021 - Chapter 21 - Praxis 5039 (Chapter Test)

What do we call two or more words that relate to each other?

A phrase; Explanation We refer to two or more words that relate to each other as a phrase.

Which of the following sentences does NOT start with a noun phrase?

Arms crossed across her chest, the teacher addressed the class. Explanation This sentence starts with an absolute phrase.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a phrase in writing?

dependent; Explanation Dependent is a type of clause, not phrase.

Identify the verb or verbs in the following sentence: The brazen criminal shot his way through the police barricade.

shot; Explanation In this case, shot is the verb that helps describe the action of the subject 'criminal'.

Which type of sentence might have an implied subject?

imperative; Explanation There is no stated subject in imperative sentences, which is the main person or object doing the action. Often in imperative sentences, the subject is the implied 'you.'

Which of the following corrects the following mixed structure sentence? ''Although I need to go grocery shopping, but I don't have time.''

Although I need to go grocery shopping, I don't have time. Explanation ''Although I need to go grocery shopping, I don't have time.'' corrects the error without creating a run-on sentence.

Why is the word 'who' important to the following dependent clause? ''The man who had it all eventually lost everything.''

Because it is a relative pronoun that connects the dependent clause 'who had it all'. Explanation 'Who had it all' is the dependent clause, and 'who' is the relative pronoun within in it. This is a type of an dependent clause called an adjective clause. 'The man eventually lost everything' is the independent clause.

Check the parallelism of the following sentence. Choose the answer that best corrects the problem. He sat down at the table expecting to order, eat, and be enjoying his meal alone.

Change be enjoying to enjoy. Explanation When dealing with items in a series, you need to match the verb forms throughout the sentence.

Which of the following corrects this mixed structure sentence? ''Because you want your writing to be the best it can be, is why you should avoid mixed structure sentences.''

If you want your writing to be the best it can be, you should avoid mixed structure sentences. Explanation The phrase ''is why'' is redundant and makes the sentence a mixed structure sentence.

Which of these describes the problem with the following sentence? Looking for his favorite pair of glasses.

It is a sentence fragment. Explanation A sentence fragment is just another term for 'incomplete sentence.'

Which sentence is a declarative one?

Learning types of sentences is fun. Explanation Remember that declarative sentences are simple statements usually with one main idea. Therefore, 'learning types of sentences is fun', would be declarative because it is simply stating an idea.

Choose the most correct statement regarding parallel structure in a series of items.

Parallel structure in a series often highlights verb tenses that agree. Explanation When writing parallel sentences, you want to make sure that your verb tenses are the same. Remember to look on either side of the conjunction or connecting phrase to make sure the that forms match.

Which is an imperative sentence?

Please walk the dog. Explanation Remember that the purpose of imperative sentences is to give an order or tell someone to do something. Therefore, 'please walk the dog,' is imperative because it is giving a command.

How can the following mixed structure sentence be corrected? ''The instructor she taught us how to punctuate sentences correctly.''

Removing the pronoun 'she'. Explanation Without she, the sentence ''The instructor taught us how to punctuate sentences correctly.'' is no longer a mixed structure sentence.

When using coordinating conjunctions like but, and, or and so, writers should _____.

edit to make the words on either side of the conjunction parallel; Explanation When using coordinating conjunctions, you have to look at the words on either side of the conjunction to see if they are parallel.

Which type of sentence shows strong emotion?

exclamatory; Explanation The purpose of exclamatory sentences is to show excitement and intense feeling, which is why an exclamation mark is an appropriate end mark.

Which of the choices is an INCORRECT way to fix the following sentence? Jones is a terrific agent she is the best marksman we have.

Put a comma after 'agent' Explanation Adding a comma after 'agent' is a comma splice and creates a run-on sentence. All of the other options will work.

How can the following mixed structure sentence be corrected? ''From looking at the textbook helped me understand my mistakes.''

Removing 'From' (Don't forget to capitalize 'Looking' as it is now the first word in the sentence.) Explanation Without 'From', the sentence ''Looking at the textbook helped me understand my mistakes.'' is no longer a mixed structure sentence.

Why is business the only subject in the following sentence? The business with the casino owner and the oil tycoon was shady.

Because it corresponds to the verb 'was shady' .Explanation This is an example of a simple sentence with only one subject - 'business'.

Check the parallelism of the following sentence. Choose the answer that best corrects the problem. Although he enjoyed running and to play baseball, he decided to try out for volleyball instead.

Change to play baseball to playing baseball. Explanation When writing parallel sentences, you also want to make sure your verb tenses are the same. As before, remember to look on either side of the conjunction or connecting phrase to make sure the forms match.

Which of the following sentences has multiple subjects?

He and his wife waited and waited for any good news. Explanation Sentences can also have more than one verb, more than one subject, or multiple pairs of subjects and verbs.

What is wrong with the following sentence? Most of the movies I like don't have a lot of explosions, sometimes I like horror movies though.

It has a comma splice. Explanation A comma splice occurs any time a comma is inserted between two main clauses without a coordinating conjunction to connect them.

Which of the following sentences does NOT contain a verb phrase?

Missy arrived at the movies. Explanation In this example, arrived is an action verb. It only happens once.

Which of the following sentences is NOT grammatically correct?

You insult my honor I am challenging you to a duel. [NOT GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT] Explanation The sentence has no coordinating conjunction or form of punctuation, making it grammatically incorrect.

With regard to education and schooling, what does research mean?

an investigation or study of a particular topic in order to draw some sort of conclusion; Explanation This is the correct definition for research. In an educational setting, you choose a single topic to investigate in order to draw a conclusion or make a point about it.

What is the correct order of the 5 steps to selecting and refining a research topic?

brainstorm, preliminary research, analyze research, plan for the project, thesis; Explanation This is the correct order of the 5 steps. You need to start with a general list of brainstormed ideas, narrow it down through preliminary research and analysis, and then refine your idea to a specific aim. The final step is to write a thesis statement.

Which step involves writing down any ideas that come into your head?

brainstorm; Explanation To brainstorm is the first step to choosing a topic. This involves writing down all ideas you can think of that have to do with the prompt or assignment you are given.

Identify the subject(s) of the following sentence: He didn't know the mob boss paid off the cop.

he; mob boss; Explanation To find the subject(s), you first identify the verbs. The verbs are didn't know and paid. Then ask who is doing the action - Who didn't know? Who paid? This gives you your answers - he and mob boss.

Identify the verb or verbs in the following sentence: She poured a drink for herself and took a very long sip.

poured; took; Explanation This is a form of sentence which has multiple verbs in it, poured and took.

What end mark is used for interrogative sentences?

question mark; Explanation Interrogatives must end in a question mark.

Which of the following is NOT a noun phrase?

the small, dark alley a boy teeth grinding Beth's car these are all noun phrases; Explanation All of these are noun phrases. They all contain a subject and a the words that modify it.

Which step involves writing one statement that contains your main idea and the purpose of the project?

thesis; Explanation The final step in selecting and refining a topic for a research project is to write a thesis, which is the statement that declares your main idea for the whole project. This is necessary in order to maintain a clear focus throughout the project.

What is wrong with the following sentence? Clint didn't talk much he just stared you down with cold, dead eyes.

It is a regular run-on sentence. Explanation A run-on sentence, or fused sentence, is a sentence that's missing the right punctuation to make it flow properly.

During which step do you narrow your ideas down to only one topic?

preliminary research; Explanation During the brainstorm stage, you write down many ideas and then narrow it down to a few. The next step is to do some preliminary research to see which one topic is the best to choose.

How does a dependent clause differ from an independent clause?

A dependent clause isn't a complete sentence on its own, while an independent clause can be a stand-alone sentence. Explanation An independent clause consists of a subject and a verb that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause, on the other hand, isn't a complete sentence on its own.

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?

I survived the shipwreck; incidentally, I am an excellent swimmer. Explanation This is the only sentence which has proper punctuation, a semicolon prior to incidentally and a comma afterward.

Which of the following sentences is written correctly?

This dog looks funny, but that's just my opinion, isn't it? Explanation The correct sentence is 'This dog looks funny, but that's just my opinion, isn't it?' The two that start with 'determining' and 'finding' are sentence fragments, and the 'This dog has no problem...' is a run-on sentence.

Which of the following correctly lists the coordinating conjunctions?

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Explanation The easiest way to remember the coordinating conjunctions is through the acronym FANBOYS.

Check the parallelism of the following sentence. Choose the answer that best corrects the problem. We neither had money nor enough time to escape.

We had neither enough money nor enough time to escape. Explanation The structures directly following the conjunctions have to match and that's the important lesson about parallel structure.

Which of the following is an example of a mixed structure sentence error?

Because I stayed up late last night studying, is why I will do well on my exam. Explanation While some other examples are not grammatically correct or even sentences (and one is a compound sentence), only this is an example of a mixed structure sentence: Because I stayed up late last night studying is why I will do well on my exam.