1 Pediatric GI/GU Problems/Mobility

A mother calls the doctor's office and tells the nurse that she is concerned because her 4-month-old keeps "spitting up" with every feeding. What would indicate that the child is regurgitating as opposed to vomiting? a. Only occurs with feeding b. Is projected 1 ft away from infant c. Is curdled and extremely sour smelling d. Continues until stomach is empty

a. Only occurs with feeding

The nurse is teaching a health and wellness course to young women of childbearing age. Which vitamin will the nurse encourage all to take daily? a. Ascorbic acid b. Folic acid c. Niacin d. Calcium

b. Folic acid

A 3-year-old child is exhibiting irritability, fever, and decreased appetite. A recent history of which of the following would make the nurse suspicious of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? a. lymphadenopathy b. abdominal pain c. rash d. leg pain

b. abdominal pain

A pediatric client is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) of the kidney this afternoon. Which situation would require immediate attention by the nurse? a. The child is diapered. b. The child's appetite is poor. c. The child does not have intravenous access. d. The child is unable to ambulate.

c. The child does not have intravenous access. how tf are they gonna have an IV pyelogram without an IV

A pediatric nurse is providing care to several children. The nurse is reviewing the assessment findings for each of the children. Which finding requires the nurse to intervene? a. 9-month-old infant who can pull self up to a standing position b. 14-month-old toddler who walks with a parent's assistance c. 24-month-old toddler who engages in parallel play d. 3-year-old preschool-aged child who goes up stairs on hands and knees

d. 3-year-old preschool-aged child who goes up stairs on hands and knees

The nurse is caring for an infant born at 34 weeks' gestation who has developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). When meeting the infant's nutritional needs, which type of supplies will be needed? a. an intravenous pole and pump for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) b. a gastric tube for regularly scheduled gavage feedings c. a nasogastric tube and a watch for use with "trophic feeds" d. an oral syringe for oral breastfeeding

a. an intravenous pole and pump for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) The nurse gathers intravenous supplies for the administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN should be administered to preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In NEC, there is acute inflammation of the bowel associated with ischemia. This can lead to bowel necrosis and perforation.

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has undergone surgery to repair a hernia. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for this client? a. assisting with early ambulation to facilitate peristalsis b. restricting fluids to prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance c. encouraging shallow breathing to protect the incision d. using nonpharmacologic interventions for pain management to prevent constipation

a. assisting with early ambulation to facilitate peristalsis

The nurse is reviewing the history of a 3-year-old child diagnosed with cerebral palsy as an infant. Which factor from the child's health history would the nurse identify as placing this child at risk for this condition? a. birth at 26 weeks' gestation b. birth weight 7 lb 2 oz (3,231 g) c. singleton birth d. paternal history of seizure disorder

a. birth at 26 weeks' gestation

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with hydronephrosis. Which manifestation is consistent with complications of the disorder? a. hypertension b. hypotension c. hypothermia d. tachycardia

a. hypertension Complications of hydronephrosis include renal insufficiency, hypertension, and eventually renal failure. Hypotension, hypothermia, and tachycardia are not associated with hydronephrosis.

The nurse is caring for a 1-year-old client with nephritis. The nurse is giving an IV antibiotic to the client. Which of the following is the most important documentation for the nurse to include for this client? a. the amount of solution infused on the I and O record b. the infusion length of time on the MAR c. the end time of the infusion on the MAR d. the method of infusion used (piggyback, infusion pump) on the MAR

a. the amount of solution infused on the I and O record

Which cause of pediatric enuresis must be ruled out before psychological causes are investigated? Select all that apply. a. urinary tract infection b. small bladder capacity c. stress incontinence d. lack of awareness e. cognitive dysfunction

a. urinary tract infection b. small bladder capacity d. lack of awareness

The nurse is preparing to perform a neurologic assessment on a 2-year-old child at a well-child visit. How will the nurse begin the assessment? a. while the child is in the caregiver's lap b. with the child seated at rest on the examination table c. by picking up the child from the caregiver's lap d. offering a variety of toys of the child to play with

a. while the child is in the caregiver's lap

When providing diaper care to an infant after pyloric stenosis surgery, which approach is indicated? a. Diapers should be folded so that the incision line is well covered to prevent infection. b. Diapers should be folded so that the incision line does not become contaminated. c. Diapers should not be used. Sterile diapers should be used. d. Sterile diapers should be used.

b. Diapers should be folded so that the incision line does not become contaminated.

The newborn was diagnosed with esophageal atresia and a nasogastric tube was inserted. Which findings are most consistent with this condition? Select all that apply. a. The newborn's mouth was very dry. b. The newborn coughed excessively during attempts to feed. c. The newborn's skin was very jaundiced. d. Coarse crackles were auscultated throughout all lung fields. e. X-ray revealed that the nasogastric tube was coiled in the upper esophagus.

b. The newborn coughed excessively during attempts to feed. d. Coarse crackles were auscultated throughout all lung fields. e. X-ray revealed that the nasogastric tube was coiled in the upper esophagus.

A child in renal failure develops hyperkalemia because of poor glomerular function. Which of the following would the nurse expect to administer? a. sodium and increased fluid b. glucose and insulin c. a diet high in fruit juice d. a fluid high in calcium

b. glucose and insulin Administering insulin and glucose helps potassium move into cells with the glucose, lowering the circulatory potassium level.

Pyloric stenosis has been diagnosed in a 3-week-old male infant who has frequent vomiting after feedings. An important preoperative nursing intervention is: a. reducing vomiting by feeding small amounts of clear liquids or breast milk frequently. b. maintaining NPO status while restoring hydration and electrolyte balance. c. assessing the abdomen hourly for distention and bowel sounds. d. providing adequate pain control.

b. maintaining NPO status while restoring hydration and electrolyte balance.

The nurse is providing care to a child with an intussusception. The child has a bowel movement and the nurse inspects the stool. The nurse would most likely document the stool's appearance as having what quality? a. Greasy b. Clay-colored c. Currant jelly-like d. Bloody

c. Currant jelly-like The child with intussusception often exhibits currant jelly-like stools that may or may not be positive for blood. Greasy stools are associated with celiac disease. Clay-colored stools are observed with biliary atresia. Bloody stools can be seen with several gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease.

A parent brings a 2-year-old child to the health clinic with reports of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The father tells the nurse that he is a single parent and his child is enrolled in a local day care center. Based on this information, what gastrointestinal condition might the nurse suspect? a. Appendicitis b. Pancreatitis c. Gastroenteritis d. Hirschsprung disease

c. Gastroenteritis

The nurse determines that interventions for a voiding disorder have been effective when the family of a child with enuresis demonstrates evidence of which of the following? a. Parents take the child for surgery. b. Parents/family accept the child and the voiding disorder. c. Parents/family use positive coping mechanisms in response to the child and the voiding disorder. d. Parents administer medications for enuresis.

c. Parents/family use positive coping mechanisms in response to the child and the voiding disorder.

A 7-year-old child with cerebral palsy comes to the clinic for an evaluation. The child is prescribed medications to address muscle spasticity and seizures. When assessing the child's mouth, which condition would the nurse associate with the child's medication regimen? a. malocclusion b. enamel erosion c. gingival hyperplasia d. multiple dental caries

c. gingival hyperplasia Although enamel defects and malocclusion are common dental problems in children with cerebral palsy, the child is receiving anticonvulsant therapy, which can lead to gingival hyperplasia. Dental caries are unrelated to the child's diagnosis or medication therapy.

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 9-month-old infant with a suspected neuromuscular disorder. Which finding would warrant further evaluation? a. presence of symmetrical spontaneous movement b. absence of Moro reflex c. absence of tonic neck reflex d. presence of Moro reflex

d. presence of Moro reflex The persistence of a primitive reflex in a 9-month-old would warrant further evaluation. Symmetrical spontaneous movement and absence of the Moro and tonic neck reflexes are expected in a normally developing 9-month-old child.