04 Appendicular Skeleton Part 5

Tibia

articulates with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur to form the knee; the proximal end articulates with the femur at the knee, and articulates with the fibula both proximally, distally

Fibula

articulates with tibia both proximally, distally

Femur

articulates with the acetabulum via a ball and socket join (allows the most freedom of movement of any joint)

Medial condyle (of tibia)

articulates with the femur to form the knee joint (M)

Tibial tuberosity

the attachment for the patellar ligament from the quadriceps muscles of the thigh; on the anterior surface of the tibia

Adduction (of femur)

the femur is brought toward the body; medially

Flexion (of femur)

the femur is moved anteriorly

Abduction (of femur)

the femur is moved away from the body, laterally

Extension (of femur)

the femur is moved posteriorly

Rotation (of femur)

the femur is spun within the acetabulum

Tibiofibular (proximal and distal)

the fibula articulates with the tibia both proximally, distally, and throughout its length through an interosseous membrane (these connections are immobile)

Knee joint

the join of the distal articular surface of the femur articulates with the tibia and the patella; a hinge joint from the tibia articulates with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur; flexion and extension are the primary movements of the tibia, and a small degree of rotation occurs in knee-locking; flexion and extension

Lateral (external) rotation (of femur)

the opposite motion as medial rotation; the knee is rotated outward

Head (of femur)

the part of femur articulates with the acetabulum

Medial (internal) rotation (of femur)

this action rotates the knee inward

Lateral condyle

(of femur) articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint (L)

Medial condyle

(of femur) articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint (M)

Lateral malleolus

(of the fibula) supports the ankle laterally

Medial malleolus

(of the tibia) provides medial support of the ankle

Lateral condyle (of tibia)

articulate with the femur to form the knee joint (L)

Hip

a ball and socket joint via the femur articulates with the acetabulum; it allows the most freedom of movement of any joint; because its deeper socket, it is more stable and less mobile than the glenoid joint; abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, (medial and lateral) rotation

Greater trochanter

a large eminence for the attachment of lateral rotators

Lesser trochanter

a large eminence for the attachment of the hip flexors

Patella

a small bone that facilitates extension of the knee by providing better leverage; contained within the quadriceps

Patellar surface

allows the patella to glide superiorly and inferiorly on the anterior femur

Head (of fibula)

head of fibula

Neck (of femur)

it angle downward and somewhat laterally; it contains two large eminences below for the attachment of leg muscles