12.1

The alliance system in Europe was designed to maintain peace. Yet it seemed to make the conflict worse once the fighting began. Explain the apparent inconsistency.

Alliances tend to widen the conflict by involving nations that have no concern with the issues that caused the war. The idea pulled other countries into the war.

Which countries were known as the Allies? Which countries were known as the Central Powers?

Allies: Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain joined later by Italy and Romania. Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary joined later by the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.

How did nationalism contribute to the start of World War I?

One form of nationalism led nations to act in their best interest and ignoring the needs of other nations. Another form is when a group of people wants a nation of their own.

What was the main reason that the United States stayed neutral at the start of World War I

President Wilson wanted to protect American commercial investments overseas

What were two causes of the stalemate in the West?

Similar size and strength of opposing armies; the choice of both sides to dig in and fortify their lines; Germany's early transfer of troops away from France.