12.3 study questions
What three types of cells does the division of the cytotoxic T cells create? What are the functions of each of these three cells?
Active cytotoxic T cells (seeks out and destroys antigen-displaying cells that initiated the immune response) memory cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells (prevents the cellular response from being too strong or too long lasting)
How are active immunity and passive immunity different
Active immunity is when anti-bodies are actively produced by the blood plasma cells of the body and passive immunity comes from anti-bodies received from an outside source
What are three antigen presenting cells
Macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells
when a lymphocyte does meet its antigen, it stimulates the lymphocyte to differentiate. describe the process of differentiation and its purpose
The lymphocyte divides repeatedly, making many copies of itself
How does the secondary immune response connect to the concept of vaccination
The response of the second exposure is larger and faster than the response to the first exposure
What are anti-bodies? How do they interact with antigens?
anti-bodies are proteins that recognize particular antigens with great specificity
What is cellular immunity
cell-mediated immunity; Immunity that arises from the activation of T lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells
what are the two classes of MHC proteins? What do these proteins do?
class I MHC proteins (displays fragments of the many different proteins found inside the cells) and class II MHC proteins (APC breaks down or foreign particles that displays on the surface of class II MHC proteins)
what is humoral immunity
immunity associated with free anti-bodies that circulate in the blood; antibody-mediated immunity
What role does the rough endoplasmic reticulum play in the immune response
large quantities of anti-bodies are made in the RER
How do primary immune response and secondary immune response differ
primary immune response occurs when the body is first exposed to a foreign invader and secondary immune response occurs when the virus or bacteria enters the body for a second time
What is the difference between T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
some lymphocytes travel to the thymus to complete their maturation and some lymphocytes complete their maturation in the bone marrow
What are additional names for the immune system
specific immune system or adaptive immune system
Explain the role of antigens
they identify cells as either "self" or "nonself" cells, thereby making it possible for the body to distinguish between its own cells and any non-self, or foreign, cells.
What do patients born with severe combined immune sufficiency need in order to have a chance to survive
they need to receive a successful bone marrow transplant
