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Cardiac muscle are distinguished based upon which three features? list them: Location- presence or absence of striations- type of control-

Location: composes the wall of the heart; presence or absence of striations: cardiac muscle is striated type of control: involuntary and controlled by the neurons in the autonomic nervous system.

Muscle has four properties:

(1) Electrical excitability - the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing action potentials (impulses). (2) Contractility is the ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated by an action potential. (3) Extensibility is the ability of muscular tissue to stretch, within limits, without being damaged. (4) Elasticity is the ability of muscular tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension.

During muscle contractions a considerable amount of _______ is used and these reactions require _________, ____________, _______________ and other substances delivered by blood to muscle fibers.

ATP oxygen, glucose, fatty acids

A rich blood supply is needed for muscle contractions to:

Deliver oxygen and nutrients Remove heat and waste products from muscle metabolism

What covers skeletal muscle? List all three

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Skeletal muscle are distinguished based upon which three features? list them: Location- presence or absence of striations- type of control-

Location: Skeletal muscle is attached either directly or indirectly to bone presence or absence of striations:Skeletal is striated type of control: Skeletal muscle activity is mainly voluntary (conscious) and controlled by the neurons in the somatic nervous division. Skeletal muscle is also in part controlled subconsciously.

smooth muscle are distinguished based upon which three features? list them: Location- presence or absence of striations- type of control-

Location: smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow internal structures and in the skin, attached to hair follicles. presence or absence of striations: smooth muscle is non-striated. type of control: smooth muscle activities are involuntary and controlled by the neurons in the autonomic nervous system.

Explain contraction and relaxation in muscle due to regulatory proteins:

Relaxed muscle, tropomyosin blocks myosin from binding to actin. Tropomyosin strands are held in place by troponin. In order to achieve muscle contraction

_________ filaments are larger in diameter and composed mostly of the protein myosin.

Thick

_____________ filaments are smaller in diameter and composed mostly of the protein, actin.

Thin

List two contractile proteins:

actin and myosin

What do contractile protein do?

actin and myosin, slide past each other in an increasing manner to shorten sarcomeres a increase in contractile protein shortening the entire muscle a decrease in contractile protein relaxes the entire muscle

How are muscle distinguished? Based upon three features?

location, presence or absence of striations, and type of control

The four general functions of muscle tissue are:

to produce body movements, to stabilize body positions, to store and move substances within the body, and to generate heat.

List two regulatory proteins and what they create together?

tropomyosin and troponin, control the formation of actin-myosin cross-bridges.