#1

Arrange the following events in the correct order of occurrence after a bone is broken. 1. osteoblasts produce ossification 2. hematoma formation 3. internal fibrocartilage callus and external bone-cartilage callus formation 4. woven bone is remodeled to form compact bone

2,3,1,4

Given these passageways: 1. canaliculi 2. central (haversian) canal 3. blood vessels in periosteum 4. perforating (Volkmann's) canal Which of these represents the correct order as nutrients pass from outside the bone to the osteocytes?

3,4,2,1

Given these zones within the epiphyseal plate: 1. zone of calcification 2. zone of hypertrophy 3. zone of proliferation 4. zone of resting cartilage Arrange them in the correct order, from the epiphysis to the diaphysis.

4,3,2,1

Which of these statements concerning bone growth are correct?

A) Increased amounts of testosterone and estrogen cause a rapid increase in bone growth.

In compact bone, the Haversian canals go the length of the bone. What are the connectors from one Haversian canal to another?

A) Volkmann's canals

Bones are

A) cartilage B) connective tissues C) organs D) All of the above. - CORRECT

The end of a long bone is referred to as the

A) epiphysis

Which of the following is classified as a long bone?

A) phalanx

The bone formed by endochondral ossification is called _____________ bone.

A) replacement

Which of these bone types is NOT matched with the correct example?

B) short bone-clavicle

Which portion of a long bone stores yellow marrow in adults?

B) the medullary cavity

The lattice of spongy bone, consisting of plates, rods and spines, is called

B) trabeculae

One of the functions of bone is "electrolyte balance." Which of the following best represents this role?

Bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed.

Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone?

C) collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite

If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?

C) it becomes soft and rubbery

The outer layer of bone, composed of dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves is called

C) periosteum.

Which of the following fractures is a fracture of the distal radius and/or ulna?

Colle's

Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone?

D) central (haversian) canals

Fetal bone tissue that has collagen fibers randomly oriented in many directions is

D) woven bone.

Which of these statements is NOT true regarding bone?

Osteocytes are connected to each other by Volkmann's canals.

__________ are stem cells that have the ability to become osteoblasts or chondroblasts.

Osteoprogenitor cells

An osteon (Haversian system) is actually

a Haversian canal and its lamellae

Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone?

a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte

A developmental disorder in which the pituitary produces excess growth hormone and the patient grows abnormally large is known as

acromegaly

Endochondral ossification ends at what age?

adulthood

Secondary ossification centers

are located in the epiphysis of the bone.

The center of an osteon is known as a Haversian canal. What passes through the center of the canal?

blood and nerves

Which of these connective tissue types has proteoglycans in its matrix?

cartilage

Sharpey's fibers, located on the periphery of a bone, are

collagen fibers from ligaments that attach to bone

Which of the following fractures refers to a fracture of a bone in multiple pieces?

comminuted

Which of the following fractures goes all the way through a bone, but does not break it into multiple pieces?

complete

An injury that occurs to vertebrae when they are flattened is known as a

compression fracture

Which of these structures is found within an osteon?

concentric lamella

The shaft of a bone is known as the

diaphysis

Endochondral ossification begins at what age?

during fetal development

Which of the following is a squamous epithelium that lines the medullary cavity of a bone to begin the formation of marrow?

endosteum

Once an endochondral bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has a ___________ where the old epiphyseal plate existed

epiphyseal line

The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the

epiphyseal plate

The ends of long bones are called

epiphyses.

Intramembranous ossification results in the formation of bones that belong to which class of bones?

flat bones of the clavicle and skull

The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where the bone grows longer is the zone of

hypotrophy

Which of the following fractures is often referred to as being a "greenstick" fracture?

incomplete

Which of the following types of bone develops out of a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold?

intramembranous

Cancellous bone has spaces within that are deigned for the housing of

marrow and blood vessels

If a 12 year old were to fracture their epiphyseal plate, the result of the damage could be that the bone

may stop growing at the plate

The epiphyseal plate is located in the

metaphysis

Passing through the periostum of bones are arteries, veins, and

nerves

The epiphyseal plate is the zone of

new growth for endochondral ossification

The term "appositional growth" refers to bone growth that occurs

on the surface of cartilage, bone or older bone

Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which very brittle bones are produced that result in many fractures?

osteogenesis imperfecta

Which of these disorders is caused by a bacterium?

osteomyelitis

Which of the following bone disorders is a deadly bone tumor?

osteosarcoma

A tissue that surrounds a long bone, made of a double layer of connective tissue, is referred to as the

periosteum

In endochondral ossification, the perichondrium that surrounded the hyaline cartilage becomes

periosteum.

The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where chondrocytes mature and enlarge is the zone of

proliferation

Insufficient vitamin C in a diet may result in a condition known as

scurvy

Which of these locations does NOT contain red marrow in an adult?

skull

Cancellous bone is often referred to as _____________ bone.

spongy

What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity?

spongy bone

Examples of bones that are "irregular" in shape are

vertebrae and some skull bones (sphenoid bone from scull)