theory on the hedgehog's dillema.
Live High Five; KLM
About the Artist: The art itself is about two individuals from New York to Amsterdam and make the "perfect high five" to win a ticket from either to New York or to Amsterdam. The artwork focuses on connection through media. MLK is an airline from the netherlands and the project was to promote their flights from New York to Amsterdam.
Halfnhalf Project; shinli-art
About the Artist: The artist are actually a couple in love separated between distance. The halfnhalf project combines footages from both New York City and Seoul to connect the lovers even when they're far away from each other.
EnTWINed; The Singh Twins
About the Artist: The artist is in fact two people and they are known by many British artist. About the Art: The art itself projects the effects of colonialism, in particular, the effects of British colonialism to the Indian sub-continent. However, instead of discussing the bad effects of colonialism, they celebrate the cultural integration that the British had done.
Hemlock Hospice; David Buckley Borden & Aaron Ellison
About the Artist: These students wanted to preserve whatever is left from the Hospice tree as it is predicted that the tree's will be completely gone by 2025 due to the insects eating and destroying the trees. They constructed many structures to honor the tree.
The Bus (El-Camion); Frida Kahlo
About the Artist: A Mexican artist born to a mestiza mother and German father, she was born with polio making her left leg thinner than her right, because of this she had more time to spend with her father at home sharing their love for photography, on the other hand, she was bullied constantly in school and this created her introverted attitude. As a child, she was naturally rebellious as she eventually was expelled from her German school, she was also at the same time sexually abused by a female teacher, she then moved to a National Preparatory school where she formed the Cachuchas; a group of rebellious teenagers where they despise eurocentric cultures whilst being inspired by indigenous Mexican culture, she also initially wanted to be a doctor. In 1925 she suffered a streetcar accident that left her semi-paralyzed as it left three of her vertebrae destroyed (she wore a plaster corset to stand up straight), afterwards she started to paint medical illustration whilst experimenting with self-portrait painting (a correspond to her theme of existence and identity), she became a communist eventually when she met Diego Rivera and joined the Mexican Communist. Whilst she was married to Rivera, she spends time in the USA, harbouring a disgust for the capitalist as they deny people who are in need. During her time in the USA she suffered a failed abortion and miscarriage which created more disease for her, due to the reasons above she became fascinated by the theme of agony, pain, and torture. Eventually going back to Mexico, she had many conflicts with Rivera which resulted in their divorce, in which by that time she experimented with surrealism/magic realism painting. About the Art: The art itself represents the social class in Mexico. From left to right, there is a housewife holding her shopping basket, a blue-collar guy in his work overall, a barefoot Indian mother who is feeding her baby, a little boy looking around, a businessman holding his money bag and a young girl which might be Frida herself. In this painting, Frida demonstrated her sympathy for the dispossessed. She painted the Indian mother as Madonna-like and the blue-eyed gringo is a representation for the capitalists. The painting also describes her accident with the streetcar.
Gemeli (Twins); Alighiero Boetti
About the Artist: Alghiero Boetti was an Italian artist and part of the art movement of Arte Povera. His famous for twinning in his art, thus he sometimes add "E" between his names to express the dialect between the selves. Art Povera means poor art, he began to create works out of then unusual materials such as plaster, masonite, plexiglass, light fixtures and other industrial materials. He's interested in the themes of chance and order from his travel in Afghanistan and Pakistan referring to maps, he trained himself to draw and write ambidextrously, he is also interested in maps so far as making an art named Mappa, when the six-day war happened, Alghiero began embroidering world maps representing war zones. Art Povera is present in most prominent old Italian city-states. Art Pover is unconventional art to disrupt the corporate mindset of the 1960s. About the Art: The art itself is about the artist supposedly holding his identical twin's hand, he also made the art in the form of a postcard.
My Parents; David Hockney
About the Artist: An important contributor to the pop art movement of the 1960s, he is considered one of the most influential British artists of the 20th century. Also, he is one of the few openly gay artists in British history, even so far as making an artwork about loving a boy. He is known for making portraits of swimming pools. He protested against the RCA in London by creating a painting called "Life painting for a diploma", he is also legally allowed to purchase cannabis, his relation with swimming pools extends to his medical problem of hearing. He was also famous for self-portraits with him and other men having a relationship, this also applies to relationships with his family, friends, and colleagues. He was also known to work on theatre, multi-camera movies, photmurals, and photo collages About the Art: In this work, painted a year before his father's death, his style has shifted towards a closer study of human behaviour. His mother poses, attentive and graceful, while his father, who fidgeted during sittings, was painted reading Aaron Scharf's book Art and Photography. A book on Chardin draws a parallel with intimate domestic scenes of the past, as do the volumes of Proust's Remembrance of Things Past visible on the shelf. Piero della Francesca's Baptism of Christ is reflected in the mirror, forming a triptych with the two figures.
Nighthawks; Edward Hopper
About the Artist: He is an American artist. Born and raised conservatively he showed talents in the art at an early age, afterwards, he was known to paint things that he envisions as an ideal American life, especially depicting an everyday scene (gas stations, highways, and buildings) of people in a lonely and melancholy manner with the beauty of anticipation. He also uses lighting, the position of the sunlight, and shadows to show symbolism and meaning. He also likes to paint nautical things concerning maritime objects or seascapes. He was also known for his careful placement of objects and people in a geometrical sense and he has a fascination with French and Russian culture, along with painting nude pictures of women and being an introvert believing that art should explain the inner life of the artist. His methods of art are oil-paintings, printmaking, watercolour, and etchings, he is also known to have sketches of his painting in his journal that depicts the idea for that painting and comes up with alternative titles for said painting and sometimes have his wife/colleague choose the tittle of the painting for him. About the Art: The art shows a bunch of people sitting down in a diner in the night, this artwork was probably inspired by Ernest Hemingway's short-story; 'The Killers'. It was also inspired by Café Terrace at Night by Van Gogh. The place was inspired from a restaurant in Greenwich Village.
The Oath of The Horatii (Le Serment des Horaces); Jacques Louis-David
About the Artist: Jaque-Louis David was a radical supporter of the French revolution, even to the point of supporting Robespierre, one of the most radical parties in the French Republic; the Jacobins. Afterwards he became a huge supporter of Napoleon, as he protected everything Jaque had stood for. After Napoleon had been deposed, he exiled himself to Brussels and eventually to the Netherlands. His art has been associated with Rococo and Neoclassical. About the Art: The art itself is about the battle between the city of Rome and Alba Longa, instead of battling the conflict with an army, both cities agreed to send three warriors from one family to fight each other, with the last family member standing wins. The battle had three brothers of the Horatii family to fight for Rome and the Curatii for Alba Longa. Whilst Camilla, the sister of one of the Horatii brothers and betrothed to one of the Curatii brothers, to which she wept during the battle. Eventually only one of the Horatii brothers survived, thus declaring the Horatii as the winner. The art also has every element converging at the centre of the artwork, specifically to the hands of the two fighters.
I and the village; Marc Chagall
About the Artist: Marc Chagall was a Russian born Jewish artist who've mixed the art style of cubism, fauvism, and fauvism, which in turn gave rise to surrealism. Chagall was born to a family of nine siblings, his family lived in a village; Vitebsk, his father worked as a herring merchant that earns 20 roubles per month on average and his mother sold groceries from his home. In the Russian empire, jewish communities were confined to small villages, which is away from metropolitan Russia (like Moscow), which in turn created Jewish market-villages called 'Shtetls'. He was schooled in a religious jewish school in his villages. When he was 13, his mother wanted to enrol Chagall in a prestigious Russian high-school in which the principle denied initially until Chagall's mother had to bribe the administrator 50 roubles to let him in. He first discovered his love for art when he saw a student drawing, in his house art itself is very strange as he had no concept of drawings, paintings, or any other form of visual art, when he asked the student where did he learn to draw the kid replied by saying 'Go find a book in the library, idiot, then copy the image'. Afterwards, he told his mother that he wanted to become an artist, initially, she had doubts because she wanted Chagall to gwhet a job with a decent salary, but Chagall explained that there is school and he can become a professional artist. He studied at Yehuda Pen's art school since he does not have enough money to enrol in the school, Pen decided to teach Chagall for free. However, after a few months, Chagall realized that academic portrait did not suit his desires. When it comes to getting a good life in 19th century Russia, the jews either have to hide their Jewish roots or embrace it and express it freely, Chagall chose the latter which helped him develop his self-expressionist themes. He eventually gain a temporary internal passport to Saint Petersburg where he enrolled in a prestigious art school, which eventually lead him to experiment theatre, during his time in the art school also lead him to meet his future wife. About the Art: I and the Village evokes his memories of his native Hasidic community outside Vitebsk. In the village, peasants and animals lived side by side, in a mutual dependence here signified by the line from peasant to cow, connecting their eyes. The geometries of I and the Village are inspired by the broken planes of Cubism, but Chagall's is a personalized version. Which is a combination of Cubism, Symbolism, and Fauvism.
Embroidered Family Photos; Juana Gomez
About the Artist: She is a Chilean artist, her work arises from the observation of nature and the processes that determine how both living beings and the inorganic world are structured and built. There is fundamental law that can be seen in the veins of a leaf, the course of rivers and their tributaries, the circuits of the central nervous system, the currents of the sea and the routes of traffic on the Internet. About the Art: Chilean artist Juana Gómez uses weaving and embroidery to explore themes of genealogy, mythology and biology in her own female lineage.
Wynyard Station Escalators (Interloop); Chris Fox
About the Artist: This artwork, in particular, follows on a twirl or a twist of an accordion perception of an escalator wrapped around the station. The wood escalator was actually the original 1931 installed escalator, since it held sentimental value to the people around, the artist decided to display it above the station's ceiling. It's in Sydney
Periscope; Pawel Kuczynski
About the Artist: http://jsphfrtz.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Pawel_Kuczynski_1.jpg It has a person looking through a periscope, in this case the periscope is shaped like a facebook logo.
1991
Abuja Treaty
Romeo and Juliet, Act 2, Scene 2; Act 3, Scene 5
Act 2 Scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet is the famous balcony scene. Romeo and Juliet met in the previous scene, during a party, in which they share kisses. This is enough for the two to fall in love. In the balcony scene, Juliet appears on her balcony and wonders why the man she is in love with is a Montague. She argues that Romeo would be the same, regardless of his last name. After Romeo's arrival, we can see how Romeo's behavior is much more immature, he swears upon intangible things like the moon. Juliet, much more practical and mature, extracts a promise of marriage from him. This scene may be used to either argue for or against "puppy love" or infatuation. First, since it is arguable immature for anyone to decide to marry only after one meeting. However, upon closer examination, one could argue that it is not puppy love since Juliet is already considering the ramifications of the Montague/Capulet feud and willing to give up her identity to be with Romeo. In Act 3, Scene 5, Romeo is leaving Juliet's room after having spent the night with her after their marriage ceremony. The initial debate between Romeo and Juliet, when they hear a bird calling on whether it is a lark or a nightingale (the lark symbolizes day and the nightingale symbolizes night) demonstrates the couple's unwillingness to allow the night to be over. Juliet initially argues it is the nightingale but finally accepts that it is the lark and tells Romeo to leave for his own safety. Juliet's maturity is apparent when her mother arrives later and orders her to marry Paris. Juliet's play on words and the use of puns show that she is much smarter than her mother and willing to protect her marriage to Romeo. Furthermore, when Juliet's nurse advised Juliet to marry Paris, Juliet decisively cuts her trust in her nurse, showing further development in her character, from a young sheltered woman to one who is independent and able to defend her own love.
2002
African Union
Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)
After this phenomenon happened, the brain are able to retain long-term memory, however, not short term memories, even to the point that they have to "remember remembering". The victim might not even remember the injury itself.
American online social media made by Mark Zuckerberg
Samantha Power
An Irish-born American academic, author, political critic, and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 to 2017.
Breach
An act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct.
adhesion
An adhesion contract (also called a "standard form contract or a boiler point contract) is a contract drafted by one party and signed by another party (usually a consumer in need of goods r services)
written contract
An agreement made on a printed document that has been signed by both the lender and borrower. Written contracts are legally binding and easier to enforce than oral contracts.
Gaslighting
An effective method for perpetrators are able to make the victim question their own feelings, gut, and memory.
Neuroprosthetic implants; Theodore Berger
An experiment by which he creates artificial neurons by creating it out of silicon and giving the function of transmitting electrical signals. Many of his colleagues called him crazy, yet his experiment worked on animals and thus far has been proved to be a working experiment. From MIT
Memory implantation
An experiment done by Susumu Tonegawa, showed that memories could be implanted, in this case the subject was a mice. The scientist used ChR2 to be put into the hippocampus, then used optogenetics for the mice to recall an information, afterwards the mice is then shocked to create fear, these created a false memory of a previous chamber, and making the mice unable to remember the information correctly.
pseudocommunity
An imaginary group of persons believed in delusions to be conspiring against and focusing negative energies toward a paranoid individual.
Swap meets
An informal gathering for the barter or sale of used articles or handicrafts. Are often second-hand products. For example, a garage sale is a swap meet.
Declarative memory
An information that we encounter in our daily lives such as the president's name, square root of 25, or any other basic information.
Explicit memory
An information that you have to work if you want to remember.
Implicit memory
An information that you remember passively and unknowingly.
Boot sales
An outdoor sale in which people sell things from the trunk/boot of their car.
"What My Grandmother Meant to Say Was", Aja Monet
Analysis This is a good poem to use in discussing about connections in cultures. Aja Monet is a Cuban-Jamaican poet and an activist in the Black Lives Matter movement. It's easy to see where she stands in terms of oppression towards African Americans and also specifically women. The speaker leaves her culture in search of a better future. This poem touches on the female black woman and her the sufferings she encounters. However, the speaker shows that she doesn't break despite these hardships.
1959
Antarctic Treaty
Trade agreement
Any contractual arrangement between states concerning their trade relationships. Trade agreements may be bilateral or multilateral - that id, between two or more states.
Nervous system
Are a complicated networks of brain communication with the body, which includes control over our sensory, motors, and spinal cords.
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, a regional economic forum established in 1989, including the US, Japan, China, Australia, Indonesia, and Thailand.
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Motivated forgetting
Based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic model, he proposed that human beings tend to forget unpleasant or unwanted memories. This is seen as a defense mechanic for the individual.
Localisation of function
Basically the theory that each part of the brain serves a different function. Although the brain functions as a collective whole, there is a more precise localization in function. First deduced from observations on brain lesion (any abnormal, damaged area of tissue detected in the brain) by French physician Paul Broca (1824-1880).
behance
Behance is a network of sites and services specializing in self-promotion, including consulting and online portfolio sites
BFF
Best friends forever
Bitcoin Cash
Bitcoin cash is a cryptocurrency created in August 2017, arising from a fork of Bitcoin Classic. Bitcoin Cash increases the size of blocks, allowing more transactions to be processed.
Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a new currency that was created in 2009 by an unknown person using the alias Satoshi Nakamoto.
Zhou Enlai
Chinese communist statesman; prime minister of China 1949-76. A founder of the Chinese Communist Party, he organized a communist workers' revolt in 1927 in Shanghai in support of the Kuomintang forces surrounding the city. As premier, he was a moderating influence during the Cultural Revolution and presided over the moves toward detente with the US in 1972-73.
1914
Christmas Truce
Collective memory
Collective memories refers to a group of individuals remembering the same event. They might alter the memory according to their view on the event.
multigenerational living
Coming Back in Style, for example 3 generations living in one house
1878
Congress of Berlin
1814
Congress of Vienna
Oscar Arias
Costa Rican president 1986-90 and 2006-10. He worked to achieve peace in Central America, particularly in Nicaragua; he received a Nobel Peace Prize in 1987.
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
1850
Douglas Treaties
histone deacetylases
Enzymes that affect gene expression
1993
European Union
vkontakte
European social network
Terms (implied vs express)
Express means that they are expressly or specifically stated, either orally or in writing. This can include thing like pay, hours and holidays. Implied terms are not expressly or explicitly stated because generally they are fairly obvious to both parties. Implied terms include statutory rights, such as duty of care.
1898
Fashoda Incident
sympathy
Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune
"Ghosts" Kiki Petrosino
For the speaker, hauntings are divided into three types. The first one are the ghosts of our mothers. These might not necessarily be dead-as mothers have a deep influence on their children and so these ghosts might be influences they excert. The second category, the herons is a little more vague. These might be the images left from our memories of events in the past. Finally, the last type of ghosts are internal. These could be interpretations of internal memories which are not influenced by outside factors.
force majeure
French for superior or irresistible power. An event that no human foresight could anticipate or which if anticipated, is too strong to be controlled. Depending on the legal system, such an event may relieve a party of an obligation to perform a contract.
1999
G20
1813-1907
Great Game
Giordano Bruno
He wrote a book called the Art of Memory about memory aids and rehearsal tools, such as mnemonics and the memory palace.
"What the Living Do" Marie Howe
Howe wrote the poem after the death of her brother. The speaker in the poem is haunted by the small details of everyday life, such as the crusty dishes in the sink. Those who are left behind can only continue with living, and embrace life fully, as she states in the final stanza of the poem but at the same time, the memories of those who have left will continue to remain with the speaker.
"I Gave Myself to Him", Emily Dickinson
I gave myself to him, And took himself for pay. The solemn contract of a life Was ratified this way. The wealth might disappoint, Myself a poorer prove Than this great purchaser suspect, The daily own of Love Depreciate the vision; But, till the merchant buy, Still fable, in the isles of spice, The subtle cargoes lie. At least, 't is mutual risk, — Some found it mutual gain; Sweet debt of Life, — each night to owe, Insolvent, every noon. Analysis Stanza 1 This poem describes a sexual encounter between a man and a woman. It was unusual for a woman to admit to this at this time. The speaker "submits" to the man but at the same time the man also paid something back. The transaction seems like a business, as Dickinson used the term "contract". Does it make sex a financial transaction? Stanza 2 The speaker discusses that this union between the two of them might result in the man being "poorer", the speaker seem to have little to offer in terms of "wealth". She refers to the lover as a "purchase" or buyer. The buyer might be disappointed with what he bought, since she has little to offer. This keeps up with the tone of a business transaction. What is Dickinson's viewpoint of marriage or relationships? Stanza 3 The speaker compares herself to valuable spices or "cargo". Spices are worth a lot while they wait to become purchased. However, do their value "depreciate" as the speaker thinks her value will do after she has been bought by her lover? After all, the value of an object may either increase or decrease depending on the market or the buyer. The merchant has no idea of their worth upon purchase. Stanza 4 In the final stanza, the speaker claims that at the very least, this type of risk is taken by both sides. For neither partner really knows the value to each other before they are joined. So it can be both a risk or a gain. She uses a paradox here, where relationships are a "debt" but at the same time "sweet". Does it imply that there is hardship but it is gladly taken? It's interesting how Dickinson says the debt is paid each night but then the next day, the relationship becomes insolvent. Insolvent companies are those who are ruined or bankrupt. The final stanza might look at the cyclical nature of relationships-love and hate/ argument and forgiveness. Dickinson never married, it is surprising that she would even write such intimate poetry about marriage. Perhaps the poem is a way to reassert her independence and to point out that women do not owe anything to a man. Perhaps she is trying to show that both partners are equal in this business transaction.
Elegy for a Mother, Still Living by Elana Bell
I was formed inside the body of a woman who wanted me as she wanted her own life, allowed to drink the milk made only for me. I was given mother-love, its bounty and its cocoon of those first years without language. It is right to mourn the rocky hills of Crete where we walked, my small hand in hers for hours. The hidden beach where we swam naked then baked on the fine sand. Lazy afternoons in her lap, thick hand stroking my curls. Her fingers have stiffened. In her eyes, the eyes of an animal in pain. I hold the memory of my mother against the woman she is. This poem examines mother/daughter relationship and the closeness that exists in the early years. Over time though, the mother becomes old, and the speaker contrasts her memory of mother in the past to who she is now. The tone of the poem is sad and foreshadows at the possibility of the mother's death (if we look at the title)
"The Map of the World Confused With Its Territory" Susan Stewart
In a drawer I found a map of the world, folded into eighths and then once again and each country bore the wrong name because the map of the world is an orphanage. The edges of the earth had a margin as frayed as the hem of the falling night and a crease moved down toward the center of the earth, halving the identical stars. Every river ran with its thin blue brother out from the heart of a country: there cedars twisted toward the southern sky and reeds plumed eastward like an augur's pens. No dates on the wrinkles of that broad face, no slow grinding of mountains and sand, for— all at once, like a knife on a whetstone— the map of the world spoke in snakes and tongues. The hard-topped roads of the western suburbs and the distant lights of the capitol each pull away from the yellowed beaches and step into the lost sea of daybreak. The map of the world is a canvas turning away from the painter's ink-stained hands while the pigments cake in their little glass jars and the brushes grow stiff with forgetting. There is no model, shy and half-undressed, no open window and flickering lamp, yet someone has left this sealed blue letter, this gypsy's bandana on the darkening Table, each corner held down by a conch shell. What does the body remember at dusk? That the palms of the hands are a map of the world, erased and drawn again and Again, then covered with rivers and earth. The speaker of the poem brings up the issue of mistaking a map for its territory, a fallacy where we believe a symbol or a model is actually the same as the reality. After a map is made, the world changes but the map does not. It does not accurately represent the changing landscapes or wars or time. How does this relate to the issue of communities?
ABCX Model
In the Double ABCX Model family stress is defined as an imbalance. in demands (the A factor: stressor event, related hardships, and prior. strains), and capabilities or resources (the B factor).
Retroactive interference
In which new information could potentially disrupt the encoding of a previous one or forgetting an information entirely.
Proactive interference
In which previous information could potentially disrupt the encoding of a new information, or would lead to the forgotance of something else.
K. R. Narayanan
Indian statesman, president 1997-2002; A member of the Congress party, he served as vice president 1992-7.
Habanera (aria); Georges Bizet
Info: Is the popular name for the song 'L'amour est un oiseau rebelle' meaning love is a rebellious bird. The song was originally written for the 1875 play Carmen. The song was adapted from the Habanera "El-Arreglito" composed by Sebastien Irader. The song is used in the 5th scene of the first act for the character's entrance. The song was in the moment where a group of women exits a cigarette factory where a group of soldiers starts flirting with the women. The song is about Carmen describing love as a rebellious uncontrollable bird, she also described love as a gypsy's child, since they are known not to obey the law. It is an Opera genre. The play itself is about the blossoming romance between the gypsy; Carmen and a soldier; Don José set in Spain 1820's. The story dealt with themes that were shocking and controversial at the time like betrayal, death, ambiguous morality About the Artist: His career, at first, had various short-comings in the 1860's due to the music market preferring established artists over newcomers. Most of his theater projects ultimately failed and only had 2 operas that were able to hit the stage. He served as a national guard in the Franco-Prussian war and later made the play 'Carmen'. Carmen was not an immediate success, its success came after Bizet's death and remains as the only opera that was not neglected after his passing.
Malaika; Miriam Makeba
Info: Malaika is a Swahili song written by Tanzanian Adam Salim in 1945. This song is possibly the most famous of all Swahili love songs in Tanzania, Kenya and the entire East Africa, as well as being one of the most widely known of all Swahili songs in the world. Malaika in this context means "angel" in Swahili, and this word has always been used by the Swahili speakers to refer to a beautiful girl. This song roughly translates to "My Angel". The figure of angel used in this song is "Cupid" the god of desire in Roman mythology. The song also refers to how money never solves her problems of love. Artist: Zenzile Miriam Makeba was born in South Africa in which she struggled throughout her life especially in South Africa when she had to work to finance her family because her father died, she was reported to be in an abusive marriage with a person at the age 17 and contracted breast cancer. When she moved to the United States her music was popular and it was vital and instrumental at befalling the South African Apartheid government and made her music popular as it brought African pop. However her attempts at returning to her country was blocked because the apartheid government, when she married to the leader of the Black Panther Party in the USA, she was exiled and moved to the Guinea where she continued to create music, eventually when Apartheid fell, Miriam became a Goodwil Ambassador which is an organization discussing world problems like human rights, feminism, and other humanitarian problems, unfortunately she eventually died from a heart attack whilst on a concert in Italy.
Khalini Shoufak; Najwa Karam
Info: The Album is said to have a traditional Lebanese Music style mixed with contemporary modern sounds. The song is about a woman who wants to meet her lover at night to perform immoral or wicked behaviors with the lyrics " The night hides vices". Artist: Najwa Karam is one of the most prominent Arabic speaking artist of the time. The rose to stardom in the 1990's and has broken records in album sales during the 2000's. She was born into a Maronite Catholic household, has been singing from a very young age and earned a bachelors degree in philosophy
Ojala; Silvio Rodriguez
Info: The artist came from Cuba and was famous for symbolizing left-Cuban ideology, which is a common theme when Castro came in power to give revolutionary enthusiasm, he is also few member of the Nueva Trova movement in which it focuses on revolutionary enthusiasm and US criticism. This song translates to hopefully, he came up with the song of Ojala when he was working as a fisherman whilst resting in a fisher boat. The artist himself has been proclaimed as one of the best Latin singers and has been referred to the "Cuban John Lennon". The song itself serves as an ode to an ex-lover perhaps a sad love song to someone.
Everybody loves somebody; Dean Martin
Info: The song was actually written by Sam Coslow, Irving Taylor, and Ken Lane in 1947. But it was eventually sung by Frank Sinatra but was unpopular. Eventually, the song was sung by Dean Martin, the song became so synonymous with him, his grave was marked with "Everybody loves somebody". He also resented Rock & Roll which created a conflict since the 60's and the 50's were the times for Rock & Roll. His life is riddled with career part taking in music, acting, comedy, and broadcasting. But he is mostly known as the person who sang the famous Everybody loves somebody even though he wasn't able to read music sheets.
The Quiz; Hello Saferide
Info: The song was created by a Swedish band with the songwriter being Anna Norlin. The band was named after an "Intelligent bus driver in a drug-addicted small town" which is identified as Willimantic, Connecticut. The song talks about how a woman is afraid of her own crush for some reason, due to her fear, she invented a quiz in order to make sure that he's the one.
Banana Pancakes; Jack Johnson
Info: The song was made by Jack Johnson, describing to the individual in the song that the world can wait, and they should spend time together. The song mostly has connotations regarding Johnson's homeland, Oahu, Hawaii. The song examines about how in his homeland that raining is common, which gives them more time to spend as a family.
The moon represents my heart; Teresa Tang
Info: The song was originally written by Sun-Yi and composed by Weng-Cheng, and first sang by Chen-Fen-Lan. Originally the song was banned from mainland China in the 1970's. But when it entered because of the Open Door policy, people loved the love song, especially Teresa Tang's voice. It was the first Chinese love song to enter China. The song is basically an ode to a love partner about how deep is their love for each other.
What is Love?; Haddaway
Info: The song was produced by German music producers named Tony Hendrik and Karin van Haaren of Coconut Records of Cologne. The melodies were created in 45 minutes whilst the song was created in 1 and a half day. The music video's setting is on a castle with surrounded by vampire-like dominatrices
We are family; Sister Sledge
Info: The song was very famous in American pop-culture, to the point that Congress put the song in preservation in the National Record Registry. The song is about an optimistic outlook on life as a family (figuratively and literally), the song also specifies on enjoying life's delights, as they sing together as a family.
Embrace the Remix; Kirby Ferguson
Info: He did a Ted-Talk about how creativity is not something entirely original, but in fact a remix from artworks or works before. He used Bob Dylan and Steve Jobs as examples of great remixers, who utilised work that existed to create something new.
Happy Birthday; Mildred and Patty Hill
Info: The Happy Birthday song, although has been sung regularly by the public, was actually a song created by a school teacher to say good morning to their students. The song became a legal wrangle for many people, as for some time, Warner Music has owned the song making people pay. By 2015, Warner Music eventually got sued, and the song was released to the public domain to be used.
Louvre Abu Dhabi; UAE government
Info: The museum was designed by Jean Nouvel with its mix of Middle-Eastern architecture with current galactic, if not, sci-fi design, mixing traditions with the future. The museum itself is widely known to be one of the greatest museums, as it exhibits artworks from all around the world. The galleries do not only consist of current paintings but objects throughout history as a mix of art and history throughout the world. The place, however, is contradictive, as they intend the museum to be for everyone, showing a new light to the art world, yet working conditions for immigrant workers were not as good as expected, and a few Swiss journalists have been arrested for recording immigrant workers being treated poorly.
You Will Be Found; Dear Evan Hansen
Info: The song came from a Broadway play about a social anxious kid in high school (Evan Hansen) until one of his friends died (Connor). So he decided to create a project named "The Connor Project" in which they intend to keep Connor's family alive. The song reflects the song creator (Ben Pajek) experience in high school. The song itself is motivating, as it invites the listener to sympathize to people who are lonely, and tell people who are lonely that they matter.
Memory; Andrew Lloyd Webber, Cats
Info: The song came from the 1981 play "Cats", in which the main character, Grizabella, sang at the climax of the story about nostalgia and the "good old days". Her song uses the moonlight to describe the past and the morning as a new future. The song itself was shaky, at the beginning Andrew thought that the song was too similar to another song, but when he asked his father's opinion he said: "It sounded like a million dollar".
Somebody Told Me; The Killers
Info: The song is about a narrator that's trying to hook up with a girl in a club, but the girl is playing hard to get, which feds him up, after this, a rumour made his dating experience worse. Then at this point, he tries his best to move on to another girl, yet the girl still lingers in his mind. At this point, he's becoming desperate and the song just twirls into his distress about trying to get the girl.
Bizarre Love Triangle; New Order
Info: The song is about the singer already married and sharing his thought about how he fell for another woman, this type of scenario puts him in a weird position where he feels guilty being with her, but he feels happy with her. In the song he feels hurt everytime he remembers about this woman and wishing that he could just be normal without this woman.
Amen Brother; Gregory Sylvester Coleman
Info: The song is completely instrumental and it is the widely most used drum sample in history.
Treaty; Yothu Yindi
Info: The song is made as a protest against the Australian government to the Aboriginal people. The song originated when Prime Minister Bob Hawke visited northern Barunga Festival when he promised to the people that he'll make a treaty to the Aboriginals. Eventually, the people got tired of waiting for the Treaty ever since 1990, the band decided to make a song about it, highlighting the progress of the treaty, which is slow. The song was built on the catchphrase of "Well, I heard it on the radio. And I saw it on the television."
It's almost like praying; Lin-Manuel Miranda
Info: The song was practically a love letter from Lin to Puerto Rico, the song was actually used to help relief hurricane Maria that has affected Puerto Rico. Lin started the song inspired by Maria of the West Side Story, at the beginning of the song you might hear Coqui frogs croaking. The song itself is about Puerto Rico
Someday out of the Blue; Elton John
Info: The song was sung by famous singer/artist Elton John. The song reflects about nostalgia, about how sometimes we miss the good old days, hoping that one day it might return out of the blues. Elton John is also bisexual and openly gay and now currently married to David Furnish.
Good Riddance (Time of your life); Green Day
Info: The song was written and lead by Billy Joe Armstrong as his girlfriend moved to Ecuador. This song was an outlet for his anger. In this case, the song talks about how all the hardship endured should not be regretted since they all make who we are today. The phrase "I hope you had the time of your life" means F. you to his former girlfriend. This song is popular amongst American high school graduates as the journey they went through was worth it.
Guess how much I love you; The Lucksmiths
Info: The song was written by Marty Donald, with his band filing the rest of the position for the music. The band disbanded in 2009, and they were known to use (specifically Marty Donald) to write witty puns in his songs that include the Australian English idioms. The song refers to a long distance relationship with the singer sending a postcard on Friday and calling her from a pub in Saturday.
Murder in the city; Avett Brothers (Seth & Scott)
Info: The song was written by former band members of Nemo; Scott Avett and Seth Avett. The song specifies on how when the protagonist is murdered, he doesn't want the perpetrator to get imprisoned because it's such a pointless action to do so. Instead, he asked to tell his loved ones that he loves them very much, believing that love is the most important thing to him.
Finlandia; Jean Sibelius
Info: The song was written, or rather, composed as a protest against more censorship created by the Russian Empire. Under the censorship of the empire, the song had to be played in different or at least alternative names such as; Happy Feelings at the awakening of Finnish Spring, A Scandinavian Choral March. The song was apparently the national anthem for the short-lived African state called Biafra.
Where the Hell is Matt; Matt Harding
Info: The video itself is by Matt Harding who went all around the world to record people dancing and then make collective footage into a video about people around the world is connected. This video was heart-warming to say the least, as it shows that underneath all the politics and struggle throughout the world, people just want to have fun and dance with each other. The video ends with Matt and his family at home.
Michelle; The Beatles
Info: This Beatles song is unusual due to its prominent use of the French language. The origin too was weird, as Jan Vaughn (The wife of friend Ivan Vaughn) taught French and had helped McCartney making a phrase rhyming with Michelle, John Lennon's sole contribution to his song is literally only adding an "I love you" bridge by Nina Simone's "I put a spell on you".
Tangled up in Blue; Bob Dylan
Info: This song is a confusing one, it juxtaposes the past and the future, first and third person. The song begins with Dylan waking up wondering about the past, then it cuts into a segment about how Dylan met his ex-wife, a ready-to-be-divorced girl, after some time, they broke up in the middle of the night, promising to meet in the avenue one day. Afterwards, it skips forward to when Dylan found a job and couldn't forget about her, even though he bedded a lot of women. In the strangest way possible, he met his ex-wife in a topless bar, yet they conversate like a normal couple, but it was cut short when Dylan found out that she had become a prostitute and he moved on. So now Dylan's on a journey to get his wife back.
In a Crowd of Thousands; Anastasia
Info: This song is from the Musical Anastasia directed by Stephen Flaherty. The play follows after the Bolsheviks executed the Romanovs leaving Anastasia to be the last one to the heir, afterwards Anastasia or Anya has amnesia and was found by two con-men, Ivan and Dmitri. This song particularly, recalls the memory of Anya when Dmitri first met her. The song is also about standing up above the crowd as the song specifies on Dmitri being special.
Every Breath You Take; The Police
Info: This song is one of the most ironic songs in the 21st century. The song was initially written when lead vocalist Sting broke up with his wife Frances Tomelty and eventually become lovers with Frances roommate and best-friend; Trudie Styler. The song itself is very sinister and it should be that way, as the song starts off with a verse describing a super surveillance that watches peoples action intensely. He intends the song to be about an over-possessive lover who would never let go of his partner. The song was recorded when Sting had a beef with some of the band members, even to the point of a verbal battle. Otherwise, the song was widely accepted and used as a soft love song, to the point that some couples told Sting that the song had been used in their wedding.
Earth Passport; Liquid Blue
Info: This song is unique, the band itself started out as a cover band and over time they were recognized as an actual band. The band's unique attribute is that they use Indian instruments for their songs. This song specifically was famous for using 9 languages including six of the official languages of the United Nations. The song is about the wanting of peace and prosperity in the human race.
We didn't start the fire; Billy Joel
Info: This song was inspired when Billy Joel talked to a friend of Sean Lennon when he talked about how it sucked being 21 during this time, Joe replied and tell stories about historical events that had happened in their lives, the conversation became the basis for the song. Billy Joel was also a huge history nerd and said that he didn't become a singer, he would become a history teacher. The song itself was about Billy Joel listing all historical events that have happened in his life and how the crazy events that have happened were not because of the Baby Boomer generation, in fact they were trying their best to fight the current problems during their time.
Letter to me; Brad Paisley
Info: This song was written by Brad Paisley, a country singer from West Virginia. The song was inspired by his wife's book which is about writing a letter to her younger self. Brad took the same concept and made it into a song. The song describes the difficulties that his seventeen-year-old self-was facing, things such as breakups, failing school, riding recklessly, and not listening to wiser people (parents and teachers), he wrote that everything is going to be fine and that he proved it by writing this letter.
Hey there Delilah; Plain White T's
Info: This song was written by the singer Tom Higgenson, he was inspired to write a song about Delilah Dicrescenzo, whom he met through a mutual friend. Ironically, the couple never had a relationship. The song describes a long distance relationship couple, with the singer making songs from Chicago to comfort his lover. This song is also a protest against the theory of proximity, in which love decreases through distance.
introverted vs antisocial
Introverts are simply selective about who they make friends with and when they go out, they require more "alone time" and find going out tired but may still enjoy it; antisocial individuals go out of their way to avoid social activity.
Jacquard loom
Invented by Joseph Jacquard and first demonstrated in 1804, this made weaving fabric more efficient, this because the weaver (the machine) remembers the type of pattern that they need to weave in using punch hole cards. This punch hole card idea, was eventually still used in early computing.
Dogecoin
Is a revolutionary digital currency. It can be sent easily through the internet from person to person with total security.
Geo Cities
It was essentially an organization of like- minded user-created homepages in different topical communities like sports, entertainment, and tech. In its original form, site users selected a "city" in which to place their web pages. The "cities" were named after real cities or regions according to their content—for example computer-related sites were placed in "SiliconValley" and those dealing with entertainment were assigned to "Hollywood"—hence the name of the site. Shortly after its acquisition by Yahoo!, this practice was abandoned in favor of using the Yahoo! member names in the URLs. In April 2009, approximately ten years after Yahoo! bought GeoCities, the company announced that it would shut down the United States GeoCities service on October 26, 2009. The GeoCities Japan version of the service is still available.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Italian statesman and political philosopher. His The Prince (1532) advises rulers that the acquisition and effective use of power may necessitate unethical methods.
"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind"
Joel and Clementine meet on a train station at Montauk and are attracted to each other for no apparent reason. Little do they know that they used to be lovers previously. When their past relationship fell apart, they decided to have each of their memories erased by a company called Lacuna. The movie looks at Joel's loss of memory about Clementine, until eventually, he is only left with his first memory of her, where she tells him "Meet me in Montauk". This movie is an interesting idea if we look at it in light of the debate topic on memory extraction or even the possibility of erasing memories. Some questions from the science portion of WSC: How do our memories and experiences shape who are are? What makes certain memories "stick" more than others? How does memory relate to attachment—such as to other people, or even to inanimate objects, such as stuffed alpacas?
1914
July Crisis
2293
Khitomer Accords
RAM (Random access memory)
Kind of like a working memory, in which they store temporary data in order to be used to run programs.
Kim Dae-jung
Korean politician. Long a voice for democracy in Korea, he served as president of South Korea 1997-2003 and worked to reunify North and South Korea and to achieve peace in Asia; he received a Nobel Peace Prize in 2000.
caveat emptor
Latin for "let the buyer beware". A belief that often places on buyers the burden to reasonably examine a product before purchasing.
"To Have Without Holding", Marge Piercy
Learning to love differently is hard, love with the hands wide open, love with the doors banging on their hinges, the cupboard unlocked, the wind roaring and whimpering in the rooms rustling the sheets and snapping the blinds that thwack like rubber bands in an open palm. It hurts to love wide open stretching the muscles that feel as if they are made of wet plaster, then of blunt knives, then of sharp knives. It hurts to thwart the reflexes of grab, of clutch ; to love and let go again and again. It pesters to remember the lover who is not in the bed, to hold back what is owed to the work that gutters like a candle in a cave without air, to love consciously, conscientiously, concretely, constructively. I can't do it, you say it's killing me, but you thrive, you glow on the street like a neon raspberry, You float and sail, a helium balloon bright bachelor's button blue and bobbing on the cold and hot winds of our breath, as we make and unmake in passionate diastole and systole the rhythm of our unbound bonding, to have and not to hold, to love with minimized malice, hunger and anger moment by moment balanced. This poem examines what it is to love someone but at the same time be able to let them go or be free. It seems that for the speaker, loving someone means possessing them or to hold on to them and not letting them go. On the other hand, the speaker's partner seems to have differing ideas about love. He or she seems able to live freely and "sail" away like a "helium balloon". The speaker must try to reconcile their differences and find a balance. Perhaps when one clings to someone, the love becomes poison, as the speaker points out in the last stanza.
Cerebellum
Located lower part of the brain that is responsible for balance and the coordination of the body. This part of the brain is connected to the spinal cord to receive sensory information. It contains roughly half of the brains neurons transmits information through electrical signals, when damaged causes paralysis.
Stored program computer
Made by John von Neumann, the idea states that data could be stored electronically through binary numbers.
Misrepresentation
Making a false statement, either deliberately or unintentionally to induce someone to do something they would otherwise not have done. E.g. buy something.
2017
Middle East Qatari embargo
Für Elise; Ludwig Van Beethoven
Might be named "Fur Therese" because of Ludwig Nohl's misinterpretation. The song was originally or Therese Malfatti to whom Beethoven proposed to, yet turned down by her to mary an Austrian Noble. It might also be for the German soprano singer Elisabeth, to whom Beethoven was friends with. The first three notes of this song spells Elise. Artist: Beethoven life was pretty stereotypical of any good musician, hard life since he was a prodigy in music, and was forced by his parents to excel at that subject. His life was famous for being riddled with disease, love problems with his inability to marry someone who is not a commoner, and his depression in which impacted him significantly. One thing to note, is that during the Congress of Vienna, he entertained state leaders and diplomats.
Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi; Marcus King
Modern reconstruction, showing Tāmati Wāka Nene signing the Treaty in front of James Busby, Captain William Hobson and other British officials and witnesses. Some Māori signatories are assembled on the left. The treaty was signed on Feb 6 to defend Maori citizens from French forces by becoming British subjects and enjoy full rights, however the Maori overtime was manipulated by the British population as they took land through unfair deals.
"similarity begets friendship"
Most friendships develop between people who are not family members or sexual partners so the friendship cannot be explained on the basis of genetic or reproductive interests. Friendships blossom on the basis of similar ideas, outlooks or tastes (people who are like us)
mutual friend
Mutual friends are people through whom you connect to other friends. For example, you are friend with Adam, and Adam is friend with Brian. You can connect to Brian through Adam; therefore, Adam is your mutual friend.
"Supple Cord", Naomi Shihab Nye
My brother, in his small white bed, held one end. I tugged the other to signal I was still awake. We could have spoken, could have sung to one another, we were in the same room for five years, but the soft cord with its little frayed ends connected us in the dark, gave comfort even if we had been bickering all day. When he fell asleep first and his end of the cord dropped to the floor, I missed him terribly, though I could hear his even breath and we had such long and separate lives ahead. Analysis This is a poem about the connection that exist between siblings. Perhaps the connection is strongest when they are young. The cord, or the connection between siblings holds up, despite fights. When the author writes about the brother falling asleep and her missing him terribly, is she discussing the moment they became adults and this connection disappears or could the brother have passed away? The tone at the end of the poem is that of loneliness which contrasts starkly with the feeling of connection at the start.
"A Dog Has Died", Pablo Neruda
My dog has died. I buried him in the garden next to a rusted old machine. Some day I'll join him right there, but now he's gone with his shaggy coat, his bad manners and his cold nose, and I, the materialist, who never believed in any promised heaven in the sky for any human being, I believe in a heaven I'll never enter. Yes, I believe in a heaven for all dogdom where my dog waits for my arrival waving his fan-like tail in friendship. Ai, I'll not speak of sadness here on earth, of having lost a companion who was never servile. His friendship for me, like that of a porcupine withholding its authority, was the friendship of a star, aloof, with no more intimacy than was called for, with no exaggerations: he never climbed all over my clothes filling me full of his hair or his mange, he never rubbed up against my knee like other dogs obsessed with sex. No, my dog used to gaze at me, paying me the attention I need, the attention required to make a vain person like me understand that, being a dog, he was wasting time, but, with those eyes so much purer than mine, he'd keep on gazing at me with a look that reserved for me alone all his sweet and shaggy life, always near me, never troubling me, and asking nothing. Ai, how many times have I envied his tail as we walked together on the shores of the sea in the lonely winter of Isla Negra where the wintering birds filled the sky and my hairy dog was jumping about full of the voltage of the sea's movement: my wandering dog, sniffing away with his golden tail held high, face to face with the ocean's spray. Joyful, joyful, joyful, as only dogs know how to be happy with only the autonomy of their shameless spirit. There are no good-byes for my dog who has died, and we don't now and never did lie to each other. So now he's gone and I buried him, and that's all there is to it. Analysis The tone of the speaker seemed to be matter of fact in announcing the death of his dog. The relationship between the speaker and the dog doesn't seem to be particularly sentimental. However, he imagines that there is a heaven for his pet, who was always there when he needed it. It is his dog that made him believe in the possibility of heaven. Perhaps humans don't merit heaven or he was too practical to believe in it. It is his desire to join his dog after death that made him believe in heaven. The poem also examines the simple interaction that can exist between man and dog, yet can lead to such profound feelings of friendship.
1949
NATO
Alzheimer's
Named after Alois Alzheimer, who discovered this special case of dementia. The alzheimer's disease refers to the degeneration of the brain, and the dementia gets worse progressively. This is due to the cells in the hippocampus being damaged.
Korsakoff's Syndrome
Named after the Russian scientist; Sergei Korsakoff, referring to a type of amnestic disorder when the brain has Thiamine deficiency, this is probably caused due to long-term ingestion of alcohol.
"No Man is an Island" John Donne
No man is an island, Entire of itself; Every man is a piece of the continent, A part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, As well as if a promontory were: As well as if a manor of thy friend's Or of thine own were. Any man's death diminishes me, Because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for thee. The idea of man as being interconnected to a whole is popularized nowadays and not a novel idea. However, when Donne was writing, the Renaissance period saw a rise of humanism, which questioned the relationship of man to God and thus brought up our relationship to the world around us. The last stanza of the poem is specifically concerned with death. In those days, the bell's tolling would signify someone's death. In order to find out who died, servants were usually sent to find the answer. The speaker notes that he would not do so because the dead might be "you", or someone known to the speaker. It could be anyone, including the speaker himself. Is death the common denominator which connects humanity?
"Valentine", Carol Ann Duffy
Not a red rose or a satin heart. I give you an onion. It is a moon wrapped in brown paper. It promises light like the careful undressing of love. Here. It will blind you with tears like a lover. It will make your reflection a wobbling photo of grief. I am trying to be truthful. Not a cute card or a kissogram. I give you an onion. Its fierce kiss will stay on your lips, possessive and faithful as we are, for as long as we are. Take it. Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding-ring, if you like. This poem explores the relationship between two people, not through a romantic lens, but rather through a more realistic and almost harsh viewpoint. Traditional Valentine celebrations romanticize love, idealizing it through roses or hearts. Duffy picks an unconventional object, like an onion to demonstrate that true love can't be represented by these objects. The tone of the author towards the subject of love contains a warning-perhaps love causes tears.
1968
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1960
OPEC
Bias
One of the seven sins, in which are mood, feelings, and perspective will alter the memory/information.
Persistence
One of the seven sins, in which we recall unwanted memory which disturbs us when we recall them.
Blocking
One of the seven sins, the action in which we block our brain from retrieving or retaining information.
Misattribution
One of the seven sins, the action in which we can recall correctly an information, but not recall the sources correctly.
OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
"Remember" Joy Harjo
Over time, humans become selfish and forget where they came from. This is a poem reminding us to be thankful of our origins. These include our families as well as the environment around us. The universe plays an integral role in the poem, as it is something that we are connected to.
2016
Paris Climate Agreement
1973
Paris Peace Accords
1947
Partition of India
1648
Peace Of Westphalia
1859
Pig and Potato War
fluid supply
Planning means to be able to organise import cycles so that there is a fluid supply without black holes like that abound in domestic trade of Cuba.
Otto von Bismarck
Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, Prussian minister and German statesman; chancellor of the German Empire 1871-90; also known as the Iron Chancellor. He was the driving force behind the unification of Germany, orchestrating wars with Denmark, Austria, and France in order to achieve this end.
PDA
Public Display of Affection
family of choice
Refers to a person(s) or group of people an individual sees as significant in his or her life. It may include none, all, or some members of his or her family of origin. In addition, it may include individuals such as significant others, domestic partners, friends, and coworkers.
underground economy
Refers to the illegal economic activity. It is also referred to as the shadow economy or the black market.
Amnesia
Refers to the loss of memories, facts, or information. They also refer to the inability to retain new information, theorized to originate from damages done in the brain. Unlike a temporary thing, amnesia can be permanent.
Covert rehearsal
Refers to the rehearsal of a memory through repetition or elaboration to new information or existing information.
Overt rehearsal
Refers to the rehearsal of a memory through talking about it or doing other actions.
Amygdala
Responsible for the memory of emotions, response, and fear. It is most associated with fear and heightening perception of the things we fear.
Rewriting existing memories; Jason Chan and Jessica LaPaglia
Scientists experimented with 146 volunteers to watch the pilot episode of the tv series "24", afterwards they asked the volunteers to either play Tetris or play some memory recalling quizzes regarding the episode, they are also allowed to listen to a supposed audio summary of the pilot episode. Twenty minutes later, people who played Tetris still remembered the pilot episode accurately, whilst people who did the quizzes were worse, this is because the audio summary was actually modified when they knock an assassin out with hypodermic syringe, instead it was replaced with a stun gun. This experiment revealed that memories are more vulnerable when recalled as that state is the most flexible.
Silk Road 1.0 - 3.1
Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market, best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs.
Simple Recipes Madeleine Thien
Similar to "Rules of the Game", Thien's short story explores the complexity that exists between first and second generation immigrants. The father who is able to cook traditional foods with ease as compared to the daughter, who is unable to do it but still tries, out of love and a desire to imitate a father whom she loves. The mother, who works to support the family. We can see the poverty in the space they live. The brother, who rebels against his own culture by refusing to eat the food or speak the language. The father is unable to accept this and resorts to violence by beating the boy. The father comes to the realization that his daughter's unconditional love will one day disappear like the son's.
"Yertle the Turtle" Dr. Seuss
Since Dr. Seuss or Theodor Geisel wrote in the 1940s, he was heavily influenced by WWII, the rise of totalitarian and fascists powers in Europe. From the poem itself, it's clear that the speaker points out to the dangers of despots and those who build their powers upon the backs of the weaker people. However, as with many writers at the time, such as Trosky (and the rise of Marxism) they believed that those who are oppressed will eventually rise to overthrow their oppressors, just like Mack overthrows Yertle.
"Maps" Yesenia Montilla
Some maps have blue borders like the blue of your name or the tributary lacing of veins running through your father's hands. & how the last time I saw you, you held me for so long I saw whole lifetimes flooding by me small tentacles reaching for both our faces. I wish maps would be without borders & that we belonged to no one & to everyone at once, what a world that would be. Or not a world maybe we would call it something more intrinsic like forgiving or something simplistic like river or dirt. & if I were to see you tomorrow & everyone you came from had disappeared I would weep with you & drown out any black lines that this earth allowed us to give it— because what is a map but a useless prison? We are all so lost & no naming of blank spaces can save us. & what is a map but the delusion of safety? The line drawn is always in the sand & folds on itself before we're done making it. & that line, there, south of el rio, how it dares to cover up the bodies, as though we would forget who died there & for what? As if we could forget that if you spin a globe & stop it with your finger you'll land it on top of someone living, someone who was not expecting to be crushed by thirst— The the speaker, maps are boundaries that divide communities. However, these borders appear to be quite random, a result of history, etc. that have nothing to do with who we really are as humans. These constraints should not be there and the speaker supports a world without boundaries. The poem is relevant today, where borders between countries continue to be issues, for example in Israel and Palestine.
Capacity
Someone is legally able to enter a contract.
Consideration
Something of value like money, used to seal the seal of a contract or transaction.
"Mending Wall" Robert Frost
Something there is that doesn't love a wall, That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun; And makes gaps even two can pass abreast. The work of hunters is another thing: I have come after them and made repair Where they have left not one stone on a stone, But they would have the rabbit out of hiding, To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean, No one has seen them made or heard them made, But at spring mending-time we find them there. I let my neighbour know beyond the hill; And on a day we meet to walk the line And set the wall between us once again. We keep the wall between us as we go. To each the boulders that have fallen to each. And some are loaves and some so nearly balls We have to use a spell to make them balance: "Stay where you are until our backs are turned!" We wear our fingers rough with handling them. Oh, just another kind of out-door game, One on a side. It comes to little more: There where it is we do not need the wall: He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. He only says, "Good fences make good neighbours." Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder If I could put a notion in his head: "Why do they make good neighbours? Isn't it Where there are cows? But here there are no cows. Before I built a wall I'd ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, And to whom I was like to give offence. Something there is that doesn't love a wall, That wants it down." I could say "Elves" to him, But it's not elves exactly, and I'd rather He said it for himself. I see him there Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed. He moves in darkness as it seems to me, Not of woods only and the shade of trees. He will not go behind his father's saying, And he likes having thought of it so well He says again, "Good fences make good neighbours." Do walls make good neighbors? The speaker and his neighbor find themselves walking along their wall, fixing it. The neighbor is more traditional, stating that walls make good neighbors. The speaker questions this, saying that walls may have a purpose if its to keep things like livestock in. But what is the purpose of having walls in places like towns or cities? Walls divide and keep others out. It isolates people from each other. This poem is especially relevant today, as Trump speaks of building a wall between the US and Mexico. Historically, we can think of what the Berlin wall did and of course, the Demarcation line between North and South Korea.
Ban Ki-Moon
South Korean diplomat; he was the previous secretary general of the United Nations.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet statesman, general secretary of the Communist Party of the former Soviet Union 1985-91 and president 1988-91; Domestically, he introduced major reforms (glasnost and perestroika), both in the economy and in freedom of information, and his foreign policy helped bring about an end to the Cold War. His resignation following the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States effectively dissolved the Soviet Union; He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.
Telescoping effect
States on how distant we see (in terms of time) events inaccurately. In this case there are two versions, backward telescoping in which we see events further into the past, whilst forward telescoping sees events more recently.
1815
Sugauli Treaty
Wang & Aydin
Suggested that collective societies tend to have smaller civilians experiencing flashbulb memory.
"Riding Alone for Thousands of Miles" Sally Wen Mao
Superficially, the poem is a travel poem-the traveler moving from place to place. At a deeper level though, it touches on loneliness, which follows us all the time. It also appears as if the speaker lacks direction in life and questions whether they need companionship.
"Inventory" Richard Hoffman
Taking inventory of something means going back and rechecking what is there and what is not. The title of the poem suggests that the author is re-examining his own past and taking account of what happened and what may have been. It's important to understand Hoffman's own background in order to understand the poem: Hoffman writes a memoir focusing on his father, whose wrestling with his own demons often estranged him from his family. The reference to the "two loves I could not welcome" is a reference to this relationship. Hoffman grew up in 1950s blue-collar Pennsylvania and early became acquainted with death--the deaths of his two brothers, disabled from muscular dystrophy--and with the attendant anger and sorrow that often pervades the lives of survivors. His mother's death; his alcoholism; his memories of sexual abuse by a coach, about which his father remained silent, became parts of Hoffman's troubled adulthood. This is referenced in the line "A year of mostly silence." The writer reflects on the what-ifs if different choices had been made in the final line, "Another man I might have been."
"Your Name" Makoto Shinkai
Teenage body swap movie which explores the fluidity of identity. The connection between Mitsuha and Taki are made by leaving messages, notes, and impressions once they are able to come back to their bodies. Despite the two teenager's differences (one from a big city and another from the rural countryside) they are able to bridge these differences and build a friendship.
"Dark House", from In Memorium Tennyson
Tennyson wrote this elegy "In Memorium" after the death of his very close friend and future brother-in-law Arthur Henry Hallam. In the poem, the speaker returns back to Arthur's house, but the house is dark and no one is there to receive him. The speaker, thoroughly haunted by grief, feels guilty at creeping around the street. All around him, the city awakes but it is contrasted by the bleak rainy weather. In the seventh canto "Dark House", the speaker has not emerged from the sense of loss and feels imprisoned by being alive, while Arthur is dead.
Thomas Jefferson
The 3rd American President. A Democratic-Republican from Virginia, he played a key role in leadership during the American Revolution and was the principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence 1776. While president, he secured the Louisiana Purchase 1803 and authorized the Lewis-Clark expedition to explore this territory. Re-elected to a second term, his poor handling of US shipping and maritime policy made a third term impossible. He chartered the University of Virginia 1819 and served as its head.
Rosy retrospection
The a common cognitive bias which recalls event in a more positive note, thus the name rosy, which symbolise people looking memories through a "rose coloured glasses", because these glasses represent hope.
empathy
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another
smuggling
The act of importing or exporting goods secretly, in violation of the law, especially without payment of legal duty.
Digitisation
The action of converting any information onto computers for storage. They are usually converted into units called bytes.
Self-serving bias
The common human tendency to attribute one's successes to personal characteristics, and one's failures to factors beyond one's control.
"For Want of a Nail" Proverb
The devil is in the details. By not having a nail, a kingdom is lost. Small things are interconnected and have unintended consequences.
Reunion John Cheever
The most important line is probably the first line of the story "The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station". The story follows a cycle, ending where it started. The son, Charlie is full of anticipation at meeting his father, whom he hasn't seen in three years. His anticipation though, is dampened by his father's callous behavior towards the waiters as they move from restaurant to restaurant. The father is obviously trying to impress his son by showing his authority or worldliness as he uses foreign words to place his orders. His attitude causes the father to be kicked out of places until they are back where they started. The father makes one final attempt at buying a paper for Charlie but even the vendor refuses given his rude attitude. At the end, Charlie is no longer excited about salvaging the relationship. The father acts apologetic, almost like a child, but it is Charlie who is more mature, by stating his firm goodbye at the end.
Acetylcholine
The most used neuro-transmitter within our brain.
Confabulation
The phenomenon when individuals or subjects fabricate memories in order to help them to supposedly recall a memory.
"From" Fatimah Asghar & Eve L. Ewing
The poem is an interesting interpretation to the question of "Where are you from?" This question isn't as simple as it appears, no matter where it is coming from. From a "white" person, perhaps, the underlying meaning is the other person is foreign, thus they look at their difference like a "drone locking on its target". The underlying imagery behind this might be the prosecution of Muslims during the past few years due to the wars in the Middle East. But racism doesn't just come from "whites". Rather, it can come from a host of other races, as demonstrated by the second and third rows, where the questions are coming from people of that region. Then those who respond are expected to answer in a certain way or are expected to behave in a certain way to demonstrate that they haven't forgotten their culture. Racism and the way we judge each other doesn't just come from external sources but may also be internal, from within a culture itself.
Humour effect
The process in which memories are remembered better when humour is imbedded within the memory
Neuroplasticity
The process in which our neural pathways and synapses are altered as an effect of environmental, behavioral, and neural changes. This is done so when our brain gains new information, it retains it.
Encoding
The process in which we record memories and later translated into the long-term memory
Multi-store model
The process in which we retain information through the sensory, then the short term, through repetition , it then finally moves to the long term. First proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin
Reconstructive memory
The process of remembering something by analytically reconstructing past events which are incomplete within the subject's memory. Derives from common knowledge and schemas, as well as memory, in order to rebuild events in the subject's mind.
Restoring Active Memory; Darpa
The purpose of this technology is to help veterans of the military to avoid permanent TBI's. This is through nano-neurotechnology, which is implanted in the subject to regulate information transmission happening within the brain. From DARPA
"Encounter" Czeslaw Milosz
The relationship between the speaker, the person who made the gesture isn't clear. One may assume they were close. But the main point of theme of the poem appears to touch on the ephemeral nature of life. It is here and gone quickly, like the life of the hare. The speaker's tone isn't sad but rather appears to be surprised by this fact.
"The Answer" Robinson Jeffers
The speaker focuses mostly on the importance of integrity. The world around us is filled with evil and so it becomes our responsibility to choose the good that can be found in the world. However, the good seems not to reside on humans, but rather on the universe itself. Humanity is ugly and doomed.
"This Hour and What is Dead" Li Young Lee
The speaker is awake late at night thinking about the death of his brother. He is haunted by what may happen with his brother now that he is dead. This thought leads to his thought about his father, who is also up late, mending clothing out of love for his children. Then his thoughts move to God, who is does nothing while people die. He wishes that his brother, father, and God could just leave him alone.
childhood
The state or period of being a child
Neisser & Harsch
The study that questioned the reliability of flashbulb memories due to it's inaccuracies.
Brown & Kulik
The study that suggested that flashbulb memories could be true due to the amount of emotional investment put into the event.
Weapons effect
The study was done by Leonard Berkowitz and Anthony LePage, regarding the effects of weapon placement, could possibly increase aggression towards a person.
Elizabeth F. Loftus & John C. Palmer; Car crash study
The study was done by two scientists regarding memory alteration when eyewitness both experience and process the information. Seen when they asked participant how fast was this motor vehicle going before it smashed, collided, bumped, hit. The participants respond differently, meaning that memories could be altered according to other factors, in this case, verbs. This is the cause either of response bias or memory representation is altered.
Chunking
The technique of collecting many individual information and group them base on their similarity.
Interference
The theory in which information can disrupt the process of encoding an information, or even forgetting it entirely.
Decay theory
The theory of memory degradation over time when no rehearsal is done to retain the information.
Generation effect
The theory that states that information that are generated through experience, self-explaining, and organizing material.
societies
The totality of people regarded as forming a community of interdependent individuals
Priming
The unconscious association of two information. For example; banana and yellow, due to the colour of the banana being yellow, thus create a unconscious correlation.
Mind palace
The use of visualizing a location in order to find it's features and imbue these features with information.
Optimal functionality
The utmost potential degree of operation, particularly in the regions of valuable unions, work life, school, and subjective health.
"Abiku" Wole Soyinka
There are various interpretations to the poem "Abiku". The author, Soyinka is Nigerian, born to the Yoruba. The Yoruba tell of the Abiku, which is a spirit that come back to inhabit children or others, especially when that person is meant to make those around them the happiest. After the spirit has received the love and affection of the family members, it leaves. The mother is left to weep over her dead child. The Yoruba tell that the Abiku will come back again and again. Thus the mother might have a second child that looks very much like the first one, and it is also inhabited by the Abiku, fated to die again and cause grief, a fitting poem to be categorized under "Hauntings and the haunted"
Semantic memory (Explicit memories)
These are memories of facts, concepts, names, ideas and other general knowledge not drawn from personal experience. Translates from episodic memory.
Episodic memory (Explicit memories)
These are your long-term memories of specific events, such as what you did yesterday or your high school graduation; personal facts, such as the make and model of your first car; and general events, such as remembering what a kiss feels like -- not one particular kiss, but kisses in general. The memory then translates to semantic memory.
HDAC inhibitors; Li-Huei Tsai
These inhibitors are known to enhance memory through improvement of neuron structure such as increasing the growth of dendrites and synaptogenesis. Li-Huei Tsai is responsible for making this discovery. MIT
Axons
They are long nerve processes that may branch out to convey signals to various areas. Some axons are wrapped in an insulating coat of glial cells called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. These cells form the myelin sheath which indirectly assists in the conduction of impulses as myelinated nerves can conduct impulses quicker than unmyelinated ones. Gaps between the myelin sheath are called Nodes of Ranvier. Axons end at junctions known as synapses.
Rights
Things that one is morally or legally entitled to do or have.
Middle East Qatari embargo
This embargo began when several countries abruptly cut off diplomatic relations with Qatar in June 2017. These countries included Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Mauritania, and Egypt. The severing of relations included withdrawing ambassadors and imposing trade and travel bans.
The Perfect Match Ken Liu
This is a dystopian short story of how AI could eventually control everything in the world. The system in the story is called Tilly and is somewhat similar to Alexa or Echo or even Siri. Such a personal assistant could make suggestions and help out with daily tasks. What Sai doesn't realize is that Tilly is owned by Centillion, which gathers user data and then makes recommendations. In this way, it is able to market goods and services, benefitting the company even more. Sai's neighbor, Jenny, opens his eyes and shows him how Tilly is manipulating his habits. Although Sai and Jenny attempt to sabotage the system, they are eventually caught and give up, joining Centillion in making the company even better. The story is what 1984 would have been if Orwell had been writing it in the 21st century.
Creating False memories; Steve Ramirez and Xu Liu.
This is the same experiments done by Susumu Tonegawa, except, this time it was done by Steve Ramirez and Xu Liu.
norepinephrine
This medicine is used in a hospital to treat low blood pressure. Increases heart rate and blood pressure. Similar to adrenaline in chemical composition
"Try to Praise the Mutilated World" Adam Zagajewski
This poem was published in the wake of 9/11, when many were haunted by the loss of lives. It is clear that the mutilated world the speaker refers to is the terrible destruction of the WTCs. The poem juxtaposes harsh realities such as "refugees heading nowhere" with images that evoke an inner calm, for instance "Remember June's long days, and wild strawberries...". The message of the speaker seems a gentle reminder for the reader to try to find the good in a world that has gone wrong.
Marriage Is a Private Affair Chinua Achebe
This story focuses on the relationship between a father, Okeke, and his son Nnaemeka. Okeke lives in a small town where there are restrictive traditional marriage rules. Okeke expected Nnaemeka to marry someone who had been picked for him but Nnaemeka lives in a modern city, and wants to marry for love. He goes against his father's wishes and marries a girl another tribe. Although Nene and Nnaemeka are happy, their father refuses to meet them. Eight years later, the couple have have children and Nene writes to Okeke telling him that the grandchildren would like to meet him. The grandfather feels his heart softening at the news. It is possible that he might bridge this gap between him and his son.
quid pro quo
Translates form Latin to what for what or something for something. The mutual consideration that passes between two parties to a contractual agreement, thereby rendering the agreement valid and binding.
1689
Treaty of Nerchinsk
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
1713-1715
Treaty of Utrecht
1919
Treaty of Versailles
"Kinship" Margarita Engle
Two sets of family stories, one long and detailed, about many centuries of island ancestors, all living on the same tropical farm... The other side of the family tells stories that are brief and vague, about violence in the Ukraine, which Dad's parents had to flee forever, leaving all their loved ones behind. They don't even know if anyone survived. When Mami tells her flowery tales of Cuba, she fills the twining words with relatives. But when I ask my Ukrainian-Jewish-American grandma about her childhood in a village near snowy Kiev, all she reveals is a single memory of ice-skating on a frozen pond. Apparently, the length of a grown-up's growing-up story is determined by the difference between immigration and escape. This poem reflects the poet's multicultural background. It demonstrates how a bridge can connect these two different cultures. As Engle traveled between the two countries, this has given her a chance to gain a sense of freedom through her understanding of her background. The poem also touches on memories, which can be painful (or short) because of war or conflict, or long and beautiful due to a lack thereof.
1960
U-2 Incident
Colin Powell
US army officer and statesman. Decorated for heroism in Vietnam, he later held a series of command posts and became a White House assistant for national security affairs 1987-89. The first black American to become chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1989-93, he was commander in chief of the US military operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm against Iraq. He served as US secretary of state during President George W. Bush's first term.
Eleanor Roosevelt
US first lady 1933-45, humanitarian, and diplomat; she married Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1905. Involved in a wide range of liberal causes, she served as chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights, where she helped to draft the Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
Henry Kissinger
US statesman and diplomat; born in Germany; secretary of state 1973-77; In 1973, he helped to negotiate the withdrawal of US troops from South Vietnam, and later headed the commission investigating the attacks of September 11. His numerous trips to foster Middle East negotiations led to the term "shuttle diplomacy."
1945
United Nations
Neurons
Units that are responsible for receiving, transmitting, and interpreting information through out the nervous system.
Duress
Unlawful pressure exerted upon a person to coerce that person to perform an act he or she ordinarily would not perform.
Mnemonic
Using phrases or memorable words in order to imbue these phrases with specific memory.
Deep processing
Utilising semantic memory encoding process in order to retain information.
The Rules of the Game | Amy Tan
Waverly and her mother Lindo are Asian Americans. Lindo is stereotyped as the typical Asian mother, who is driven to make her daughter into a successful chess prodigy. As Waverly gains fame, her relationship with her mother becomes strained because her mother will not stop showing her off or talking about her at the market. Waverly is annoyed at her mother's behavior and runs away. She returns home late, missing dinner and her brothers tell her she is in a lot of trouble. She returns to her room and imagines the confrontation between her and Lindo as a mental chess game, her pieces falling off the board one by one. The story is significant for its examination of cross cultural issues faced by families that come from different backgrounds as well as the complex relationships between mother and daughter.
"Sleeping With Ghosts" Stephen Dunn
What allows us to sleep at night, in peace, is the fact that those who have died in the past have done so in peace. Their ghosts just seek a resting place and let us have ours knowing that all living things will one day die and join them. But what about the other ghosts that have been wronged? The speaker doesn't come to a clear conclusion about what happens to them, except mentioning that a lot has been said about them. This leaves the reader with the question-what has been said and what are the consequences for those who were wronged? The focus of the poem is placed on those that are at peace with us, just like we are at peace with them, allowing a peaceful coexistence between the hauntings and the haunted.
"Self-portrait in Case of Disappearance" Safia Elhillo
What if the world we live in now is already the afterlife and all of us are already dead? What if we have not fixed any of the problems caused by humanity but have instead inherited these upon our death? What would have happened in the real world of the living? Who is left behind to mourn our passing?
Eidetic memory
When a person is able to unusually recall a memory vividly with high precision after only a few time to exposure. Meaning that the person can review a memory like a photograph. Unlike photographic memory, in which they can recall images, texts, or pages in great detail.
Flashback
When an individual suddenly, re-experiences the past with relative accuracy. This recall usually is involuntary.
Acceptance
When an offeree agrees to be mutually bound to the terms of the contract
Flashbulb memory
Where a person can recall a memory with high detail due to emotional ties or it shock to the witness. Things such as an accident or disaster will count as a flashbulb memory.
Seven sins of memory
Written by Daniel Schacter, the head of memory research on Harvard University. States that these sins, if avoided, could improve our ability to remember.
The memory wars
Written by Frederick Crews, the book explores Freud's legacy of repressed memories. The book questioned the reliability of the existence of a repressed memory. Many believed that repressed memories might be false or misinterpreted.
1797-1798
XYZ Affair
1917
Zimmerman Telegram
António Guterres
a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Dag Hammarskjöld
a Swedish diplomat, economist, and author who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 1961.
Jean Piaget
a Swiss philosopher and a developmental psychologist. He was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland and he died on September 16, 1980. He disagreed the idea of fixed intelligence, and instead proposed on cognitive development.
language barrier
a barrier to communication between people who are unable to speak a common language
Supply
a basic economic concept that describes the total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers.
a business- and employment-oriented service that operates via websites and mobile apps
"it's not you, it's me"
a catchphrase used by people (both male and female) during the end-period of a romantic relationship
ansible
a category of fictional device or technology capable of instantaneous or faster-than-light communication
soft forks
a change to the software protocol where only previously valid blocks/transactions are made invalid.
family tree
a chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure.
clan
a close-knit group who are related or who share a strong common interest.
Hard Power
a coercive approach to international political relations, especially one that involves the use of military power.
kibbutz
a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture
Taxes
a compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some good, services and transactions.
Darknet
a computer network with restricted access that is used chiefly for illegal peer-to-peer file sharing.
virtual reality
a computer technology that replicates an environment
Pig and Potato War
a confrontation in 1859 between the United States and United Kingdom over the British-U.S. border in the San Juan Islands, between Vancouver Island and the mainland; triggered by the shooting of a pig.
Diplomatic Bags
a container in which official mail is sent to and from an embassy, which is not subject to customs inspection.
nuclear family
a couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.
levirate
a custom of the ancient Hebrews and other peoples by which a man may be obliged to marry hisbrother's widow. the sometimes compulsory marriage of a widow to a brother of her deceased husband
blockchain ledger
a digitized, decentralized, public ledger of all cryptocurrency transactions.
Minister
a diplomatic agent, usually ranking below an ambassador, representing a state or sovereign in a foreign country.
July Crisis
a diplomatic crisis among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914 that led to World War I.
Chargé D'affaires
a diplomatic official who temporarily takes the place of an ambassador
stumbleupon
a discovery and advertisement engine that pushes recommends of web content to its users.
no-fault-divorce
a divorce in which the dissolution of a marriage does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party
Third Neighbor
a facet of foreign relations of Mongolia referring to its building relationships with countries other than Russia and China.
blended family
a family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships.
dysfunctional family
a family in which conflict, misbehavior, and often child neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents occur continually and regularly, leading other members to accommodate such actions.
quantum communication
a field of applied quantum physics closely related to quantum information processing and quantum teleportation
Ultimatum
a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation or a breakdown in relations.
Dollar Diplomacy
a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through the use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.
monogamy
a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime
a freeware and cross-platform messaging and Voice over IP service
line app
a freeware app for instant communications on electronic devices such as smartphones. Whatsapp clone i guess
Media Equation
a general communication theory that claims that people tend to treat computers and other media as if they were either real people or real places
sanctity of contract
a general idea that once parties duly enter into a contract they must honour their obligations under that contract.
Dementia
a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. It is not a specific disease. It just refers to damage done to the brain.
G20
a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union who meet to discuss global economic issues.
underground
a group or movement organised secretly to work against an existing regime.
Levittown
a hamlet and census-designated place in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, New York on Long Island
dormitory
a large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution.
alimony
a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to his or her spouse before or after marital separation or divorce
annulment
a legal procedure within secular and religious legal systems for declaring a marriage null and void
augmented reality
a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
Ambassador Spock
a male Human/Vulcan hybrid who became one of the most distinguished and respected figures in the United Federation of Planets.
Secretary
a managerial or leading position in certain non-profit organizations; such as political parties, trade unions, international organizations.
ghost marriage
a marriage in which one or both parties are deceased.
sublimation
a mature type of defense mechanism, in which socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are unconsciously transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior
Summit
a meeting between heads of government.
Congress of Vienna
a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815
Congress of Berlin
a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro).
Envoy
a messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission; a minister plenipotentiary, ranking below an ambassador and above a chargé d'affaires.
surrogacy
a method or agreement whereby a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another person or persons, who will become the newborn child's parent(s) after birth.
Duty of care
a moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety or wellbeing of others.
beanpole family
a multi-generational extended family, this means that there are many different generations within the family but they have few siblings in each generation.
grandparents
a parent of one's father or mother; a grandmother or grandfather.
ghetto
a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.
Organs
a part of an organism which is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function.
Paris Peace Accords
a peace treaty signed on January 27, 1973 to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War.
single parent
a person bringing up a child or children without a partner.
Peacekeeper
a person involved in creation conditions that favor lasting peace and cessation of violence and hostility.
only child
a person with no siblings, either biological or adopted.
frenemy
a person with whom one is friendly despite a fundamental dislike or rivalry.
Plenipotentiary
a person, especially a diplomat, invested with the full power of independent action on behalf of their government, typically in a foreign country.
Soft Power
a persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence.
Proposal
a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others
intentional community
a planned residential community designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork
One China Policy
a policy saying that there is only one country of China, despite the fact that there are two governments, China (officially the People's Republic of China) and Taiwan (officially the Republic of China), with the official name of China.
Great Game
a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighboring territories in Central and Southern Asia
XYZ Affair
a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War.
Elaborative encoding
a process of recording of a memory through correlation with other events.
Crawler
a program that visits Web sites and reads their pages and other information in order to create entries for a search engine index. The major search engines on the Web all have such a program, which is also known as a" spider" or a "bot"
avoidant personality disorder
a psychiatric condition characterised by a lifelong pattern of extreme social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and sensitivity to rejection.
parenting styles
a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.
attachment theory
a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between humans.
Arab League
a regional organization of Arab states in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa and Arabia.
Internet relationship
a relationship between people who have met online
long-distance
a relationship of two people who are far away from each other
love triangle
a romantic relationship involving three people.
Zimmerman Telegram
a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I against Germany.
Counselor
a senior officer in the diplomatic service.
Peace of Westphalia
a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648, effectively ending the European wars of religion.
Douglas Treaties
a series of treaties signed between certain indigenous groups on Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island.
Christmas Truce
a series of widespread but unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914.
friendzone
a situation in which one member of a friendship wishes to enter into a romantic or sexual relationship, while the other does not. It is generally considered to be an undesirable situation for the rejected person
formalities
a small point of practise that, though apparently insignificant, must generally be observed to achieve a particular legal result.
Consulate
a smaller diplomatic mission, normally located outside a capital city; the place or building in which a consul's duties are carried out.
free love
a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social and financial bondage
myspace
a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, 2003-2010
sororities
a society for female students in a university or college, typically for social purposes.
Endangered Animals
a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction.
limerence
a state of mind which results from a romantic attraction to another person typically including compulsive thoughts and fantasies and a desire to form or maintain a relationship and have one's feelings reciprocated.
Currency
a system of money in general use in a particular country.
Realpolitik
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Paiza
a tablet carried by Mongol officials and envoys to signify certain privileges and authority; it enabled Mongol nobles and officials to demand goods and services from civilian populations.
Obsolence
a technical product or service is no longer needed or wanted even though it could still be in working order. Technological obsolescence generally occurs when a new product has been created to replace an older version.
Ripple
a technology that acts as both a cryptocurrency and a digital payment network for financial transactions.
Blackouts
a temporary condition that affects your memory. It's characterized by a sense of lost time. It occurs when your body's alcohol levels are high. Alcohol impairs your ability to form new memories while intoxicated.
Nootropics
a term for a supplement that is ingested primarily for its effects on the brain. This includes many supplements that are touted to increase cognition, focus, alertness, or well being. Basically a cognitive steroid for the brain.
enclaves and exclaves
a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of another state
Dunbar number
a theoretical limit to the number of people with whom any individual is able to sustain a stable or meaningful social relationship (usually considered to be roughly 150). "even in the age of Facebook, the number of friends with whom you keep in touch is likely to be less than Dunbar's number"
family systems theory
a theory introduced by Dr. Murray Bowen that suggests that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit.
Cigarettes
a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.
Weapons
a thing designed or used for inflicting bodily harm or physical damage.
hybridity
a thing made by combining two different elements; a mixture.
hologram
a three-dimensional image reproduced from a pattern of interference produced by a split coherent beam of radiation
border towns
a town or city close to the boundary between two countries, states, or regions
dowry
a transfer of parental property, gifts or money at the marriage of a daughter
Antarctic Treaty
a treaty established to regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population
Khitomer Accords
a treaty signed between the Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets
arranged marriage
a type of marital union where the bride and groom are selected by individuals other than the couple themselves
green card marriage
a type of marriage arrangement wherein a U.S. citizen marries a non-citizen from another country for the purpose of them obtaining a green card
Alliance
a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.
Oil
a viscous liquid derived from petroleum, especially for use as a fuel or lubricant.
Gold
a yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79, used in jewellery and decoration and to guarantee the value of currencies.
Preventive Diplomacy
action to prevent disputes from arising between parties, to prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts and to limit the spread of the latter when they occur.
Hyperthymesic
also called Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) or Hyperthymesia Syndrome. In which an individual is able to recall every detail of their everyday life. James McGaugh, Larry Cahill, Elizabeth Parker, and Dr. Paul Tejera, are the scientist who helped research about the matter. It can harm someone's thinking process.
puppy love
also known as a crush, calf love or kitten love is an informal term for feelings of romantic or platonic love, often felt during childhood and adolescence. It is named for its resemblance to the adoring, worshipful affection that may be felt by a puppy. It may also be able to describe short/long-term love interest.
genealogy
also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.
an American social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website
Ambassador
an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.
Formation
an act of giving form or shape to something or taking form.
Exchange
an act of giving one thing and receiving another (especially of the same kind) in return.
Rezidentura
an agent operating within a foreign country for extended periods of time.
Treaty of Tordesillas
an agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.
Agreement
an agreement is any understanding or arrangement reached between two or more parties.
Paris Climate Agreement
an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance starting in the year 2020.
bride wealth
an amount of money, property or other form of wealth paid by a groom or his family to the parents of the woman he has just married or is just about to marry.
Timehop
an application for smartphones that collects old photos and posts from Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Dropbox photos and distributes the past. The company was founded in 2011 by Jonathan Wegener and Benny Wong.
uses and gratification theory
an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs
the Falkland Islands
an archipelago in the South Atlantic; a British overseas territory that is disputed between Argentina and the United Kingdom
Amarna letters
an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom.
Caching
an area of a computer's memory devoted to temporarily storing recently used information. The content, which includes HTML pages, images, files and Web objects, is stored on the local hard drive in order to make it faster for the user to access it, which helps improve the efficiency of the computer and its overall performance.
cohabitation
an arrangement where two people who are not married live together
African Union
an association of African states formed in 2002 from the Organization of African Unity.
NATO
an association of European and North American countries, formed in 1949 for the defense of Europe and the North Atlantic against the perceived threat of Soviet aggression.
League of Nations
an association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and achieve international peace and security. It was powerless to stop Italian, German, and Japanese expansionism leading to World War II and was replaced by the United Nations in 1945.
European Union
an economic and political association of European countries as a unit with internal free trade and common external tariffs.
Demand
an economic principle that describes a consumer's willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service.
Laissez-fair
an economic theory that became popular in the 18th century. Laissez-fair is a French term that translate to "leave alone". The main principle is that the less the government is involved in the economy, the better off business will be - and by extension society as a whole.
micronation
an entity that claims to be an independent nation or state but is not officially recognized by world governments or major international or
Spaced retrieval
an evidence-based memory technique that uses procedural memory to help people recall information over progressively longer intervals of time. Anyone can use this technique, but it has been proven especially effective in helping people with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, and aphasia. It can be done anywherewith simple tools by anyone familiar with the procedure, but it is not meant to be done alone by the person with the memory impairment.
culture shock
an experience a person may have when one moves to a cultural environment which is different from one's own
Offer
an expression of readiness to do or give something if desired. An open call to anyone wishing to accept the promise of the offeror.
Obsession
an idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind.
U-2 Incident
an incident during the Cold War where an American spy plane was shot down while in Soviet airspace while performing aerial reconnaissance.
Non-State Actors
an individual or organization that has significant political influence but is not allied to any particular country or state.
smart machines
an intelligent device that uses machine-to-machine (M2M) technology
agoraphobia
an intense fear and anxiety of being in places where it is hard to escape, or where help might not be available. Usually involves fear of crowds, bridges, or of being outside alone.
commune
an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests
cohousing
an intentional community of private homes clustered around shared space
Conference of Ambassadors
an inter-allied organization of the Entente in the period following the end of World War I.
medium of exchange
an intermediary instrument used to facilitate the sale, purchase or trade of goods between parties. For an instrument to function as a medium of exchange, it must represent a standard of value accepted by all parties. In modern economies, the medium of exchange is currency
Commonwealth of Nations
an international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire, and dependencies; the British monarch is it's symbolic head.
Cuban Missile Crisis
an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the US and the Soviet Union.
United Nations
an international organization of countries set up in 1945, in succession to the League of Nations, to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
Wayback Machine
an internet archive which contains a large collection of sites saved from the past.
concubinage
an interpersonal and sexual relationship in which the couple are not or cannot be married.
Celebrity worship
an obsessive addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebrity's personal and professional life
Consul
an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the government's citizens and interests there.
Embargo
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.
an online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as "tweets"
Stellar
an open-source payment technology that shares several similarities with Ripple. Its founder, Jed McCaleb, also co-founded Ripple. It aims to connect financial institutions and drastically reduce the cost and time required for cross-border transfers.
Ethereum
an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform and operating system featuring smart contract (scripting) functionality.[3] It supports a modified version of Nakamoto consensus via transaction-based state transitions.
phenylethylamine
an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. Improves depression and athletic performance by increasing the level of chemicals produced in the body
mutual society
an organization (which is often, but not always, a company or business) based on the principle of mutuality.
Mission
an organization or institution involved in a long-term assignment in a foreign country.
gangs
an organized group of criminals.
Persona Non Grata
an unacceptable or unwelcome person.
store of value
any form of wealth that maintains its value without going down
art app
adoptive family
as a result of the adoption of another's child.
Frederic Bartlett
born October 20, 1886, Stow-on- the-Wold, Gloucestershire, England—died September 30, 1969, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, a British psychologist famous for his studies on memories, he prefers to study through case scenarios rather than statistics. He asked British citizens to recall the story of "War of the Ghosts", this story was originally from the native Americans, yet the British remembered the story differently. This is because memories are not records, rather reconstruction of past memories.
living apart together
couples with intimate relationships but live at separate addresses
Metadata
data that describes other data. Metadata summarizes basic information about data, which can make finding and working with particular instances of data easier. For example, author, date created and date modified and file size are examples of very basic document metadata.
DIssociation
defined as disruptions in aspects of consciousness, identity, memory, physical actions and/or the environment. Usually caused by intense or severe trauma
Regulation
defined as forcing of rules by government, promoted by the use of penalties that are intended specifically to modify the economic behaviour of individual and firms in the private sector. (laws specifically for the economy)
Extraterritoriality
denoting the freedom of an ambassador or other embassy staff from the jurisdiction of the territory of residence.
stigmatization
describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval.
Nuclear Diplomacy
diplomacy dealing with the prevention of nuclear war and peacetime proliferation. It also deals with the use of threat of nuclear warfare to achieve diplomatic goals.
South China Sea disputes
disputes involving both island and maritime claims among several sovereign states within the Asia-Pacific region, namely Brunei, the People's Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam
parasocial interaction
explanation of the ways in which audience members develop their one-sided relationships with the media being consumed.
love-hate
feeling or showing a mixture of love and hate
trust
firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something.
Gunboat Diplomacy
foreign policy that is supported by the use or threat of military force
discord
game with a modern voice & text chat app
contraband
goods that have been imported or exported illegally. E.g. Cigarettes
Unwind (excerpt) Neal Shusterman
guy called connor gonna get unwound
biculturalism
having or combining the cultural attitudes and customs of two nations, peoples, or ethnic groups
"Chinatowns"
historically any ethnic enclave of Chinese or Han people outside China and Taiwan
Housing
houses and flats considered collectively.
"Look Up", Gary Turk
http://garyturk.com/portfolio-item/lookup/ Being connected through the Internet does not mean real connections to anyone, although you may have hundreds of friends. Gary Turk encourages people to take a break from social media to be in the "present".
"The Egg" Andy Weir
http://www.galactanet.com/oneoff/theegg_mod.html The short story happens after the protagonist has died from a car accident and meets "God"? In this case, God isn't represented by a stereotypical God, but as a figure that could be anyone. The emphasis of the story lies on the interconnectedness that exists between all humans. Our actions have consequences and we are all part of one whole. For humans to become enlightened, we must live all possible lives in order to understand its meaning.
"Wild Geese", Mary Oliver
http://www.phys.unm.edu/~tw/fas/yits/archive/oliver_wildgeese.html This poem deals with what one must do in order to be good in life. It isn't necessary to show this through grand gestures. Rather, the speaker wants the audience to be true to nature and the beauty found in it.
" i carry your heart with me", e.e. cummings
i carry your heart with me(i carry it in my heart)i am never without it(anywhere i go you go,my dear;and whatever is done by only me is your doing,my darling) i fear no fate(for you are my fate,my sweet)i want no world(for beautiful you are my world,my true) and it's you are whatever a moon has always meant and whatever a sun will always sing is you here is the deepest secret nobody knows (here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud and the sky of the sky of a tree called life;which grows higher than soul can hope or mind can hide) and this is the wonder that's keeping the stars apart i carry your heart(i carry it in my heart) Analysis A free verse poem by cummings. The poem stresses the unity that exists between the partners. This is connected to the tree of life which in literature connects everything. The speaker's attitude towards love is an all encompassing love, a love that transcends time and space. There is an interconnectedness to nature and the world when one is in love.
black market
illegal trading of goods and services either by the good or service being illegal or the transaction being illegal.
shadow economy
illicit economic activity existing alongside a country's official economy.
xenophobia
intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries
ecovillage
intentional communities whose goal is to become more socially, economically and ecologically sustainable
Paradiplomacy
international relations conducted by subnational or regional governments on their own, with a view to promoting their own interests.
Drum memory
invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria. These things were so popular in the 1950's to the point we call them drum machines. They involve using magnetic core to work like a hard drive, with a feromagnetic cylinder working kinda like a disk and they rotate the cylinder until data appears.
grey market
is a market where a product is bought and sold outside of the manufacturers authorised trading channels. It is where the unofficial trading of a company's shares, usually before they are issued in initial public offering happens. The products sold in the grey market are legal but are not provided by the owner. Basically, it is an unofficial market in goods that have not been obtained from an official supplier.
hedgehog's dilemma
is a metaphor about the challenges of human intimacy. It describes a situation in which a group of hedgehogs seek to move close to one another to share heat during cold weather.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression. it is typically used when other depression treatments haven't been effective. Studies show that it improves memory long after treatment.
hard forks
is a radical change to the protocol that makes previously invalid blocks/transactions valid (or vice-versa). Software updates on your phone is a hard fork.
wallets
is a secure digital wallet used to store, send, and receive digital currency like Bitcoin.
private keys
is a sophisticated form of cryptography that allows a user to access his or her cryptocurrency.
ketubah
is a special type of Jewish prenuptial agreement. It is considered an integral part of a traditional Jewish marriage, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of the groom, in relation to the bride
compounding crime
is an offence. It occurs when a victim of a crime fails to report or prosecute the offender or agrees to hamper prosecution in exchange for a bribe, act of atonement, etc.
Abandonware
is computer software (such as an operating system , word processor, interactive game, or audio file) that is no longer marketed or distributed by the company that created it, but is obtainable from some other source.
black money
is money which is earned through an illegal activity controlled by country regulations. Black money proceeds are usually received in cash from underground economic activity and as such are usually received in cash.
counterfeiting
is the activity of making illegal copies of things such as bank notes, DVDs, or official documents.
market failure
is the economic situation defined by an inefficient distribution of goods and services in the free markets, it occurs when the quantity of a product demanded by consumers does not equate to the quantity supplied, this prevent equilibrium in the market.
white market
is the legal, official, authorised, or intended market for goods and services.
price ceilings
is the maximum price a seller is allowed to charge for a product or service. Price ceilings are usually set by law and limit the seller pricing system to endure fair and reasonable business practises e.g. rent ceilings
remedies
is the means with which a court of law enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes another court order to impose its will
money laundering
is the process of creating the appearance that large amounts of money obtained from criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist activity originated from a legitimate source.
import cycle
is the steps to imports goods from other countries: e.g. Supplier selection > PO Creation > Transport Insurance > Financing > Carrier Selection> Document Creation > Loading > Shipment tracking > Import > Goods receipt > Invoice > m way match > payment > tax refund
Acropolis
its main products are books and digital services, The books listed for sale are mainly related to fraud, security, and hacking; although there are those instructing readers on how to earn easy money - How to make 1000 per day
reasonableness
just rational appropriate ordinary or usual in the circumstances. It may refer to care, cause, compensation, doubt, and a host of other actions or activities.
The Kite Runner (excerpt) Khaled Hosseini
kHaLeD HOsSeiNI
kakaotalk
korean messaging app
1919
league of Nations
Liabilities
legal responsibilities. Liability is the state of being legally responsible for something.
viber
lets you send free messages and make free calls to other Viber users
Unrequited love
love that is not openly reciprocated or understood as such by the beloved
Punch cards
made by Joseph Jacquard, except these cards contain numbers in which we poke holes on the numbers we want to, to represent a data. The card is then processed through computer in order to access data, kinda like a binary code.
extended
made larger; enlarged.
fraternities
male students' society in a university or college
oxytocin
man-made form of a natural hormone, used during childbirth to speed delivery or after childbirth to control bleeding. social bonding as well
philia
means "affectionate regard, friendship," usually "between equals."It is a dispassionate virtuous love, a concept developed by Aristotle. expressed variously as loyalty to friends (specifically, "brotherly love"), family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity.
storge
means "love, affection" and "especially of parents and children" It is the common or natural empathy, like that felt by parents for offspring. Rarely used in ancient works, and then almost exclusively as a descriptor of relationships within the family.
eros
means "love, mostly of the sexual passion."The Modern Greek word "erotas" means "intimate love; platonic
agape
means "love: esp. charity; the love of God for man and of man for God." Agape is used in ancient texts to denote feelings for one's children and the feelings for a spouse, and it was also used to refer to a love feast.
Sanctions
measures taken by a nation to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or on participation in official sporting events.
Counterinsurgency
military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionaries.
Proximity
nearness in space, time or relationship
childless
not having any children.
milk kinship
nursing by a non-biological mother
passive-aggressive
of or denoting a type of behavior or personality characterized by indirect resistance to the demands of others and an avoidance of direct confrontation, as in procrastinating, pouting, or misplacing important materials.
PTSD
once called shell shock or battle fatigue syndrome, is a serious condition that can develop after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic or terrifying event in which serious physical harm occurred or was threatened.
"repeated, unplanned interactions"
one of the key conditions for making friends according to sociologists
Absent-mindedness
one of the seven sins of memory, which states that memory are easily forgotten when we don't pay attention to the information.
Transcience
one of the seven sins of memory, which states the degradation or temporarieness of a person's memory.
Suggestibility
one of the sevens ins, in which are memories are capable to be altered if a suggestion is strong enough.
Futures market
participants buy and commodity and future contracts for delivery on a specific future date. Example are the New York Mercantile exchange and the Kansas City Board of Trade.
Children of the Earth and Sky (chapter 1) Guy Gavriel Kay
pirates and stuff
hostel
provide budget-oriented, sociable accommodation where guests can rent a bed
avolition
psychological state characterized by general lack of desire, motivation, and persistence. Commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia, those suffering from avolition will not start or complete any major tasks.
voice-enabled technologies
recognition technology that allows a user to perform a search via a voice command
unreported economy
refers to an economy that is engaged in economic activity that finds its way around tax laws.
volatility
refers to the amount of uncertainty or risk about the size of changes in a security's value. A higher volatility means that a security's value can potentially be spread out over a larger range of values. This means that the price of the security can change dramatically over a short time period in either direction. A lower volatility means that a security's value does not fluctuate dramatically, but changes in value at a steady pace over a period of time.
homosociality
relating to social interaction between members of the same sex.
dependency
reliance on someone
legal regulation
rules and administrative codes issued by governmental agencies at all levels. Although they are not laws, regulations have the force of law and often include penalties for violations.
loneliness
sadness because one has no friends or company.
Treaty of Utrecht
series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession; Spain, Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy, and the Dutch Republic.
acculturation
similate or cause to assimilate a different culture, typically the dominant one.
Tumblr
social networking website found in 2007
tinder
social search mobile app that allows users to like or dislike other users, and allows users to chat if both parties swiped to the right
critical friend
someone who is encouraging and supportive, but who also provides honest and often candid feedback that may be uncomfortable or difficult to hear.
unit of account
something that can be used to value goods and services, record debts and make calculations.
nikah mut'ah
temporary marriage; certain Sunni Muslim groups practice it
sheng nu
term made popular by the All-China Women's Federation that classifies women who remain unmarried in their late twenties and beyond
1982
the Falkland Islands
Memory inhibition
the ability not to remember irrelevant information. A critical part of memory system.
Emulation
the ability of a program or device to imitate another program or device. Many printers, for example, are designed to emulate Hewlett-Packard LaserJet printers because so much software is written for HP printers. By emulating an HP printer, a printer can work with any software written for a real HP printer. Emulation tricks the software into believing that a device is really some other device.
Muscle memory
the ability of our mind to capture a particular activity or movement. For example, walking is a movement that we have mastered to the point that it doesn't require a particular memory in order to imitate the movement.
hikikomori
the abnormal avoidance of social contact, typically by adolescent males. Or a person who avoids social contact.
betrayal
the action of betraying one's country, a group, or a person; treachery.
misrepresentation
the action or offense of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.
adaptation
the action or process of adapting or being adapted.
Appeasement
the action or process of pacifying or placating someone by acceding to their demands.
Coercive Diplomacy
the attempt to get a target, a state, a group (or groups) within a state, or a nonstate actor-to change its objectionable behavior through either the threat to use force or the actual use of limited force.
Fashoda Incident
the climax of imperial territorial disputes between Britain and France in Eastern Africa, occurring in 1898.
Stock market
the collection and exchanges where the issuing and the trading of equities, bonds and other sorts of securities takes place either through formal exchanges or over-the-counter markets.
Public Diplomacy
the communication with and dissemination of propaganda to the general public of foreign nations to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence
family resilience
the concept of individual psychological resilience which originates from work with children focusing on what helped them become resilient in the face of adversity.
cyberasociality
the condition of not being willing and/or able to form relationships with people you met online has a name
Partition of India
the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
breakup
the end of a relationship.
Cyber Diplomacy
the evolution of public diplomacy to include and use the new platforms of communication in the 21st century.
Art
the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.
Treaty of Nerchinsk
the first treaty between Russia and China.
freedom of contract
the freedom of private or public individuals and groups (of any legal entity) to form contracts without government restrictions.
Six Degrees of Separation
the idea that all living things and everything else in the world are 6 or fewer steps away from each other so that a chain of "a friend of a friend" statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of 6 steps.
artificial intelligence
the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior.
Self-Determination
the international principle that states that people, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity, have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference.
Simonides of Ceos
the inventor of the method of loci (locus meaning a space in a memory palace) where large amounts of data can be remembered in order by placing images that represent the data into mental locations or journeys.
civil union
the legal status that ensures to same-sex couples specified rights and responsibilities of married couples
Embassy
the official residence or offices of an ambassador; the main diplomatic mission of a nation to another.
synchronization
the operation or activity of two or more things at the same time or rate.
informal economy
the part of an economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any formal government. It is also referred to as the grey economy.
Digital dark age
the possibility that we are living in an era where future generations will find it difficult or impossible to retrieve electronic documents and multimedia, because they have been recorded in an obsolete and obscure file format.
ghosting
the practice of ending a personal relationship with someone by suddenly and without explanation withdrawing from all communication.
polygamy
the practice of marrying multiple spouses
Diplomatic Immunity
the privilege of exemption from certain laws and taxes granted to diplomats by the country in which they are working.
statutory regulation
the process of checking by a government organisation that a business is following official rules.
aging
the process of growing old
assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or idea
Slave Trade
the procuring, transporting, and selling of human beings as slaves, in particular the former trade in black Africans as slaves by European countries and North America.
consanguinity
the property of being from the same kinship as another person. In that aspect, consanguinity is the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person.
Asylum
the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
Medicine
the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery).
Arbitrage
the simultaneous buying and selling of securities, currency, or commodities in different markets or in derivative forms in order to take advantage of differing prices for the same asset.
unemployment
the situation of actively looking for employment but not being currently employed.
Perfect competition
the situation prevailing in a market in which buyers and sellers are so numerous and well informed that all elements of monopoly are absent and the market price of a commodity is beyond the control of individual buyers and sellers.
infatuation
the state of being carried away by an unreasoned passion, usually towards another person for which one has developed strong romantic or platonic feelings.
Propinquity
the state of being close to someone
Polarity
the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects.
virality
the tendency of an image, video, or piece of information to be circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another; the quality or fact of being viral.
Zero-Sum
the theory in which whatever is gained by one side is lost by the other.
Abuja Treaty
the treaty establishing the African Economic Community, signed in the capital city of Nigeria.
Treaty of Versailles
the treaty that ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers during the First World War.
Sugauli Treaty
the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16.
cyberstalking
the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an individual or a group
ostracization
to exclude, by general consent, from society, friendship, conversationto exclude, by general consent, from society, friendship, conversation
Reciprocation
to respond to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one
mining
transactions are verified and added to the public ledger, known as the block chain, and also the means through which new bitcoin are released.
crystallization
vague feelings of unrest crystallized into something more concrete
decentralized
when most decisions are made by mid-level or lower-level managers, rather than being made centrally by the head of the company.
commission-free
when motif or single stock trades that carry no commission fees when executed.
seenzoning
when you send someone a message and it says "seen" but they dont reply :'
Imperfect competition
whenever a market violates the principle of perfect competition. Since perfect competition is impossible in the real world, all real markets can be classified as imperfect.
Hippocampus
where long-term memories are stored. The greek word stands for sea horse meaning hippo and kampos. Responsible for emotion stimulation and lack of oxygen could damage this curve of the brain, which inhabits both the left and right side of the brain. Also part of the limbic system.
Prefrontel Lobe
where short-term memories
hermitage
隐居处；修道院 , related to hermit. A word for one who retreats from society to live in solitude often for religious reasons.