16th Century Northern Europe II: Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands, Art Chinese and korean., Japanese art

Which of the following statements best represents a Humanistic approach?

"If we teach them the right way, they will follow it."

Which of the following were the Vikings known for?

a. using both swords and axes in battle

Which of the following best describes what was happening in Antwerp during the 16th century?

all of the above

Which of the following best describes the steps in the intaglio process?

d. Lines are carved into a surface, ink is applied to the carvings, and then the surface is put through a press with paper.

Who led the Protestant Reformation?

d. Martin Luther

What is chiaroscuro?

d. a painting technique that means light-dark

The Vikings were seamen from which of the following countries?

d. all of the above

Which of the following is an example of Ottonian architecture?

d. all of the above

What artist created this engraving?

d. none of the above

List the three independent nations of the Three Kingdoms period in Korea.

- Stilla - Baekje (Unified Stilla) - Goguryeo

What is a mandala? Describe the attributes and history of mandalas?

A mandala was a hanging scroll used for teaching about deities. The idea was brought to Japan from China by master Kukai from 775 to 835 BCE. Mandalas portrayed the deities in schematic order.

Define the following terms: - effigy - secular - polytheistic

Effigy: A representation of a person, especially in the sculpture form. Secular: The state of being separate from religion. Polytheistic: A belief in, or worship of, many gods.

Woodcut engraving allows for much finer detail than metal engraving. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

F

What unique approach did Bruegel have when it came to painting figures?

He depicted characters not as unique individuals, but rather well observed types that people could relate to from all time periods.

Why is Brunelleschi considered such a significant contributor to Renaissance architecture?

He developed the concept of linear perspective, and he had the ability to solve architectural problems using mathematics.

The style of the "______ Renaissance" was characterized by a sense of gravity and a balance of individual parts to the whole.

High

Esoteric Buddhism art was influenced by polytheistic religions. What was the main characteristic of Esoteric Buddhism art?

In Esoteric Buddhism art, Buddha was still honored, but the Japanese also included many gods as a part of a universal Buddha.

What is seen in the image below?

It is leonardo da vinci vite aerea. It is also a helicopter.

Describe the discovery and importance of this piece of ancient African art.

It was found in the Blombos cave in South Africa and dates back more than 70,000 years. This discovery suggests that abstract thought in humans occurred much earlier than once thought, as seen with the complex geometric array of carved lines.

Who painted the image below?

Pieter Bruegel

What religious denomination was born out of the Reformation?

Protestantism was born out of the Reformation.

What were some of the most common themes present in the artwork from Spain and the Netherlands of the 16th century?

Religion, secular subjects, portraits, landscapes, common everyday subjects, and fantastic imagination

Describe the characteristics of Women's Hand?

Women's hand was characterized by delicate lines, strong muted colors, and asymmetrical compositions. It was created with the intention of having a refined, subtle emotional impact.

In which century were woodcuts and engravings popular art forms?

Woodcuts and engravings popular art forms in the 15th century.

What is the difference between a woodcut and intaglio?

Woodcuts are made from wood, and intaglio involves engraving with metal.

Who was Xie He? What is he known best for?

Xie He was a Chinese writer, historian, and critic. He is best known for his six principles of Chinese painting. The six principles include, spirit resonance, bone method, correspondence to the object, suitability to type, division and planning,t and transmission by copying.

Which of the following best represents El Greco's style based on the painting below?

a combination of iconic Byzantine style and colorful paintings of colorful scenic compositions of Italian painters

The image below is ______________.

a self-portrait

Where was the first publishing house built?

a. England

What was the Oseberg ship used for?

a. a grave ship

According to the information presented in the lecture, which of the following inventions commonly used today was first designed by Leonardo da Vinci?

a. a helicopter

Describe the terracotta soldiers and the emperors tomb.

The terracotta soldiers are made of terracotta. They carried daggers, swords, spears, and axes. The weapons were constructed out of early bronze. The tomb holds horse drawn chariots, although any wooden parts have disintegrated.

Why were the terracotta soldiers created?

The terracotta soldiers we placed there to guard the tomb of Emperor Shihuangdi, a ruthless ruler who united the states of China.

Describe the textiles made by the Kongo people.

The textiles made by the Kongo people were used as forms of currency and in funerary rituals, They used a special technique that resembles velour to the touch.

Who were the three primary art masters of the 16th century?

The three primary art masters of the 16th century were: michelangelo, raphael, leonardo da vinci.

Name the following example of African art and the civilization is it from. How was this figure made?

This figure is entitled, Horseman. It is an example of Jenne art. It was formed by rolls of clay, then engraved with details.

What is this image of Japanese art? What are the main themes of this piece?

This is a Japanese calligraphic poem. The themes humor, love, and sadness.

Above is a picture of one of the most famous discoveries ever to be found in China. Answer the following questions: - What does the picture show? - When and where was it discover? - Who discovered it and what was he doing when he/she discovered it?

This is a picture of the terracotta soldier. It was found in 1974 in China. A peasant discovered it while digging. The pictures shows the tomb of qin shi huang. In 1974, peasants digging a well near the city of Xian, in Shaanxi province, China, stumbled upon a cache of lifesize, terracotta figures of soldiers at what was later determined to be the burial complex of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang (259 B.C.210 B.C.)

From which independent nation of the Three Kingdoms period is this piece of art from? Describe the piece's characteristics.

This piece is from the Stilla nation. It was found in the Old Crown tomb. It is a head dress intended only for burial. It was assembled from thin pieces of gold sheet. The ornaments suggest wings or feathers, although the actual purpose is not known.

What was the Kongo Kingdom after King Nzinga converted the Kingdom to Christianity?

Trade relations increases and were solidified by the conversion of the Kingdom to Christianity. The nation began to create textiles and regalia for trade. This led to the Kingdom becoming wealthy.

What is sfumato?

c. a technique that visually unifies a painting using a thin layer of tinted varnish

The Stave Church in Borgund, Norway is an example of _________________.

c. timber architecture

The image below is an example of a __________________.

chasuble

One major change that occurred during the High Renaissance time period was that artists began to be __________.

commissioned by private sources

Look at the map of Africa below. Name the three ancient discoveries labeled on the map, and the present-day country their history is a part of.

A: Art and architecture from the Jenne people; present-day Mali. B: The Igbo Ukwu site; present-day Nigeria. C: Textiles, regalia, and sculptures of the Kongo Kingdom; present-day M'banza

Name the four main islands of Japan.

A: Hokkaido B: Honshu C: Shikoku D: Kyushu

Which city was considered the financial center of Europe during the 16th century?

Antwerp

How did Antwerp help the economy?

Antwerp served as the commercial and artistic center of the Netherlands. Art became a precious commodity because there was a demand for luxury goods.

Explain the principle of bone method and its significance in China?

Bone method is a way of using a brush, particularly relating to calligraphy. It was significant in China because calligraphy was a highly regarded and honorable skill.

Why did Jenne architecture change by the ninth century?

By the ninth century, Islam became an economic and religious force in West and North Africa. The architecture took on an Islamic style as a result.

Which of the following is an example of the Oseberg ship?

C

Describe ancient Chinese calligraphers.

Calligraphers were disciplined individuals, who would use specific brush strokes and sat in a specific posture. The Chinese believed calligraphy was a spiritual experience.

What are dogu? How were they significant to the Japanese during the Jomon period?

Dogu were small human effigy figures. It is believed that dogu represented the owner and held magic powers that would transfer misfortune to the figure. If the figures were broken, then it would release the misfortune.

During the Jomon period, pots were made using coil technique. The coils were shaped into pots, and then they were smoothed out, leaving impressions as the pots were smoothed to create texture. The pots were used mainly for cooking and displayed an artistically playful spirit, such as with the top of this pot.

During the Jomon period, pots were made using coil technique. The coils were shaped into pots, and then they were smoothed out, leaving impressions as the pots were smoothed to create texture. The pots were used mainly for cooking and displayed an artistically playful spirit, such as with the top of this pot.

What nation of the Three Kingdom period were Maebyeong bottles from? Describe how Maebyeong bottles were made by Korean potters and the artistic elements of the bottles.

Maebyeong bottles were created in Goguryeo. Korean potters used a celadon-high fired glaze of pale, bluish green hue. They would typically apply the glaze over gray stoneware, which had been invented in China. Korean potters experimented with glazes through the years, and their creations rivaled the best Chinese court ceramics.

El Greco adopted his elongated and encompassing style from the ___________.

Mannerists

Who is depicted in the image below?

Martin Luther is depicted in the image below.

Describe the characteristics of Men's hand.

Men's hand was characterized by strong ink play and lively brush work. It usually satirized different levels of society and represented the humor of the Japanese.

Describe the types of regalia made in Kongo after being influenced by Portugal.

Much of the regalia of the Kongo Kingdom displayed Christian symbols such as, crosses, crucifixes, and other Christian emblems. Regalia also included figures of saints and ornamental pieces for royalty.

Who is the artist, and what is the title of the piece below?

NOT Allegory of the Battle of Lepantes; El Greco

What is the underlying meaning behind the image below?

NOT It is an allegory of the Garden of Eden.

What role did Antwerp play in the art of the Netherlands?

NOT all of the above

Why were Bruegel's work and subjects favored by local scholars, merchants, and bankers?

NOT all of the above

What was responsible for increased flexibility in painting, and allowed artists to make changes more easily?

Oil paint was responsible for the increased flexibility in painting, and allowed artists to make changes more easily.

El Greco moved to Toledo, Spain where he hoped for a court appointment from ________.

Philip II

Look at the two pictures below. Name each piece of art and the style of Japanese art each represents.

Picture 1: This piece is called, Choiu Giga, and is an example of men's hand. Picture 2: This piece is called, Scene from The Tale of Genji, and is an example of women's hand.

Where was the first printing press created?

The first printing press was created in Europe, specifically, Germany.

Explain the principle of spirited resonance. What was Xie He's opinion of this principle?

Spirited resonance is the overall energy of a work of art. Xie He believed that without this principle, there was no need to look further.

One project commissioned by the papacy was the reconstruction of _________________.

St. Peter's Basilica

What are textiles, and where were they used in Spain?

Textiles are cloths that are woven. They were frequently used in tapestries, robes, and clothes.

What was found at the site of Igbo Ukwu? Why was it an important archeological find?

The Igbo Ukwu site contained an elite burial and shrine complex. It held the earliest known examples of copper alloy or bronze casting in Sub Saharan Africa. The site also increased historians' understanding of both art and culture of West African civilizations.

The three paintings below are examples of what type of religious depiction?

The Virgin Mary holding Jesus' dead body in her arms. pieta

Why is Africa considered the "cradle of art and civilization"?

The earlier discovery of Paleolithic art revolutionized ideas of what primitive human cultures might have been capable of. The creation of art is considered to indicate an advance in both the linguistic and cultural development of a population. The discovery of the cave paintings in the 1940s in France led to an hypothesis that while humans most likely originated in Africa, and learned to make tools there, it was not until the time of the French cave paintings, 35,000 ago at most, that forms of modern behavior including advanced language and symbolic expression, such as art began to appear.

How were Jenne sculptures made? What material was most commonly used?

The figures were polished, covered with a red clay slip, and fired at low temperatures. Many of their sculptures were made of terracotta.

Which of the following best explains the positive effect of printmaking on the economy of the time period?

b. Books were made more quickly and effectively.

What literary work contains this woodcut?

b. Canterbury Tales

The three master artists of the High Renaissance were __________.

b. Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci

What is depicted in the image below?

b. Nobles feasting

Which of the following is a traditional type of Scandinavian architecture?

b. horizontal log construction

What were the "gripping beasts?"

b. the intertwined animals carved on the bow and stern of viking boats

What part of a ship is the prow?

b. the most forward part of a ship's bow

What is the vanishing point?

b. the point where all imaginary lines converge

Which of the following best describes the style El Greco adopted for the painting below, titled The Burial of the Count Orgaz?

balanced between the lower earthly portion, and the suggested movement in the upper celestial portion.

What effect did printmaking have on illustrators?

c. Their work could be seen by many, helping them gain notoriety.

What was the Counter-Reformation?

c. a rebuttal from the Catholics to seek internal reform and renewal

What decorative features were used on the prow of the Oseberg ship?

c. a spiral ending in a serpent head

Which of the following best describes the art of Spain during the Renaissance?

flashy, luxurious textiles, detailed

What concept were the Humanists from the Netherlands concerned with?

folly

What type of art medium helped artists in the Netherlands earn more income in Antwerp?

graphic arts

What is linear perspective?

illusion of space.

The fantastic imagination of Bosch is sometimes associated with ___________ art.

medieval

What is a Humanist?

someone who affirms the dignity of all people