WWII Pacific Test

Why the Japanese lost the war

- US better at rescuing shot-down airplanes - US bombed Japan to start fires because of the wood houses. (Half of the country's urban centers had burned) - Was able to sink more ships: 56% of Japans Merchant, 28% of warships - disrupted Japanese trade - better built ships - Japan was not precise with attacks. (Fort stevens attack: attacked a baseball diamond instead.) (St Barbara attack: hit a sidewalk and a crosswalk $512 worth of damage) - Japan had a small production industry - Lack of strategy

Manhattan Project

- released it with no warning and with maximum effect - one bomb was dropped on Hiroshima - No surrender- dropped another on Nagasaki - Japan Surrendered

Japan Propaganda

-Portrayed as the innocent good guys - portrayed US as the bad guy - Drunkards, weak, vulnerable, committed atrocities as a norm. - gave leaflets to African Americans

US Propaganda

-Portrayed themselves as the strong good guys. - Portrayed the Chinese as short people, snakes rats or monkeys, buck teeth - played clips before movies - Made books on how to identify a Jap.

Treatment of POWs

-Rations became scarce, medicine vanished, they ate whatever they could find - Americans were forced to labor jungles, mines and quarries - they had become slaves to the japanese - Americans had to lie in letters written home that the Japanese were paying them for working, treating them well, and that they are happy - even though this was untrue

Pearl Harbor Successes

2323 American Lives, the destruction of most US Planes on Oahu, the loss of eight battleships, three destroyers, and three cruisers, and the complete destruction of the Oklahoma and Arizona at "battleship row" - for the next six months the US was unable to play any significant role in the pacific, but in the long term was a failure

Cairo Declaration

Allied statement that declared that - the war was not being fought for allied territorial expansion - Japan would need to accept unconditional surrender - Japan would be stripped of all territorial possession seized since 1914 - all territory taken from china would be returned to china - Manchuria, Taiwan, and the Pescadores - Korea would become independent

Operation Starvation

America's strategy to starve out the Japanese. Mines were dropped on the major waterways which destroyed them and blocked boats.

Operation Meeting House

American plan to bomb Japan and destroy industrial production, dispirit Japan, and stop the resistance.

Pearl Harbor Initial Japanese Success

Bonzai culture - surrender was a disgrace and soldiers fought to the death Allies were overwhelmed by Japanese surprise attacks - discounted Japanese military strength - largely discounted the possibility of Japanese espionage, spy American disagreement on who to focus on: Japan or Germany? - Japan first largely supported by Republicans, the west/midwest, and the Navy - Germany first largest supported by Democrats, the East, and the Army - FDR: Germany most important but fight the Japanese at the same time.

Tripartite

Called for a declaration of war against any power not already involved in the European war or the China Incident if that power attacked Germany, Italy, or Japan

Potsdam declaration

Called for unconditional surrender of Japan or else (atomic bombs)

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Concept was that under Japan's leadership Western imperialism in the region would be ended, giving rise to a cooperative economic order that would benefit all oppressed Asians in the region. Japan wanted its own empire. All people of Asia were bound together by natural affinity, unity, and commonality. Believed they should carry the 'yellow man's burden' Offered a solution to their problems !!!!!Real Goal: gain resources from other states!!!!!

Battle of Midway

Final Japanese offensive in the Pacific - attempt to destroy US aircraft carriers in the mid-pacific; a decisive US victory - considered the Major turning point of the war.

Comfort Women

Forced prostituted, were stolen from their homes, raped numerous times

China Incident

Japan never officially declared war on China- called it the "____________"hoping to prevent foreign intervention. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began on September 18, 1931, when the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria immediately following the Mukden Incident. The Japanese established a puppet state called Manchukuo, and their occupation lasted until the end of World War II.

Battle of Coral Sea

Japan wanted to capture Port Moresby, New Guinea, to get bases within striking distance of Australia; large naval - first naval battle fought without being in sight of each other; Allies lost more tonnage by were able to stop the Japanese drive on Australia.

Operation Z

Japan's plan to attack Pearl Harbor, sent tourist to Hawaii to spy on the naval base. Took photos, gave to consult.

Marco Polo Bridge Incident "start of the war"

July 7, 1937: clash on the _____________ Bridge The access between Northern China and Beijing Done by kwantung army

Island Hopping

Jumping between islands used up Japanese soldiers to protect those islands

Unit 731

Nasty experimentation on POW

Hideki Tojo

October 16: Konoe resigned and was replaced by General ______ as prime minister Us took it as a sign that Japan intended on going to war, especially when Tojo kept the post of War Minister and made himself Minister of Home Affairs ______ created a "War Cabinet" to discuss Japan's options: Avoid war at all costs and give in to US demands Decide on war now and end diplomatic negotiations Decide on war now but continue diplomatic negotiations Navy and Foreign Ministry were concerned about a long-term war and favored continued negotiations until at least March of 1942

Operation Downfall

Planned invasion of Japan before end of WW2 but was not needed because of atomic bombs.

Japanese-American relocation

Reasons - west coast was interned but Hawaii was not because they were integrated. Executive Order 9066 - Feb 19: authorized military commanders to establish military areas and gave them authorization to exclude "enemy aliens", whether citizen of not, from those areas.

Arsenal of democracy

Slogan used by FDR addressing the need for help on the home front for the allies. US vs Japanese economic mobilization and strength - US: moved to city to work in factory, teenage workforce, building 6 ships a day - Japan: farmers could not move to cities to work, government took control and ruined everything Role of women: - US: women joined the workforce, recycling drives, women in workforce increased 4 million - Japan: reluctant to mobilize women, still wanted them to have babies.

Battle of Corregidor

The Japanese invasion of the Philippines

Why drop the Atomic Bomb?

The Kamikaze opened up morals of atomic bombing which caused the Americans to feel Japanese Civilian casualties could be justified

Wang Jingwei

The Occupation of China March 1940 established a puppet regime in Nanjing led by___________- The Reorganized National Government of China Ruled 'all of China' and presented as the rightful successor of Sun Yat-sen Commander of the Japanese army chief advisor to the government Adopted Japanese economic policies- zaibatsu opened in China, adopted the money, manual labor, Japanization Policy: Chinese encourages to adopt Japanese names, Shintoism, bow to Japanese.

Hull Note

The ________ was the final proposal delivered to the Empire of Japan by the United States before the attack on Pearl Harbor and the declaration of war between the two nations

Rape of Nanking

The _______________________ was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing, then the capital of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The massacre occurred over a period of six weeks starting on December 13, 1937, the day that the Japanese captured Nanking. During this period, soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army murdered Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants who numbered an estimated 40,000 to over 300,000, and perpetrated widespread rape and looting.

War Crimes

Unit 731, Comfort Women, and the treatment of POWs

Moral Embargo

Us companied agreed not to sell anything to Japan that could be used against civilians in war ---- control Japan through trade - for the japanese, this was a declaration of war.

ABCD Line

We were joined by British, Chinese, and the Dutch Backed Japan into a corner - in 1940 80% of all Japanese oil came from the US, meaning Japan had roughly 1.5 years of reserves left

USS Panay Incident

evacuating American citizens from Nanjing when it was attacked by Japanese aircraft and sunk, killing three americans - japan claimed it was a mistake, apologized, and paid the US 2 million dollars. - led to the establishment of an uneasy truce between the US and Japan over China- Japan's aggressive behavior was threatening US interests in Asia.

Battle of Leyte Gulf

stop the drive on the Philippines

Pearl Harbor Failures

was a short term success - american productivity quickly repaired or replaced the damaged planes and ships (Three ships were back in action in a month) - none of the aircraft carriers were destroyed - fuel storage tanks were not destroyed -ship repair yards were not destroyed - no American submarines were damaged - it rallied the nation against Japan