ZOOL 1090 EXAM 3

The cells labeled "B" are called

Astrocytes

Which portion of the brain is indicated by "E"?

Cerebellum

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrum?

autonomic control

Sensory information enters the spinal cord through the

dorsal root

A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels and moves the membrane potential toward the resting membrane potential result in ___________?

hyperpolarization

The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon directly results in the ________.

release of a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal.

Face recognition is carried out by the

right cerebral hemisphere.

The skeletal muscles are innervated by the ________ nervous system

somatic

The ability to read is developed in the

visual association area.

During continuous conduction,

local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane.

The brain region that automatically regulates heart rate and blood pressure is called the

medulla oblongata.

Scavenger phagocytic cells in the central nervous system are called

microglia.

Where are you most likely to find this type of neuron? (Bipolar)

special sense organs

The structure that allows a single neuron to communicate with several other cells is a(n)

collateral axon

Which of the following structures is the most superficial?

dura mater

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by

oligodendrocytes.

Which neuroglial cells within the CNS produce, monitor and circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal cells

The highlighted structure controls the ________, which secretes many hormones.

Hypothalamus

Which neuron structure is depicted here?

Multipolar

An increase of positive charges flowing into cell will result in __________.

depolarization

Communication in the nervous system depends largely upon changes in the potential difference across the membranes of neurons. In the resting neuron, the membrane potential is largely a result of differential permeability of the membrane to the ions Na+ and K+, charged particles that can cross the hydrophobic membrane only via pumps or channels. The cell maintains differences in concentration of these two ions between the intracellular and extracellular sides of the membrane by the activity of the sodium -potassium exchange pump, an active transport pump that transports sodium and potassium across the membrane. Which of these statements is correct regarding the function of this pump?

The pump moves three Na+ ions out of the cell for every two K+ ions pumped into the cell; this maintains a membrane potential of about -70mV ( negative charge on the inside of the membrane and positive charge on the outside.)

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

VII

All EXCEPT which of the following are shown in a cross section through a region of the spinal cord?

White matter surrounded by gray matter

The major divisions of the nervous system are

central and peripheral

Which of the following parts of the brain is not matched correctly with its function?

cerebrum: adjusting blood pressure

Identify the cranial nerve.

Olfactory nerve

Sequence the following steps in the order that in which an action potential occurs. (1) Sodium enters the cell. (2) Cell is repolarized. (3) Voltage-gated sodium channels close as voltage-gated potassium channels open. (4) Cell is depolarized. (5) A stimulus arrives. (6) Potassium leaves the cell. (7) Voltage-gated sodium channels open

5,7,1,4,3,6,2

Which of these statements regarding the production and propagation of an action potential is INCORRECT?

At a synapse, the presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, which attaches to receptors most commonly located on the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron (receiving neuron). This sets up an action potential in the cell body of the postsynaptic neuron, which is propagated through the cell body and down the axon of the postsynaptic neuron.

The all-or-none principle states that

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.

Unlike neurons, neuroglia are ________.

capable of cell division