11th Chemistry Test 12(Revised)
Which of the following is the best reason two nonmetals tend to form covalent bonds to gain an octet?
having almost full valence shells tends to result in the sharing of electrons
Which of the following is not a colligative property?
heat conductivity
What is the term for a reaction that involves the splitting of water molecules?
hydrolysis
what term refers to compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms?
isomers
includes the compound acetone
ketones
In stoichiometry, what term refers to the reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed?
limiting reactants
What is a situation in which the core of a nuclear reactor overheats and causes the fuel to melt through the bottom of the containment vessel?
meltdown
What is a nucleotide?
molecule consisting of nitrogen containing base, a sugar and one or more phosphate group
Consider the following exothermic reaction: 5CO₂(g)+I₂(g)⇌I₂O₅(s)+5CO₂(g) Will adding I₂O₅(s) to this system shift the equilibrium? Why or why not?
no; adding a solid does not shift the equilibrium
What type of covalent bond occurs when electrons are share equally between atoms?
nonpolar bond
What is a specific type of atom described by its atomic number and mass number?
nuclide
What determines the identity of an element?
number of protons
What is an electronic device that measures the pH of a solution by measuring the electric current generated when a pair of electrodes is immersed in the solution?
pH meter
What type of bond forms when amino acids polymerize?
peptide bond
What is the term for an aromatic alcohol in which on or more hydroxyl groups are attached directly to a benzene ring?
phenol
What type of molecule, consisting of two fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule and a phosphate group, is an important component of cell membranes?
phospholipid
The element that exists as red and white allotropes is sulfur
phosphorus
Which class of polymers is formed by esterification reactions and is commonly used in clothing fibers?
polyesters
What is a double-displacement reaction in which aqueous compounds exchange ion to form an insolublesolid?
precipitation reaction
What value must be constant for the change in a system's enthalpy (∆H) to equal the heat(Q)?
pressure
What effect does increasing the pressure have on the following equilibrium system? 2CO(g)+O₂(g)⇌2CO₂(g)
shifts to the right
What is the SI unit of biological dose equivalent?
sievert
Which of the following is the best reason that proton-transfer reactions favor the formation of weak acids and bases?
strong acids and bases have weak conjugate bases and acids
When writing an ionic equation, which of the following types of substances is written as separated ions?
strong bases
What term describes a solution that contains more solute than it could under equilibrium conditions?
supersaturated
What is the technique of determining an unknown solution's concentration by adding a standard solution to it until the reaction is complete?
titration
What is the term for elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table?
transition metals
A molecule's central atom has three single bonds and one nonbonding electron pair; what is the molecule's shape?
trigonal pyramidal
Organic compounds tend to be insoluble in water
true
The process in which an element in a reaction loses electrons is oxidation
true
What is the periodic trend for increasing electronegativity?
up and to the right
What is the partial pressure at which a substance's liquid and vapor phases are in equilibrium?
vapor pressure
What group consist of relatively simple polymers formed from monomers having double bonds between carbon atoms?
vinyl polymers
What type of electrochemical cell uses a spontaneous redox reaction to produce an electric current?
voltaic(cell)
Are the following structures isomers? Why or why not?
yes; they have the same molecular formula
What is the missing particle in the following nuclear reaction? ²²⁷₈₉Ac→?+²²⁷₉₀Th
⁰₋₁e
What crystal arrangement is also called cubic close packing?
face-centered cubic
Which halogen is the most reactive element?
fluorine
What technique is used to separate the various components of petroleum?
fractional distillation
A nuclear reaction that involves combining two smaller atomic nuclei into one larger nucleus is a fission reaction
fusion
What type of nuclear decay occurs when an unstable atom emits electromagnetic waves of very high frequency and energy?
gamma decay
What is the length of time for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to decay into a new substance?
half-life
Which periodic property determines whether an ionic or a covalent bond will form between two elements?
electronegativity
What is the oxidation state of Mn in KMnO₄?₄
+7
What is the pH of a 0.053 mol/L solution of HNO₃?
1.28
what is the amount concentration of solution prepare by dissolving 0.326 mol MgSO₄ to make 175 mL solution?
1.86 mol/L
what is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction if at equilibrium, [CO]=0.309mol/L,[O₂]=0.152mol/L and [CO₂]=0.441 mol/L 2CO(g)+O₂(g)⇌2CO₂(g)
13.4
What is name of the following molecule
2,2-dimethylpentane
Aluminum has a standard reduction potential of -1.66V. Nickel has a standard reduction potential of -0.25 V. if voltaic cell was made with half cells using these two metals, which metal undergoes oxidization? How do you know?
AI; a more negative reduction potential indicates a stronger reducing agent
Which of the following is the best reason that aramids are generally stronger that polyamides?
Aramids have delocalized electrons
Which concept of acids and bases defines acids and bases by the ions produced in an aqueous solution?
Arrhenius concept
What law states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a given amount of gas are inversely proportional?
Boyle's law
In the following reaction, which substance is the oxidizing agent? 3CO(g)+ Fe₂O₃(s) -∆→2Fe(I)+3 CO₂(g)
Fe₂O₃(s)
Which of the following is the best reason that DNA bases are paired with hydrogen bonds instead of with covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, allowing the DNA strands to be separated and copied
What is the Ksp expression of barium chloride (BaCI₂)?
Ksp=[Ba²⁺][CI⁻]²
`What is the conjugate acid of NH₃?
NH₄⁺
Is heptan-2-ol or propan-1-ol more soluble in water? How do you know?
Propan-1-ol; it has a shorter nonpolar chain
Which of the following properties characterizes strong acids?
They ionize completely in solution
What is a short-lived, high-energy, unstable arrangement of atoms that forms during a reaction?
activated complex
What is the minimum energy that a molecule must possess if it is to react?
activation energy
group includes the compounds ethanol and glycerol
alcohols
What is the term for amines that occur naturally in plants?
alkaloids
also called the paraffin series
alkanes
compounds undergo addition reactions in which a double bond is broken
alkenes
what is the term for a molecular fragment obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a simple alkane?
alkyl group
What group of hydrocarbons is characterized by one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms?
alkynes
What substance, used as a lightweight structural material, is the most abundant metal?
aluminum
characterized by having a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single bonded to nitrogen
amides
Electrons leave an electrochemical cell through the cathode
anode
group includes benzene
aromatic hydrocarbons
Which quantum number describes the subshell and shape of an orbital?
azimuthal
A pH of 9.2 indicates an acidic substance
basic
What is a solution that keeps the pH relatively constant because it contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid?
buffer
Which of the following reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas?
calcium carbonate
What are the most important energy-producing compounds in a cell?
carbohydrates
What is the name of H₂CO₃, as an acid?
carbonic acid
compounds have the carboxyl group, -COOH
carboxylic acids
The metabolic process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules is anabolism
catabolism
Which metal is frequently used in wiring because of its excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance?
copper
What type of intermolecular force is the attraction between oppositely charged ends of neighboring polar molecules?
dipole-dipole forces
